''Ulyanovsk'' ( rus, Улья́новск, p=ʊˈlʲjanəfsk), Soviet designation Project 1143.7, was a
fixed-wing
A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using Lift (force), aerodynamic lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotorcraft, rotary-wing aircraft (in which a Helicopter rotor, r ...
aircraft carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and hangar facilities for supporting, arming, deploying and recovering carrier-based aircraft, shipborne aircraft. Typically it is the ...
laid down on 25 November 1988 as the first of a class of Soviet
nuclear-powered
Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced b ...
supercarriers. It was intended for the first time to offer true
blue water
Maritime geography is a collection of terms used by naval military units to loosely define three maritime regions: brown water, green water, and blue water.
Definitions
The elements of maritime geography are loosely defined and their meanings hav ...
naval aviation
Naval aviation / Aeronaval is the application of Military aviation, military air power by Navy, navies, whether from warships that embark aircraft, or land bases.
It often involves ''navalised aircraft'', specifically designed for naval use.
Seab ...
capability for the
Soviet Navy
The Soviet Navy was the naval warfare Military, uniform service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces. Often referred to as the Red Fleet, the Soviet Navy made up a large part of the Soviet Union's strategic planning in the event of a conflict with t ...
. The ship would have been equipped with
steam catapults that could launch fully loaded aircraft, representing a major advance over the , which could only launch less-loaded aircraft from their
ski-jumps. However, construction of ''Ulyanovsk'' was stopped at about 40% after the
dissolution of the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration No. 142-N of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. Declaration No. 142-Н of ...
in 1991.
[Culp, Wesley. “The Soviets Tried and Failed to Build a Nuclear-Powered Aircraft Carrier to Match US Flattops.” Business Insider, 8 June 2022, https://www.businessinsider.com/the-soviets-tried-failed-to-build-nuclear-powered-aircraft-carrier-2022-6. ]
History
Background
The
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
's Nevsky Engineering Design Bureau developed the third-generation
heavy aircraft cruiser ''
Kuznetsov'' with
Su-33
The Sukhoi Su-33 (-33; NATO reporting name: Flanker-D) is a Soviet/Russian all-weather Carrier-based aircraft, carrier-based twinjet, twin-engine air superiority fighter designed by Sukhoi and manufactured by Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Produ ...
in the 1980s (Plan 1143.5/Order 105) and the
''Varyag'' aircraft carrier (Plan 1143.6/Order 106), at the same time, in December 1984, the construction of the fourth-generation large-scale nuclear-powered heavy aircraft cruiser began. The plan number was "Plan 1143.7", and the preliminary design was completed in 1986. On November 25, 1988, construction for "Order 107" ― named ''Ulyanovsk'' ― officially began at the
Black Sea Shipyard.
To this end, the Soviet government allocated funds to carry out the second large-scale technical transformation of the Black Sea Shipyard, including:
* the construction of an assembly and welding workshop, allowing the hull to be increased in sections to 200 tons;
* a 350-ton self-propelled flatbed truck;
* a transport lane from the new workshop to the slipway;
* the length of No. 0 slipway was lengthened by 30 meters;
* a horizontal slipway-side platform with a total weight of 1,700 tons;
* installing a slipway and slipway-side platform;
* two new gantry cranes each with a lifting capacity of 900 tons, and other new cranes, bringing the number of cranes used on the entire slipway to ten;
* a river channel to ensure that the ''Ulyanovsk'' would be able to go to sea in the future.
Ending
Due to the
dissolution of the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration No. 142-N of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. Declaration No. 142-Н of ...
, the amount of funding to complete the carrier was insufficient, and the aircraft carrier construction plan was suspended. As of November 1991, Ulyanovsk was only 40% complete.
The No. 2 ship "Plan 1143.8" originally planned to be built was also cancelled at the same time.
Design

''Ulyanovsk'' was based upon the 1975
Project 1153 Orel, which did not get beyond blueprints. The initial commissioned name was to be ''Kremlin'', but was later given the name ''Ulyanovsk''
after the Soviet city of
Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk,, , known as Simbirsk until 1924, is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River east of Moscow. Ulyanovsk has been the only Russian UNESCO Ci ...
, which was originally named Simbirsk but later renamed after
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of ...
's original name because he was born there.
