''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous

charophyte Charophyta () is a paraphyletic group of freshwater green algae, called charophytes (), sometimes treated as a division, yet also as a superdivision. The terrestrial plants, the Embryophyta emerged deep within Charophyta, possibly from terres ...

green alga The green algae (: green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/ Streptophyta. The land plants ( ...

e of the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

Zygnematales The Zygnematales ( (''zygós'') and νῆμα (''nḗma'') ( nom.), νήματος (''nḗmatos'') ( gen.)), also called the Conjugatales, are an order of green algae, comprising several thousand different species in two families. The larger fam ...

, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the

chloroplast A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle, organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant cell, plant and algae, algal cells. Chloroplasts have a high concentration of chlorophyll pigments which captur ...

s that is characteristic of the genus. ''Spirogyra'' species, of which there are more than 500, are commonly found in

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term excludes seawater and brackish water, but it does include non-salty mi ...

habitats. ''Spirogyra'' measures approximately 10 to 150 micrometres in width (though not usually more than 60) and may grow to several centimetres in length.

Distribution

''Spirogyra'' can be been found on every continent on Earth, including Antarctica. It is freshwater algae, found rivers, ponds, and other such bodies of water.

Taxonomy

The genus Spirogyra was named by German naturalist

Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link (2 February 1767 – 1 January 1851) was a German natural history, naturalist and botanist. Biography Link was born at Hildesheim as a son of the minister August Heinrich Link (1738–1783), who taught him love ...

in 1820. The lectotype, ''Spirogyra'' ''porticalis'' was designated in 1952 by Paul C. Silvia.

Reproduction

''Spirogyra'' can reproduce both sexually and asexually. In vegetative reproduction, fragmentation takes place, and ''Spirogyra'' simply undergoes

intercalary Intercalation may refer to: *Intercalation (chemistry), insertion of a molecule (or ion) into layered solids such as graphite *Intercalation (timekeeping), insertion of a leap day, week or month into some calendar years to make the calendar follo ...

cell division Cell division is the process by which a parent cell (biology), cell divides into two daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and replicates its chromosome(s) before dividing. In eukar ...

to extend the length of the new filaments. Sexual reproduction is of two types: # Scalariform conjugation requires association of two or more different filaments lined side by side, either partially or throughout their length. One cell each from opposite lined filaments emits tubular protuberances known as conjugation tubes, which elongate and fuse to make a passage called the conjugation canal. The cytoplasm of the cell acting as the male travels through this tube and fuses with the female cytoplasm, and the gametes fuse to form a zygospore. # In lateral conjugation, gametes are formed in a single filament. Two adjoining cells near the common transverse wall give out protuberances known as conjugation tubes, which further form the conjugation canal upon contact. The male cytoplasm migrates through the conjugation canal, fusing with the female. The rest of the process proceeds as in scalariform conjugation. The essential difference is that scalariform conjugation occurs between two filaments and lateral conjugation occurs between two adjacent cells on the same filament.

Usage

Spirogyra species are being researched for their potential in

bioremediation Bioremediation broadly refers to any process wherein a biological system (typically bacteria, microalgae, fungi in mycoremediation, and plants in phytoremediation), living or dead, is employed for removing environmental pollutants from air, wate ...

. Specifically, in stemming toxic runoff from mines (where they are often found occurring naturally) and from municipal wastewater. Spirogyra has also been investigated as a potential biofuel. ''Spirogyra'' species, such as ''S. varians,'' are also being researched for potential pharmaceutical usage due to their high nutrient densities.

Species

The following species are currently accepted. For a more comprehensive and up-to-date list of currently accepted species, view the pages o
AlgaeBase
o
WoRMS
* '' Spirogyra abbreviata'' Zheng * '' Spirogyra acanthophora'' (Skuja) Czurda * '' Spirogyra acumbentis'' Vodenicarov * ''

Spirogyra adjerensis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is character ...

'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra adnata'' (Vaucher) Kützing * '' Spirogyra adornata'' Ling * '' Spirogyra aequinoctialis'' G.S.West * ''

Spirogyra affinis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' (Hassall) Petit * ''

Spirogyra africana ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' (F.E.Fritsch) Czurda * ''

Spirogyra ahmedabadensis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Kamat * ''

Spirogyra alpina ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Kützing * ''

Spirogyra alternata ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Kützing * ''

Spirogyra amplectens ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is character ...

