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This is a list of space travellers by first flight. The table is listed in chronological order from the date of first flight. The table adheres to a common definition of a space traveller; the
This is a list of space travellers by first flight. The table is listed in chronological order from the date of first flight. The table adheres to a common definition of a space traveller; the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
The World Air Sports Federation (; FAI) is the world governing body for air sports, and also stewards definitions regarding human spaceflight. It was founded on 14 October 1905, and is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. It maintains worl ...
criterion of achieving an altitude higher than , thereby crossing the FAI-defined Kármán line
The Kármán line (or von Kármán line ) is a conventional definition of the Outer space#Boundary, edge of space; it is widely but not universally accepted. The international record-keeping body Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, FAI ( ...
. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight
Human spaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight or crewed spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew. Spacecraft can also be ...
vary. Personnel who qualify only for the United States Astronaut Badge, awarded to those who achieve an altitude of , are listed at the X-15's highest flights and the VSS ''Unity'' test flights.
Space travellers
Table parameters
All entries are dated from launch time inCoordinated Universal Time
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time. It establishes a reference for the current time, forming the basis for civil time and time zones. UTC facilitates international communicat ...
(UTC), which on occasion is one day earlier than the local date of launches from sites in the Eastern Hemisphere
The Eastern Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and west of the antimeridian (which crosses the Pacific Ocean and relatively little land from pole to p ...
such as Baikonur
Baikonur ( ; ) is a city in Kazakhstan on the northern bank of the Syr Darya river. It is currently leased and administered by the Russian Federation as an enclave until 2050. It was constructed to serve the Baikonur Cosmodrome with adminis ...
and one day later than the local date of launches from sites in the Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and east of the 180th meridian.- The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. Geopolitically, ...
such as Cape Canaveral
Cape Canaveral () is a cape (geography), cape in Brevard County, Florida, in the United States, near the center of the state's Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. Officially Cape Kennedy from 1963 to 1973, it lies east of Merritt Island, separated ...
.
As a rule, dual nationals fly under a single flag when flying as professional spacecrew and/or when flying on government-operated spacecraft, and this is the flag they are listed under in the table. For the spaceflights of dual nationals who are private citizens flying on commercial spacecraft as ordinary passengers, the flags displayed are those of their countries of birth, unless the space traveller did not hold citizenship of that country and/or otherwise made clear (s)he intended to represent a different nationality.
Table
See also
*Human spaceflight
Human spaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight or crewed spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew. Spacecraft can also be ...
* List of astronauts by name
This is an alphabetical list of astronauts, people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft.
For a list of everyone who has flown in space, see List of space travelers by nam ...
* List of astronauts by nationality
* List of fully civilian crewed suborbital spaceflights
* List of fully civilian crewed orbital spaceflights
* List of space travelers by name
This is a list of space travellers by first flight. The table is listed in chronological order from the date of first flight. The table adheres to a common definition of a space traveller; the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale criter ...
* Spaceflight records
Records and firsts in spaceflight are broadly divided into crewed and uncrewed categories. Records involving animal spaceflight have also been noted in earlier experimental flights, typically to establish the feasibility of sending humans to ...
* Timeline of space travel by nationality
Since the first human spaceflight by the Soviet Union, citizens of 54 countries have flown in space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed. The list is based on the nationality of the person at the time of the launc ...
Notes
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Astronauts By First Flightfirst flight First Flight may refer to:
* Maiden flight, the first flight of a new aircraft type
* First Flight Airport, in North Carolina, United States
* First Flight High School, in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina
* ''First Flight'' (sculpture), a sculp ...