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Space domain awareness is the study and monitoring of satellites
United States Space Surveillance
{{Politics of outer space Space technology Surveillance Space debris
orbit
In celestial mechanics, an orbit (also known as orbital revolution) is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an ...
ing the Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to Planetary habitability, harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all ...
. It involves the detection, tracking, cataloging and identification of artificial objects, i.e. active/inactive satellite
A satellite or an artificial satellite is an object, typically a spacecraft, placed into orbit around a celestial body. They have a variety of uses, including communication relay, weather forecasting, navigation ( GPS), broadcasting, scient ...
s, spent rocket
A rocket (from , and so named for its shape) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using any surrounding air. A rocket engine produces thrust by reaction to exhaust expelled at high speed. Rocket engines work entirely ...
bodies, or fragmentation debris.
Aims
Space domain awareness accomplishes the following: * Predicting when and where a decaying space object will re-enter the Earth's atmosphere; * Preventing a returning space object, which toradar
Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance ('' ranging''), direction ( azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It is a radiodetermination method used to detect and track ...
looks like a missile, from triggering a false alarm in missile-attack warning sensors;
* Charting the present position of space objects and plot their anticipated orbital paths;
* Detecting new human-made objects in space;
* Producing a running catalogue of human-made space objects;
* Determining which country owns a re-entering space object;
* Informing countries whether or not objects may interfere with satellite
A satellite or an artificial satellite is an object, typically a spacecraft, placed into orbit around a celestial body. They have a variety of uses, including communication relay, weather forecasting, navigation ( GPS), broadcasting, scient ...
s and International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS) is a large space station that was Assembly of the International Space Station, assembled and is maintained in low Earth orbit by a collaboration of five space agencies and their contractors: NASA (United ...
orbits;
* Providing data for future anti-satellite weapons systems.
Systems
Systems include: * The DEEP-Sight prototype, designed by Deepinder Uppal on behalf of the Defense Innovation Unit, this system is designed to provide space domain awareness across a broad-spectrum of SDA use cases to Space Force, the United States Navy and PSRA (Public Satellite Research and Analysis) teams. * The United States Space Surveillance Network which has detectors such as the Space Fence (replacing the now defunct Air Force Space Surveillance System) and Space Surveillance Telescope * The Russian Centre for Outer Space Monitoring with facilities such as Okno and Krona and Sazhen-S, used to analyse the orbital parameters of space craft. * The French GRAVES (Grand Réseau Adapté à la Veille Spatiale) bi-static radar-based space surveillance system deploy by French Air Force * The European Space Situational Awareness Programme with multiple assets in its Space Surveillance and Tracking Segment * The Australian based Silentium Defence Oculus passive radar space observatory in Swan Reach, South Australia * The American National Reconnaissance Office's Silentbarker satellites
References
External links
United States Space Surveillance
{{Politics of outer space Space technology Surveillance Space debris