'' Skuja * ''

Spirogyra ampliata ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is character ...

'' L.Liu * ''

Spirogyra anchora ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is character ...

'' Skuja * ''

Spirogyra angolensis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is character ...

'' Welwitsch * ''

Spirogyra angulata ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is character ...

'' Nipkow * '' Spirogyra anomala'' Bhashyakarla Rao * '' Spirogyra anzygoapora'' Singh * '' Spirogyra aphanosculpta'' Skuja * '' Spirogyra aplanospora'' Randhawa * ''

Spirogyra arcta ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order (biology), order Zygnematales, named for the helix, helical or spiral arrangement of the chloropla ...

'' (C.Agardh) Endlichter * '' Spirogyra arcuata'' Liu * '' Spirogyra areolata'' Lagerheim * '' Spirogyra arizonensis'' Rickert & Hoshaw * '' Spirogyra arthuri'' Woodhead & Tweed * '' Spirogyra articulata'' Transeau * ''

Spirogyra asiatica ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order (biology), order Zygnematales, named for the helix, helical or spiral arrangement of the chloropla ...

'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra atasiana'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra atrobrunnea'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra aubvillei'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra australica'' Czurda * ''

Spirogyra australiensis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' K.Möbius * '' Spirogyra austriaca'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra azygospora'' Singh * '' Spirogyra baileyi'' Schmidle * '' Spirogyra batekiana'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra bellis'' (Hassall) P.Crouan & H.Crouan * '' Spirogyra bicalyptrata'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra bichromatophora'' (Randhawa) Transeau * '' Spirogyra biformis'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra biharensis'' A.M.Verma & B.Kumari * '' Spirogyra bii'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra bireticulata'' Liu * '' Spirogyra borealis'' Zheng & Ling * '' Spirogyra borgeana'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra borgei'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra borkuense'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra borysthenica'' Kasanowsky & Smirnoff

mirnov Mirnov may refer to: * Igor Mirnov, Russian ice hockey player * Mirnov oscillations Mirnov oscillations (a.k.a. magnetic oscillations) are amplitude perturbations of the magnetic field in a plasma. It is named after Sergei V. Mirnov who designe ...

/small> * '' Spirogyra bourrellyana'' Gauthier-Lièvre * ''

Spirogyra braziliensis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' (Nordstedt) Transeau * '' Spirogyra britannica'' Godward * '' Spirogyra brunnea'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra buchetii'' Petit * '' Spirogyra bullata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra calcarea'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra calchaquiesiae'' B.Tracanna * '' Spirogyra californica'' Stancheva, J.D.Hall, McCourt & Sheath * '' Spirogyra calospora'' Cleve * '' Spirogyra canaliculata'' Segar * '' Spirogyra cardinia'' S.H.Lewis * '' Spirogyra caroliniana'' G.E.Dillard * '' Spirogyra castanacea'' G.C.Couch * '' Spirogyra cataeniformis'' (Hassall) Kützing * '' Spirogyra catenaeformis'' (Hassall) Kützing * '' Spirogyra cavata'' Vodenicarov * '' Spirogyra chakiaensis'' (Bhashyakarla Rao) Kreiger * '' Spirogyra chandigarhensis'' * '' Spirogyra chekiangensis'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra chenii'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra chungkingensis'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra chuniae'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra circumlineata'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra clavata'' Segar * '' Spirogyra cleveana'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra colligata'' Hodgetts * '' Spirogyra columbiana'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra communis'' (Hassall) Kützing * '' Spirogyra condensata'' (Vaucher) Dumortier * '' Spirogyra congolensis'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra conspicua'' Gay * '' Spirogyra convoluta'' * '' Spirogyra corrugata'' Woodhead & Tweed * '' Spirogyra costata'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra costulata'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra coumbiana'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra crassa'' (Kützing) Kützing * '' Spirogyra crassispina'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra crassiuscula'' (Wittrock & Nordstedt) Transeau * '' Spirogyra crassivallicularis'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra crassoidea'' (Transeau) Transeau * '' Spirogyra crenulata'' Singh * '' Spirogyra croasdaleae'' Blum * '' Spirogyra cyanosporum'' * '' Spirogyra cylindrica'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra cylindrosperma'' (West & G.S.West) Krieger * '' Spirogyra cylindrospora'' West & G.S.West * '' Spirogyra czubinskii'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra czurdae'' Misra * '' Spirogyra czurdiana'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra dacimina'' (O.F.Müller) Kützing * '' Spirogyra daedalea'' Lagerheim * '' Spirogyra daedaleoides'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra danica'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra decimina'' (O.F.Müller) Dumortier * '' Spirogyra densa'' Kützing * ''

