NGC 1097 (also known as Caldwell 67) is a

barred spiral galaxy A barred spiral galaxy is a spiral galaxy with a central bar-shaped structure composed of stars. Bars are found in about two thirds of all spiral galaxies in the local universe, and generally affect both the motions of stars and interstellar gas ...

about 45 million

light years A light-year, alternatively spelled light year (ly or lyr), is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equal to exactly , which is approximately 9.46 trillion km or 5.88 trillion mi. As defined by the International Astro ...

away in the

constellation A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of visible stars forms Asterism (astronomy), a perceived pattern or outline, typically representing an animal, mythological subject, or inanimate object. The first constellati ...

Fornax Fornax () is a constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere, partly ringed by the celestial river Eridanus (constellation), Eridanus. Its name is Latin for furnace. It was named by French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1756. Forna ...

. It was discovered by

William Herschel Frederick William Herschel ( ; ; 15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) was a German-British astronomer and composer. He frequently collaborated with his younger sister and fellow astronomer Caroline Herschel. Born in the Electorate of Hanover ...

on 9 October 1790. It is a severely interacting galaxy with obvious tidal debris and distortions caused by interaction with the companion galaxy NGC 1097A.

General information

NGC 1097 is also a

Seyfert galaxy Seyfert galaxies are one of the two largest groups of active galaxies, along with quasar host galaxies. They have quasar-like nuclei (very luminous sources of electromagnetic radiation that are outside of our own galaxy) with very high surface ...

. Deep photographs revealed four narrow optical jets that appear to emanate from the nucleus. These have been interpreted as manifestations of the (currently weak) active nucleus. Subsequent analysis of the brightest jet's radio-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution were able to rule out synchrotron and thermal free-free emission. The optical jets are in fact composed of stars. The failure to detect atomic hydrogen gas in the jets (under the assumption that they were an example of tidal tails) using deep 21 cm HI imaging with the

Very Large Array The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) is a centimeter-wavelength radio astronomy observatory in the southwestern United States built in the 1970s. It lies in central New Mexico on the Plains of San Agustin, between the towns of Magdalena, Ne ...

radio telescope and numerical simulations led to the current interpretation that the jets are actually the shattered remains of a cannibalized dwarf galaxy. NGC 1097 has a

supermassive black hole A supermassive black hole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (). Black holes are a class of astronomical ...

at its center, which is 140 million times the mass of the

Sun The Sun is the star at the centre of the Solar System. It is a massive, nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy from its surface mainly as visible light a ...

. Around the central black hole is a glowing ring of

star A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma (physics), plasma held together by Self-gravitation, self-gravity. The List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs, nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night sk ...

-forming regions with a network of gas and dust that spirals from the ring to the black hole. An inflow of material toward the central bar of the galaxy causes new stars to be created in the ring. The ring is approximately 5,000 light-years in diameter, the spiral arms of the galaxy extend tens of thousands of light-years beyond the ring. NGC 1097 has two

satellite galaxies A satellite galaxy is a smaller companion galaxy that travels on bound orbits within the gravitational potential of a more massive and Luminosity, luminous host galaxy (also known as the primary galaxy). Satellite galaxies and their constituents ...

, NGC 1097A and NGC 1097B. Dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 1097A is the larger of the two. It is a peculiar

elliptical galaxy An elliptical galaxy is a type of galaxy with an approximately ellipsoidal shape and a smooth, nearly featureless image. They are one of the three main galaxy morphological classification, classes of galaxy described by Edwin Hubble in his Hub ...

that orbits 42,000 light-years from the center of NGC 1097. Dwarf galaxy NGC 1097B (5 million solar masses), the outermost one, was discovered by its HI emission, and appears to be a typical dwarf irregular. Little else is known about it.

Supernovae

Four

supernova A supernova (: supernovae or supernovas) is a powerful and luminous explosion of a star. A supernova occurs during the last stellar evolution, evolutionary stages of a massive star, or when a white dwarf is triggered into runaway nuclear fusion ...

e have been observed in NGC 1097: *

SN 1992bd SN 1992bd was a type II supernova event in NGC 1097, positioned some 1.5″ east and 9″ south of the galactic nucleus. It was discovered by astronomers Chris Smith and Lisa Wells on October 12, 1992. Spectra of the object collected October 17 ...