It would have been 85,000
tonne
The tonne ( or ; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI. It is also referred to as a metric ton in the United States to distinguish it from the non-metric units of the s ...
s in
displacement
Displacement may refer to:
Physical sciences
Mathematics and physics
*Displacement (geometry), is the difference between the final and initial position of a point trajectory (for instance, the center of mass of a moving object). The actual path ...
(larger than the older carriers but smaller than contemporary of the
U.S. Navy). ''Ulyanovsk'' would have been able to launch the full range of fixed-wing carrier aircraft, as it was equipped with two
catapults as well as a
ski jump
Ski jumping is a winter sport in which competitors aim to achieve the farthest jump after sliding down on their skis from a specially designed curved ramp. Along with jump length, competitor's aerial style and other factors also affect the fin ...
. The configuration would have been very similar to U.S. Navy carriers though with the typical Soviet practice of adding
anti-ship missile
An anti-ship missile (AShM or ASM) is a guided missile that is designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. ...
(ASM) and
surface-to-air missile
A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground or the sea to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-ai ...
(SAM) launchers. Its
hull was laid down in 1988, but construction was cancelled at 40% complete in January 1991 and a planned second unit was never laid down.
In accordance with Decree No. 69-R of February 4, 1992, signed by the
First Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine Kostyantyn Masyk, on February 5, 1992, scrapping of the ship's hull structures began. By October 29, 1992, the slipway was free, and the ship (order 107) had ceased to exist.
Air group
The ''Ulyanovsk'' air group was to include 68 aircraft with the following planned composition:
* 44 fighter aircraft, combination of
Sukhoi Su-33
The Sukhoi Su-33 (-33; NATO reporting name: Flanker-D) is a Soviet/Russian all-weather carrier-based twin-engine air superiority fighter designed by Sukhoi and manufactured by Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association, derived f ...
(Su-27K) and
Mikoyan MiG-29K fighters
* 6
Yakovlev Yak-44 RLD
airborne early warning aircraft
* 16
Kamov Ka-27 anti-submarine warfare
Anti-submarine warfare (ASW, or in the older form A/S) is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, submarines, or other platforms, to find, track, and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines. Such operations ar ...
helicopters
* 2
Ka-27PS air-sea rescue
Air-sea rescue (ASR or A/SR, also known as sea-air rescue), and aeronautical and maritime search and rescue (AMSAR) by the ICAO and International Maritime Organization, IMO, is the coordinated search and rescue (SAR) of the survivors of emergenc ...
helicopters
The ship was to be equipped with two "Mayak"
steam catapults made by the
Proletarian Factory in Leningrad, a ski-jump, and four
arresting gear. For storing aircraft, it was to have a 175×32×7.9-m hangar deck with aircraft elevated to the
flight deck
The flight deck of an aircraft carrier is the surface on which its aircraft take off and land, essentially a miniature airfield at sea. On smaller naval ships which do not have aviation as a primary mission, the landing area for helicopters ...
by three elevators with carrying capacities of 50 tons (two on the
starboard
Port and starboard are Glossary of nautical terms (M-Z), nautical terms for watercraft and spacecraft, referring respectively to the left and right sides of the vessel, when aboard and facing the Bow (watercraft), bow (front).
Vessels with bil ...
side and one on the port). The
stern
The stern is the back or aft-most part of a ship or boat, technically defined as the area built up over the sternpost, extending upwards from the counter rail to the taffrail. The stern lies opposite the bow, the foremost part of a ship. O ...
was intended to house the "Luna" optical landing guidance system.
See also
*
List of ships of the Soviet Navy
This is a list of ships and classes of the Soviet Navy.
Soviet Ship Type Designations
Corvettes / MPK, MRK
In the Soviet Navy these were classified as small anti-submarine ships (MPK) or small missile ships (MRK).
* (Projects 122A, 122bis ...
*
List of ships of Russia by project number
*
Project 23000 aircraft carrier
References
;Citations
;Bibliography
*
External links
Hazegray.org entry
GlobalSecurity.org.
Robin J. Lee.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ulyanovsk
Aircraft carriers of the Soviet Navy
Ships built at the Black Sea Shipyard
Ships built in the Soviet Union
Cancelled aircraft carriers
Abandoned military projects of the Soviet Union
Abandoned military projects of Russia