Spirogyra denticulata ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra dentireticulata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra desikacharyensis'' Rattan * '' Spirogyra dialyderma'' Ling & Zheng * '' Spirogyra dicephala'' C.-C.Jao & H.Z.Zhu * '' Spirogyra dictyospora'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra diluta'' H.C.Wood * '' Spirogyra dimorpha'' Geitler * '' Spirogyra discoidea'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra distenta'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra diversizygotica'' (V.I.Polyanskij) L.A.Rundina * '' Spirogyra djalonensis'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra djiliense'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra dodgeana'' * '' Spirogyra drilonensis'' Petkoff * ''

Spirogyra dubia ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Kützing * '' Spirogyra echinata'' Tiffany * '' Spirogyra echinospora'' Blum * '' Spirogyra eillipsospora'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra elegans'' Wollny * '' Spirogyra elegantissima'' Y.J.Ling & Y.M.Zheng * '' Spirogyra ellipsospora'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra elliptica'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra elongata'' (H.C.Wood) H.C.Wood * '' Spirogyra elongata'' (Vaucher) Dumortier * '' Spirogyra emilianensis'' Bonhomme * '' Spirogyra endogranulata'' O.Bock & W.Bock * ''

Spirogyra exilis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' West & G.S.West * '' Spirogyra fallax'' (Hansgirg) Wille * ''

Spirogyra fassula ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Zheng * '' Spirogyra favosa'' Y.-X.Wei & Y.-K.Yung * '' Spirogyra fennica'' Cedercreutz * '' Spirogyra ferruginea'' H.W.Liang * '' Spirogyra flavescens'' (Hassall) Kützing * '' Spirogyra flavicans'' Kützing * '' Spirogyra fluviatilis'' Hilse * '' Spirogyra formosa'' (Transeau) Czurda * ''

Spirogyra fossa ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is character ...

'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra fossulata'' C.-C.Jao & Hu * '' Spirogyra foveolata'' (Transeau) Czurda * '' Spirogyra franconica'' O.Bock & W.Bock * '' Spirogyra frankliniana'' Tiffany * '' Spirogyra frigida'' F.Gay * '' Spirogyra fritschiana'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra fukienica'' Wei * '' Spirogyra fuzhouensis'' H.-J.Hu * '' Spirogyra gallica'' Petit * '' Spirogyra gaterslebensis'' Reith * ''

Spirogyra gauthier-lievrae ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order (biology), order Zygnematales, named for the helix, helical or spiral arrangement of the chloropla ...

'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra gauthieri'' Gayral * '' Spirogyra gharbensis'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra ghosei'' Singh * '' Spirogyra gibberosa'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra glabra'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra globulispora'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra gobonensis'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra goetzei'' Schmidle * '' Spirogyra gracilis'' Kützing * ''

Spirogyra granulata ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order (biology), order Zygnematales, named for the helix, helical or spiral arrangement of the chloropla ...

'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra gratiana'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra groenlandica'' Rosenvinge * '' Spirogyra guangchowensis'' Zhu & Zhong * '' Spirogyra guineense'' Gauthier-Lièvre * ''

Spirogyra gujaratensis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order (biology), order Zygnematales, named for the helix, helical or spiral arrangement of the chloropla ...