( type II, mag. 15) was discovered by Chris Smith and Lisa Wells on 12 October 1992. *

SN 1999eu SN 1999eu was a type IIP supernova that happened in NGC 1097, a barred spiral galaxy about 45 million light years away, in the constellation Fornax. It was discovered 5 November 1999, possibly three months after its initial brightening, and is un ...

(type II-pec, mag. 17.3) was discovered by

Masakatsu Aoki is a Japanese amateur astronomer who operates from his private Aoki Astronomical Observatory () at Toyama, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. His main interest lies in supernovae of which he has discovered a total of 13, such a SN 1999eu as well as SN ...

on 5 November 1999. *

SN 2003B SN 2003B was a type II supernova that was discovered in NGC 1097 NGC 1097 (also known as Caldwell 67) is a barred spiral galaxy about 1 E22 m, 45 million Distance measures (cosmology), light years away in the constellation Fornax. It was dis ...

(type II, mag. 15) was discovered by

Robert Evans Robert Evans (born Robert J. Shapera; June 29, 1930 – October 26, 2019) was an American film producer who worked on ''Rosemary's Baby (film), Rosemary's Baby'' (1968), ''Love Story (1970 film), Love Story'' (1970), ''The Godfather'' (1972), ...

on 5 January 2003. *

SN 2023rve SN 2023rve is a type II supernova that happened in the 10th magnitude barred spiral galaxy NGC 1097 NGC 1097 (also known as Caldwell 67) is a barred spiral galaxy about 1 E22 m, 45 million Distance measures (cosmology), light years away in th ...

(type II, mag. 14) was discovered by Mohammad Odeh on 8 August 2023.

Image Gallery

NGC 1097 and 1097A.jpg,

Ultraviolet Ultraviolet radiation, also known as simply UV, is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays. UV radiation is present in sunlight and constitutes about 10% of ...

GALEX Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX or Explorer 83 or SMEX-7) was a NASA orbiting space telescope designed to observe the universe in ultraviolet wavelengths to measure the history of star formation in the universe. In addition to paving the way ...

Coiled Galaxy.jpg,

Infrared Infrared (IR; sometimes called infrared light) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than that of visible light but shorter than microwaves. The infrared spectral band begins with the waves that are just longer than those ...

Spitzer Space Telescope The Spitzer Space Telescope, formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), was an infrared space telescope launched in 2003, that was deactivated when operations ended on 30 January 2020. Spitzer was the third space telescope dedicate ...

NGC1097 - HST - Potw2211a.jpg , Central region,

Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope (HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the Orbiting Solar Observatory, first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most ...

NGC 1097 - Ring of Fire (crop).jpg, Ring of star birth, and dust, gas and debris from the galaxy, which are being funneled into the supermassive black hole at its centre.

, 2004 NGC1097 - ESO VLT - Ann22015a.jpg , … and with 8 meter diameter

Very Large Telescope The Very Large Telescope (VLT) is an astronomical facility operated since 1998 by the European Southern Observatory, located on Cerro Paranal in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. It consists of four individual telescopes, each equipped with ...

and

adaptive optic Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique of precisely deforming a mirror in order to compensate for light distortion. It is used in astronomical telescopes and laser communication systems to remove the effects of atmospheric distortion, in microsco ...

, 2022

References

External links

VLT observations
– NGC 1097's "dog-leg" tidal stream

– NGC 1097: The Galaxy with the Longest known Optical Jets

– NGC 1097 in Fornax

– Very Large Telescope observations of NGC 1097

– In the Arms of NGC 1097 (2006-12-01)
The dance of stars and space
29 December 2012, Thomas Anderson, ''TG Daily'' * {{DEFAULTSORT:NGC 1097 Barred spiral galaxies Fornax

1097 Year 1097 ( MXCVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events By place First Crusade * Spring – The Crusaders under Godfrey of Bouillon attack the Byzantine imperial palace at Blachernae. Norman for ...

10488

077 Secret Agent 077 is a fictional superspy, lead character in a trilogy of Eurospy films starring Ken Clark (actor), Ken Clark as Dick Malloy (or Maloy). However "077" was used on posters or advertising of several other Eurospy films with little or n ...

067b Interacting galaxies 17901009 041 -05-07-024 02441-3029

General information

Supernovae

Image Gallery

See also

References

External links