''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order

Ostropales The Ostropales are an order of fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. The order was circumscribed by Swedish botanist John Axel Nannfeldt in 1932. The order contains 4 families and 46 genera, including 6 genera of uncertain familial placement. Fa ...

. The genus was

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every po ...

Alexander Zahlbruckner Alexander Zahlbruckner (31 May 1860, Svätý Jur – 1938, Vienna) was an Austrian- Hungarian botanist who specialized in the study of lichens. Johann Babtist Zahlbruckner, an earlier Austrian botanist, was his grandfather. From 1878 to 1883 ...

in 1903, with ''

Spirographa spiralis ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' later assigned as the type species in 1923. The family Spirographaceae was circumscribed by Adam Flakus, Javier Etayo and Jolanta Miadlikowska in 2019 on the basis of

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

analysis. They determined that genus ''Spirographa'' is an independent

lineage Lineage may refer to: Science * Lineage (anthropology), a group that can demonstrate its common descent from an apical ancestor or a direct line of descent from an ancestor * Lineage (evolution), a temporal sequence of individuals, populati ...

in the Ostropales, sister to the

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

containing the families Fissurinaceae,

Gomphillaceae The Gomphillaceae are a family of lichens in the order Ostropales. Species in this family are found mostly in tropical regions. Genera According to a recent (2020) estimate, the Gomphillaceae comprise 26 genera and about 420 species. The followi ...

, and

Graphidaceae The Graphidaceae are a family of lichens in the order Ostropales. Distribution and ecology The vast majority of Graphidaceae species are restricted to the tropics. Most Graphidaceae species are epiphytic (i.e. they grow only on plants). Gener ...

Species

*''

Spirographa aggregata ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *''

Spirographa arsenii ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *''

Spirographa ascaridiella ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *'' Spirographa ciliata'' *''

Spirographa fusisporella ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *''

Spirographa galligena ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *''

Spirographa giselae ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *''

Spirographa herteliana ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *''

Spirographa hypotrachynae ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *''

Spirographa intermedia ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *''

Spirographa lichenicola ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *''

Spirographa limaciformis ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *''

Spirographa longispora ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *''

Spirographa maroneae ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *''

Spirographa ophiurospora ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with '' Spirographa spiralis'' later assi ...

'' *'' Spirographa parmotrematis'' *''

Spirographa pittii ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with ''Spirographa spiralis'' later assig ...

'' *'' Spirographa pyramidalis'' *''

'' *''

Spirographa triangularis ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with ''Spirographa spiralis'' later ass ...

'' *'' Spirographa tricupulata'' *''

Spirographa usneae ''Spirographa'' is a genus of mycoparasitism, parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903 ...

'' *''

Spirographa vermiformis ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with ''Spirographa spiralis'' later ass ...

'' *''

Spirographa vinosa ''Spirographa'' is a genus of parasitic fungi. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Spirographaceae, belong to the order Ostropales. The genus was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903, with ''Spirographa spiralis'' later ass ...

References

Ostropales Ostropales genera Taxa described in 1903 Taxa named by Alexander Zahlbruckner Lichenicolous fungi {{Ostropales-stub