'' Kamat * '' Spirogyra gurdaspurensis'' Rattan * '' Spirogyra haimenensis'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra hartigii'' (Kützing) De Toni * '' Spirogyra hassalii'' (Jenner) Petit * '' Spirogyra hassallii'' (Jenner ex Hassall) P.Crouan & H.Crouan * '' Spirogyra hatillensis'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra heeriana'' Nägeli ex Kützing * '' Spirogyra henanensis'' (L.J.Bi) L.J.Bi * '' Spirogyra herbipolensis'' O.Bock & W.Bock * '' Spirogyra heterospora'' Liu * '' Spirogyra hoehnei'' O.Borge * '' Spirogyra hoggarica'' (Gauthier-Lièvre) Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra hollandiae'' Taft * '' Spirogyra hopeiensis'' C.-C.Jao * ''

Spirogyra hunanensis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra hungarica'' Langer * '' Spirogyra hyalina'' Cleve * '' Spirogyra hymerae'' Britton & B.H.Smith * '' Spirogyra inconstans'' Collins * '' Spirogyra incrassata'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra indica'' Krieger * '' Spirogyra inflata'' (Vaucher) Dumortier * '' Spirogyra insignis'' (Hassall) Kützing * '' Spirogyra insueta'' Zhu & Zhong * '' Spirogyra intermedia'' Rabenhorst * '' Spirogyra intorta'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra ionia'' Wade * '' Spirogyra irregularis'' Nägeli ex Kützing * '' Spirogyra ivorensis'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra iyengarii'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra jaoensis'' Randhawa * '' Spirogyra jaoi'' S.H.Ley * '' Spirogyra jassiensis'' (Teodoresco) Czurda * '' Spirogyra jatobae'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra jogensis'' Iyengar * '' Spirogyra jugalis'' (Dillwyn) Kützing * ''

Spirogyra juliana ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Stancheva, J.D.Hall, McCourt & Sheath * '' Spirogyra kaffirita'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra kamatii'' Kamat * '' Spirogyra karnalae'' Randhawa * ''

Spirogyra kolae ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Hajdu * '' Spirogyra koreana'' J.-H.Kim, Y.H.Kim, & I.K.Lee * '' Spirogyra krubergii'' V.J.Poljanski * '' Spirogyra kundaensis'' Singh * '' Spirogyra kuusamoensis'' Hirn * '' Spirogyra labbei'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra labyrinthica'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra lacustris'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra lagerheimii'' Wittrock * ''

Spirogyra laka ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Kützing * '' Spirogyra lallandiae'' Taft * '' Spirogyra lambertiana'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra lamellata'' (Bhashyakarla Rao) Krieger * '' Spirogyra lamellosa'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra lapponica'' Lagerheim * ''

Spirogyra latireticulata ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Zheng & Ling * '' Spirogyra latviensis'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra laxa'' Kützing * '' Spirogyra laxistrata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra lenticularis'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra lentiformis'' L.J.Bi * '' Spirogyra lians'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra libyca'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra lismorensis'' Playfair * '' Spirogyra lodziensis'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra longifissa'' Wei * '' Spirogyra lubrica'' Kützing * '' Spirogyra lucknowensis'' (Prasad & Dutta) Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra lushanensis'' L.C.Li * '' Spirogyra luteospora'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra lutetiana'' Petit * '' Spirogyra lymerae'' Britton & Smith * '' Spirogyra macrospora'' (C.B.Rao) Krieger * '' Spirogyra maghrebiana'' Gauthier-Lièvre * ''

Spirogyra major ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Kützing * '' Spirogyra majuscula'' Kützing * '' Spirogyra malmeana'' Hirn * '' Spirogyra manormae'' Randhawa * '' Spirogyra maravillosa'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra marchica'' H.Krieger * '' Spirogyra margalefii'' Aboal & Llimona * '' Spirogyra margaritata'' Wollny * '' Spirogyra marocana'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra maxima'' (Hassall) Wittrock * '' Spirogyra megaspora'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra meinningensis'' * '' Spirogyra meridionalis'' W.J.Zhu & Zhong * '' Spirogyra miamiana'' Taft * '' Spirogyra microdictyon'' C.-C.Jao & Hu * '' Spirogyra microgranulata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra micropunctata'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra microspora'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra mienningensis'' L.-C.Li * '' Spirogyra minor'' (Schmidle) Transeau * '' Spirogyra minuticrassoidea'' Yamagishi * '' Spirogyra minutifossa'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra mirabilis'' (Hassall) Kützing * '' Spirogyra miranda'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra mirifica'' Zheng & Ling * '' Spirogyra mithalaensis'' A.M.Verma & B.Kumari * ''

