''Spirifer'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
marine brachiopod
Brachiopods (), phylum (biology), phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear e ...
s belonging to the order
Spiriferida
Spiriferida is an order of extinct articulate brachiopod fossils which are known for their long hinge-line, which is often the widest part of the shell. In some genera (e.g. ''Mucrospirifer'') it is greatly elongated, giving them a wing-like app ...
and family
Spiriferidae. Species belonging to the genus lived from the Middle
Ordovician
The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and System (geology), system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era (geology), Era, and the second of twelve periods of the Phanerozoic Eon (geology), Eon. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years f ...
(
Sandbian
The Sandbian is the first stage of the Upper Ordovician. It follows the Darriwilian and is succeeded by the Katian. Its lower boundary is defined as the first appearance datum of the graptolite species '' Nemagraptus gracilis'' around million ...
) through to the Late
Triassic
The Triassic ( ; sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya. The Triassic is t ...
(
Carnian
The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Triassic series (stratigraphy), Series (or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Triassic Epoch (reference date), Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227.3 ...
) with a global distribution. They were stationary epifaunal suspension feeders.
[''Spirifer'']
at Fossilworks
Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world.
History
Fossilworks was cr ...
.org
Selected species
* ''Spirifer acutiplicatus'' Hayasaka, 1933
* ''Spirifer bambadhurensis'' Diener, 1903
* ''Spirifer baschkirica'' Tschernyschew, 1902
* ''Spirifer battu'' Gemmellaro, 1899
* ''Spirifer byrangi'' Chernyak, 1963
* ''Spirifer carnicus'' Schellwien, 1892
* ''Spirifer concentricus'' Lee and Su, 1980
* ''Spirifer distefanii'' Gemmellaro, 1899
* ''Spirifer dvinaensis'' Licharew, 1927
* ''Spirifer enderlei'' Tschernyschew, 1902
* ''Spirifer engelgardthi'' Chernyak, 1963
* ''Spirifer fritschi'' Schellwien, 1892
* ''Spirifer holodnensis'' Chernyak, 1963
* ''Spirifer lirellus'' Cvancara, 1958
* ''Spirifer malistanensis'' Plodowski, 1968
* ''Spirifer muensteri'' Suess, 1854
* ''Spirifer opimus'' Hall, 1858
* ''Spirifer pentagonoides'' Plodowski, 1968
* ''Spirifer pentlandi'' d'Orbigny, 1842
* ''Spirifer perlamellosus'' Hall, 1857
* ''Spirifer piassinaensis'' Chernyak, 1963
* ''Spirifer postventricosus'' Tschernyschew, 1902
* ''Spirifer pseudotasmaniensis'' Einor, 1939
* ''Spirifer rakuszi'' Einor, 1946
* ''Spirifer rockymontanus'' Marcou, 1858
* ''Spirifer schellwieni'' Tschernyschew, 1902
* ''Spirifer siculus'' Gemmellaro, 1899
* ''Spirifer spitiensis'' Stoliczka, 1865
* ''Spirifer strangwaysi'' De Verneuil, 1845
* ''Spirifer striatus'' Martin, 1809
* ''Spirifer subgrandiformis'' Plodowski, 1968
* ''Spirifer subtrigonalis'' Gemmellaro, 1899
* ''Spirifer supracarbonicus'' Tschernyschew, 1902
* ''Spirifer supramosquensis'' Nikitin, 1890
* ''Spirifer tareiaensis'' Einor, 1939
* ''Spirifer tegulatus''
Trautschold, 1876
* ''Spirifer undata'' Reed, 1944
* ''Spirifer uralicus'' Tschernyschew, 1902
* ''Spirifer zitteli'' Schellwien, 1892
Reassigned species
As ''Spirifer'' has been described early on, since then, many species have been reassigned.
* ''S. archiaciformis'' = ''
Sinospirifer subextensus''
* ''S. bisulcatus'' = ''
Angiospirifer bisulcatus''
* ''S. chinensis'' mut. ''α'' = ''
Sinospirifer subextensus''
* ''S. gortanioides'' = ''
Plicapustula gortanioides''
* ''S. hayasakai'' = ''
Lamarckispirifer hayasakai''
* ''S. heterosinosus '' = ''
Sinospirifer subextensus''
* ''S. martellii'' = ''
Plicapustula martellii''
* ''S. pekinensis'' = ''
Plicapustula pekinensis''
* ''S. pellizzarii'' = ''
Sinospirifer subextensus''
* ''S. pellizzariformis '' = ''
Sinospirifer subextensus''
* ''S. pinguis'' = ''
Latibrachythyris pinguis''
* ''S. rotundatus'' = ''
Latibrachythyris rotundatus ''
* ''S. subhayasakai '' = ''
Sinospirifer subextensus''
* ''S. verneuili'' = ''
Cyrtospirifer verneuili
''Cyrtospirifer verneuili'', also called ''Spirifer verneuili'', is an extinct species of brachiopod. The fossils are present in the Upper Devonian.
In Cornwall they have the vernacular name Delabole butterfly, from the appearance of flattened ...
''
* ''S. verneuili'' var. ''subarchiaci'' = ''
Plicapustula subarchiaci''
* ''S. verneuili'' var. ''subextensus'' = ''
Sinospirifer subextensus''
* ''S. vilis'' = ''
Sinospirifer subextensus''
* ''S. wangleighi '' = ''
Sinospirifer subextensus''
* ''S. yassensis'' = ''
Spinella yassensis''
References
External links
Zipcodezoo* Sepkoski, Jac
Sepkoski's Online Genus Database
Spiriferida
Prehistoric brachiopod genera
Paleozoic animals of Africa
Paleozoic animals of Asia
Paleozoic animals of Europe
Paleozoic animals of North America
Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state)
Paleozoic brachiopods of South America
Carboniferous Bolivia
Devonian Brazil
Carboniferous Brazil
Devonian Colombia
Fossils of Colombia
Floresta Formation
Devonian Peru
Ordovician first appearances
Carnian extinctions
Jeffersonville Limestone
Paleozoic life of Ontario
Paleozoic life of Alberta
Paleozoic life of British Columbia
Paleozoic life of New Brunswick
Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories
Paleozoic life of Nunavut
Paleozoic life of Quebec
Paleozoic life of Yukon
Fossil taxa described in 1818
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