This article presents a set of paradigms—that is,

conjugation Conjugation or conjugate may refer to: Linguistics *Grammatical conjugation, the modification of a verb from its basic form *Emotive conjugation or Russell's conjugation, the use of loaded language Mathematics *Complex conjugation, the change o ...

tables—of

Spanish verbs Spanish verbs form one of the more complex areas of Spanish grammar. Spanish language, Spanish is a relatively synthetic language with a moderate to high degree of inflection, which shows up mostly in Spanish conjugation. As is typical of verbs i ...

, including examples of

regular verb A regular verb is any verb whose conjugation follows the typical pattern, or one of the typical patterns, of the language to which it belongs. A verb whose conjugation follows a different pattern is called an irregular verb. This is one instance ...

s and some of the most common

irregular verb A regular verb is any verb whose conjugation follows the typical pattern, or one of the typical patterns, of the language to which it belongs. A verb whose conjugation follows a different pattern is called an irregular verb. This is one instance ...

s. For other irregular verbs and their common patterns, see the article on

Spanish irregular verbs Spanish verbs are a complex area of Spanish grammar, with many combinations of tenses, aspects and moods (up to fifty conjugated forms per verb). Although grammatical conjugation, conjugation rules are relatively straightforward, a large number o ...

. The tables include only the "simple" tenses (that is, those formed with a single word), and not the "compound" tenses (those formed with an

auxiliary verb An auxiliary verb ( abbreviated ) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs usually accompany an infinitive verb or ...

plus a non-finite form of the main verb), such as the progressive, perfect, and passive voice. The progressive aspects (also called "continuous tenses") are formed by using the appropriate tense of ''estar'' +

present participle In linguistics, a participle (; abbr. ) is a nonfinite verb form that has some of the characteristics and functions of both verbs and adjectives. More narrowly, ''participle'' has been defined as "a word derived from a verb and used as an adject ...

(''gerundio''), and the

perfect Perfect commonly refers to: * Perfection; completeness, and excellence * Perfect (grammar), a grammatical category in some languages Perfect may also refer to: Film and television * ''Perfect'' (1985 film), a romantic drama * ''Perfect'' (20 ...

constructions are formed by using the appropriate tense of ''haber'' +

past participle In linguistics, a participle (; abbr. ) is a nonfinite verb form that has some of the characteristics and functions of both verbs and adjectives. More narrowly, ''participle'' has been defined as "a word derived from a verb and used as an adject ...

(''participio''). When the past participle is used in this way, it invariably ends with ''-o''. In contrast, when the participle is used as an

adjective An adjective (abbreviations, abbreviated ) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. Traditionally, adjectives are considered one of the main part of speech, parts of ...

, it agrees in

gender Gender is the range of social, psychological, cultural, and behavioral aspects of being a man (or boy), woman (or girl), or third gender. Although gender often corresponds to sex, a transgender person may identify with a gender other tha ...

and

number A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The most basic examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual numbers can ...

with the noun modified. Similarly, the participle agrees with the subject when it is used with ''ser'' to form the "true" ( dynamic)

passive voice A passive voice construction is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages. In a clause with passive voice, the grammatical subject expresses the ''theme'' or ''patient'' of the main verb – that is, the person or thing ...

(e.g. ''La carta fue escrita ayer'' 'The letter was written ot writtenyesterday.'), and also when it is used with ''estar'' to form a "passive of result", or stative passive (as in ''La carta ya está escrita'' 'The letter is already written.'). The pronouns ''yo, tú, vos,The pronoun ''vos'' and its verb forms are used in large areas of Central and South America for the second-person singular in the "familiar" or informal

register Register or registration may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music * Register (music), the relative "height" or range of a note, melody, part, instrument, etc. * ''Register'', a 2017 album by Travis Miller * Registration (organ), ...

, generally replacing (but in some areas coexisting with) ''tú''. In Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay it is used in the formal register (but the familiar or T form of address). See

Voseo In Spanish grammar, () is the use of as a grammatical person, second-person grammatical number, singular pronoun, along with its associated verbal forms, in certain regions where the language is spoken. In those regions it replaces , i.e. th ...

. él, nosotros, vosotrosThe second-person plural familiar pronoun ''vosotros'' / ''vosotras'' is used only in Spain (except for the Canary Islands) and

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. It has an area of . Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name refers to its location both near the Equ ...

; in the Americas its function is carried by ''ustedes''.'' and ''ellos'' are used to symbolise the three

persons A person (: people or persons, depending on context) is a being who has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such ...

and two

numbers A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The most basic examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual numbers can ...

. Note, however, that Spanish is a

pro-drop language A pro-drop language (from "pronoun-dropping") is a language in which certain classes of pronouns may be omitted when they can be pragmatically or grammatically inferable. The precise conditions vary from language to language, and can be quite ...

, and so it is the norm to omit subject pronouns when not needed for contrast or emphasis. The subject, if specified, can easily be something other than these pronouns. For example, ''él'', ''ella'', or ''usted'' can be replaced by a

noun phrase A noun phrase – or NP or nominal (phrase) – is a phrase that usually has a noun or pronoun as its head, and has the same grammatical functions as a noun. Noun phrases are very common cross-linguistically, and they may be the most frequently ...

, or the verb can appear with impersonal ''se'' and no subject (e.g. ''Aquí se vive bien'', 'One lives well here'). The first-person plural expressions ''nosotros'', ''nosotras'', ''tú y yo'', or ''él y yo'' can be replaced by a noun phrase that includes the speaker (e.g. ''Los estudiantes tenemos hambre'', 'We students are hungry'). The same comments hold for ''vosotros'' and ''ellos''.

Regular verbs

''-ar'' conjugation (''amar'', 'to love')

''-er'' conjugation (''temer'', 'to fear')

''-ir'' conjugation (''partir'', 'to split/depart')

Irregular verbs

''ser'', 'to be (in essence)'

This is an Oy-Yo verb. Stem: s-, fu-, er-, se-. There are two ways to say "To be" in Spanish: ''ser'' and ''estar''. They both mean "to be", but they are used in different ways. As a rule of thumb, ''ser'' is used to describe permanent or almost permanent conditions and ''estar'' to describe temporary ones.

''estar'', 'to be (in a state)'

This is an Oy-Yo verb. Stem: esta-, estoy, este-, estu- (a-u).

''haber'', 'to have (aux.)'

Stem: hab-, h-, habr-, hay-, hub- (a-u).

''tener'', 'to have (possession)'

This is a diphthonging G-Verb. Stem: te-, teng-, tie-, tu (e-u).

''ir'', 'to go'

This is an Oy-Yo verb. Stem: i-, y-, v-, fu-.

''conocer'', 'to know (to be acquainted with); to get acquainted with'

This is a Zc-verb.

''conducir'', 'to drive'

This is a -ducir verb.

References

External links

How is my Spanish: Spanish conjugation charts
Spanish conjugation chart. Chart to conjugate in 7 different Spanish tenses.
SpanishBoat: Verb conjugation worksheets in all Spanish tenses
Printable and online exercises for teachers and students...
Espagram: verb conjugator
Spanish verb conjugator. Contains about a million verb forms. {{DEFAULTSORT:Spanish Conjugation

Conjugation Conjugation or conjugate may refer to: Linguistics *Grammatical conjugation, the modification of a verb from its basic form *Emotive conjugation or Russell's conjugation, the use of loaded language Mathematics *Complex conjugation, the change o ...

Indo-European verbs