Spirogyra moebii ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra monodiana'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra montserrati'' Margalef * '' Spirogyra multiconjugata'' N.C.Ferrer & E.J.Cáceres * '' Spirogyra multiformis'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra multistrata'' Zheng & Ling * '' Spirogyra multitrata'' Zheng & Ling * '' Spirogyra mutabilis'' C.-C.Jao & H.J.Hu * '' Spirogyra narcissiana'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra natchita'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra nawaschinii'' Kasanowsky * '' Spirogyra neglecta'' (Hassall) Kützing * '' Spirogyra neorhizobranchialis'' C.-C.Jao & Zheng * ''

Spirogyra nitida ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order (biology), order Zygnematales, named for the helix, helical or spiral arrangement of the chloropla ...

'' (O.F.Müller) Leiblein * '' Spirogyra nodifera'' O.Bock & W.Bock * '' Spirogyra notabilis'' Taft * '' Spirogyra nova-angliae'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra novae-angliae'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra nyctigama'' Taft * '' Spirogyra oblata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra oblonga'' Liu * '' Spirogyra obovata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra occidentalis'' (Transeau) Czurda * ''

Spirogyra oligocarpa ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' C.-C.Jao * ''

Spirogyra olivascens ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Rabenhorst * '' Spirogyra ollicola'' C.-C.Jao & Zhong * '' Spirogyra oltmannsii'' Huber-Pestalozzi * '' Spirogyra orientalis'' West & G.S.West * '' Spirogyra orthospira'' Nägeli * '' Spirogyra ouarsenica'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra oudhensis'' Randhawa * ''

Spirogyra ovigera ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Montagne * '' Spirogyra pachyderma'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra palghatensis'' Erady * '' Spirogyra paludosa'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra papulata'' C.-C.Jao * ''

Spirogyra paradoxa ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Bhashyakarla Rao * '' Spirogyra paraguayensis'' O.Borge * ''

Spirogyra parva ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' (Hassall) Kützing * '' Spirogyra parvispora'' H.C.Wood * '' Spirogyra parvula'' (Transeau) Czurda * '' Spirogyra pascheriana'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra patliputri'' A.M.Verma & B.Kumari * '' Spirogyra peipeingensis'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra pellucida'' (Hassall) Kützing * '' Spirogyra perforans'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra plena'' (West & G.S.West) Czurda * '' Spirogyra poljanskii'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra polymorpha'' Kirchner * '' Spirogyra polytaeniata'' Strasburger * '' Spirogyra porangabae'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra porticalis'' (O.F.Müller) Dumortier- type * ''

Spirogyra pratensis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

Spirogyra pseudonodifera ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' O.Bock & W.Bock * '' Spirogyra pseudoplena'' Liu * '' Spirogyra pseudopulchrata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra pseudoreticulata'' Kreiger * '' Spirogyra pseudorhizopus'' L.J.Bi * '' Spirogyra pseudosahnii'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra pseudospreeiana'' C.-C.Jao * ''

Spirogyra pseudosubreticulata ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Rickert & Hoshaw * '' Spirogyra pseudotenuissima'' O.Bock & W.Bock * '' Spirogyra pseudotetrapla'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra pseudotexensis'' Bourrelly * '' Spirogyra pseudovarians'' Czurda * '' Spirogyra pseudovenusta'' Liu & Wei * '' Spirogyra pseudowoodii'' V.J.Poljanski * '' Spirogyra pulchella'' (H.C.Wood) H.C.Wood * '' Spirogyra pulchra'' Alexenko * '' Spirogyra pulchrifigurata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra puncticulata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra punctulata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra quadrata'' (Hassall) P.Petit * '' Spirogyra quadrilaminata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra quezelii'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra quilonensis'' Kothari * '' Spirogyra quinina'' Kützing * '' Spirogyra quinquilaminata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra randhawae'' Krieger * '' Spirogyra rattanii'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra rectangularis'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra rectispira'' Merriman * '' Spirogyra regularis'' (Cedercreutz) Krieger * ''

Spirogyra reinhardii ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order (biology), order Zygnematales, named for the helix, helical or spiral arrangement of the chloropla ...

