''Spinomantis brunae'' (common name: Bruna's stream frog) is a species of

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely semiaquatic group of short-bodied, tailless amphibian vertebrates composing the order (biology), order Anura (coming from the Ancient Greek , literally 'without tail'). Frog species with rough ski ...

s in the family

Mantellidae The Mantellidae are an amphibian family (biology), family of the order (biology), order Frog, Anura (frogs and toads), and are Endemism, endemic to the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar and Mayotte. At first glance, the diminutive, brightly-col ...

. It is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

and known from the Anosy Mountains in southeastern Madagascar.

Description

Males measure in snout–vent length. Females are unknown. The dorsum is olive green with a reticulated pattern of dark brown spots. The flanks have white spots. The digit and toe pads bear a pair of white spots. The iris is creamy white. The tympanum is distinct. The body is granular dorsally, with weakly granular flanks and belly. The fingers and toes bear enlarged, triangular disks. Males have a subgular

vocal sac The vocal sac is the flexible Biological membrane, membrane of skin possessed by most male frogs and toads. The purpose of the vocal sac is usually as an amplification of their mating or advertisement call. The presence or development of the voca ...

Habitat and conservation

''Scpinomantis brunae'' occur in pristine forests at elevations of

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level. In geodesy, it is formalized as orthometric height. The zero level ...

. It lives in crevices among boulders and rocky areas, usually close to flowing water. Its breeding habitat is unknown but could be flowing water; one male was observed to call on a branch half a metre above the ground by a small stream. This species is locally moderately common. However, the frog is threatened by habitat loss caused by

subsistence A subsistence economy is an economy directed to basic subsistence (the provision of food, clothing and shelter) rather than to the market. Definition "Subsistence" is understood as supporting oneself and family at a minimum level. Basic subsiste ...

agriculture,

logging Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport. It may include skidder, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or trunk (botany), logs onto logging truck, trucksAndohahela National Park The Andohahela National Park is situated in Anosy in the south-east of Madagascar. It is remarkable for the extremes of habitats that are represented within it. The park covers of the Anosy mountain range, the southernmost spur of the Malagasy H ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q17107816 brunae Endemic frogs of Madagascar Amphibians described in 1998 Taxa named by Frank Glaw Taxa named by Miguel Vences