'' V.Chmielevsky * '' Spirogyra reticulata'' Nordstedt * '' Spirogyra reticulatum'' Randhawa * '' Spirogyra reticuliana'' Randhawa * '' Spirogyra rhizobrachialis'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra rhizobranchialis'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra rhizoides'' Randhawa * '' Spirogyra rhizopus'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra rhodopea'' Petkoff * '' Spirogyra rivularis'' (Hassall) Rabenhorst * '' Spirogyra robusta'' (Nygaard) Czurda * '' Spirogyra rugosa'' (Transeau) Czurda * '' Spirogyra rugulosa'' Iwanoff * '' Spirogyra rupestris'' Schmidle * '' Spirogyra sahnii'' Randhawa * '' Spirogyra salina'' Aleem * '' Spirogyra sanjingensis'' Y.Wang & Z.Wang * '' Spirogyra sarmae'' M.Singh & M.Srivastava * '' Spirogyra schmidtii'' West & G.S.West * '' Spirogyra schweickerdtii'' Cholonky * '' Spirogyra scripta'' Nygaard * '' Spirogyra scrobiculata'' (Stockmayer) Czurda * '' Spirogyra sculpta'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra semiornata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra senegalensis'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra setiformis'' (Roth) Martens ex Meneghini * '' Spirogyra shantungensis'' L.-C.Li * '' Spirogyra shanxiensis'' Zheng & Ling * '' Spirogyra shenzaensis'' Zheng * '' Spirogyra siamensis'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra siberica'' Skvortzov * '' Spirogyra silesiaca'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra sinensis'' L.-C.Li * '' Spirogyra singularis'' Nordstedt * '' Spirogyra skujae'' Randhawa * '' Spirogyra skvortzowii'' Willi Kreiger * '' Spirogyra smithii'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra speciosa'' Liu * '' Spirogyra sphaerica'' (Misra) Willi Krieger * '' Spirogyra sphaerocarpa'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra sphaerospora'' Hirn * '' Spirogyra spinescens'' Kirjakov * '' Spirogyra splendida'' G.S West * '' Spirogyra spreeiana'' Rabenhorst * '' Spirogyra subaffinis'' F.E.Fritsch & M.F.Rich * ''

Spirogyra subbullata ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra subcolligata'' L.J.Bi * '' Spirogyra subcrassa'' Woronchin * '' Spirogyra subcrassiuscula'' L.J.Bi * '' Spirogyra subcylindrospora'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra subechinata'' Godward * '' Spirogyra subfossulata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra subglabra'' Zheng & Ling * '' Spirogyra sublambertiana'' Zhao * ''

Spirogyra subluteospora ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' C.-C.Jao & Hu * '' Spirogyra submajuscula'' Ling & Zheng * '' Spirogyra submargaritata'' Godward * '' Spirogyra submarina'' (Collins) Transeau * '' Spirogyra submaxima'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra subobovata'' Chian * '' Spirogyra subpapulatata'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra subpellucida'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra subpolytaeniata'' C.-C.Jao * ''

Spirogyra subpratensis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Woronichin * '' Spirogyra subreflexa'' Liang & Wang * '' Spirogyra subreticulata'' F.E.Fritsch * '' Spirogyra subsalina'' Cedercreutz * '' Spirogyra subsalsa'' Kützing * '' Spirogyra subsalso-punctatulata'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra subtropica'' Chian * '' Spirogyra suburbana'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra subvelata'' Kreiger * '' Spirogyra sulcata'' Blum * '' Spirogyra sundanensis'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra superba'' L.Liu * '' Spirogyra supervarians'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra szechwanensis'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra taftiana'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra taiyuanensis'' Ling * '' Spirogyra tandae'' Randhawa * '' Spirogyra taylorii'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra tenuior'' (Transeau) Krieger * '' Spirogyra tenuispina'' Rundina * '' Spirogyra tenuissima'' (Hassall) Kützing * '' Spirogyra teodoresci'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra ternata'' Ripart * '' Spirogyra tetrapla'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra tibetensis'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra tjibodensis'' Faber * '' Spirogyra tolosana'' Comère * '' Spirogyra torta'' Blum * '' Spirogyra trachycarpa'' Skuja * '' Spirogyra transeauiana'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra triplicata'' (Collins) Transeau * '' Spirogyra trochainii'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra tropica'' Kützing * '' Spirogyra tsingtaoensis'' L.-C.Li * '' Spirogyra tuberculata'' Lagerheim * '' Spirogyra tuberculosa'' Liang & Wang * '' Spirogyra tucumaniae'' B.Tracanna * '' Spirogyra tumida'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra turfosa'' F.Gay * '' Spirogyra tuwensis'' R.J.Patel & C.K.Asok Kumar * '' Spirogyra ugandense'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra unduliseptum'' Randhawa * '' Spirogyra urbana'' C.-C.Jao & Zhong * '' Spirogyra van-zantenii'' Cholonky * '' Spirogyra variabilis'' C.-C.Jao & Hu * '' Spirogyra varians'' (Hassall) Kützing * '' Spirogyra variaspora'' Rickert & Hoshaw * ''

Spirogyra variformis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra varshaii'' Prasad & Dutta * '' Spirogyra vasishtii'' Rattan * '' Spirogyra velata'' Nordstedt * '' Spirogyra venkataramanii'' Rattan * '' Spirogyra venosa'' Kadlubowska * '' Spirogyra venusta'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra vermiculata'' C.-C.Jao & H.J.Hu * '' Spirogyra verrucogranulata'' I.C A.Dias & C.E.de M.Bicudo * '' Spirogyra verrucosa'' (C.B.Rao) Krieger * '' Spirogyra verruculosa'' C.-C.Jao * '' Spirogyra voltaica'' Gauthier-Lièvre * '' Spirogyra wangii'' L.C.Li * '' Spirogyra weberi'' Kützing * ''

Spirogyra weishuiensis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order (biology), order Zygnematales, named for the helix, helical or spiral arrangement of the chloropla ...

'' Ling & Zheng * '' Spirogyra weletischii'' West & G.S.West * '' Spirogyra welwitschii'' West & G.S.West * '' Spirogyra westii'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra willei'' Skuja * '' Spirogyra wittrockii'' Alexenko * '' Spirogyra wollnyi'' De Toni * '' Spirogyra wrightiana'' Transeau * '' Spirogyra wuchanensis'' C.-C.Jao & H.-J.Hu * ''

Spirogyra wuhanensis ''Spirogyra'' (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteris ...

'' C.-C.Jao & H.-J.Hu * '' Spirogyra xiaoganensis'' Liu * '' Spirogyra xinxiangensis'' L.J.Bi * '' Spirogyra yexianensis'' L.J.Bi * '' Spirogyra yuin'' S.Skinner & Entwisle * '' Spirogyra yunnanensis'' L.-C.Li C

Trivia

American jazz fusion band

Spyro Gyra Spyro Gyra is an American jazz fusion band that was formed in Buffalo, New York, in 1974. The band's music combines jazz, R&B, funk, and pop music. The band's name comes from ''Spirogyra'', a genus of green algae which founder Jay Beckenste ...

was named after this genus of algae. It is also the subject of the

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

ian

Samba rock Samba rock (also known as samba soul or confused with samba funk and sambalanço) is a Brazilian dance culture and music genre that fuses samba with rock music, rock, soul music, soul, and funk. It emerged from the dance parties of São Paulo's l ...

song "Spirogyra story" by

Jorge Ben Jorge Duílio Lima Menezes (born March 22, 1939) is a Brazilian popular musician, performing under the stage name Jorge Ben Jor since the 1980s, though commonly known by his former stage name Jorge Ben (). Performing in a samba style that also ...

Gallery

File:20090523_213732_Spirogyra.jpg, ''Spirogyra'' File:3x2 millimeters of Spirogyra.jpg, ''Spirogyra'' File:Spirogyra cell.jpg, Single ''Spirogyra'' cell File:20090328 2222 Spirogyra.jpg, ''Spirogyra'' (Each numbered tick = 122 μm) File:20090328 2225 Spirogyra.jpg, ''Spirogyra'' (Each numbered tick = 20 μm) File:Spirogyra algae under microscope.jpg, Patch of ''Spirogyra'' from algal blooming in Westfalian pond File:Spirogyra-bgiu.jpg, ''Spirogyra'' algal bloom in Romanian pond

References

* * John Whitton, B.A. and Brook, A.J. (editors) 2002. ''The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. . {{Authority control Zygnemataceae