''Sorgenfreispira brachystoma'' is a species of

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

, a marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2015). Sorgenfreispira brachystoma (Philippi, 1844). In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=847930 on 2017-03-12 The subspecies ''Sorgenfreispira brachystoma africana'' Ardovini, 2004 has become a synonym of '' Sorgenfreispira africana'' Ardovini, 2004

Description

The shell size varies between 4 mm and 7 mm. The turreted shell is slightly, narrowly shouldered, with 7-9 narrow ribs extending from the shoulder to the base, and wider interspaces. The whole surface covered with revolving striae. Their interaction with the growth lines produce prominent, scale-like tubercles. The prominent subsutural band is narrow with a beaded ridge below the suture. The

aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...

is elongate-oval with an anal sinus and a short, wide siphonal canal. The color of the shell is yellowish white, orange or occasionally deep reddish brown. Paler specimens are sometimes indistinctly brown-banded below the periphery.

Distribution

This species occurs on sand and sandy muddy bottom at depths between 4 m to 60 m in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean off

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...

, in the North Sea off the

British Isles The British Isles are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner Hebrides, Inner and Outer Hebr ...

, in the Atlantic Ocean off

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

and

West Africa West Africa, also known as Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations geoscheme for Africa#Western Africa, United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Gha ...

, and in the

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Eur ...

and the

Adriatic Sea The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Se ...

. Fossils have been found in various

Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch (geology), epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.33 to 2.58Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( ; referred to colloquially as the ''ice age, Ice Age'') is the geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fin ...

strata in England, France, Spain and Italy.CHIRLI C., RICHARD C., 2008. L''es mollusques plaisanciens de la Côte d'Azur.'' Devaye Imprimeurs, Cannes, 128 pp

References

Philippi, R. A. (1844). Enumeratio molluscorum Siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium, quae in itinere suo observavit. Volumen secundum continens addenda et emendanda, nec non comparationem faunae recentis Siciliae cum faunis aliarum terrarum et com fauna periodi tertiariae. Eduard Anton, Halle [Halis Saxorum]. iv+303: 13-28
* Locard A. (1897-1898). ''Expéditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les années 1880, 1881, 1882 et 1883. Mollusques testacés''.. Paris, Masson vol. 1 897 p. 1-516 pl. 1-22 vol. 2 898 p. 517-1044 pl. 23-40: page(s): p. 227-228, pl. 11 fig. 27-32 * Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). ''The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods.'' Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. . 627 pp * de Kluijver, M.J.; Ingalsuo, S.S.; de Bruyne, R.H. (2000). ''Macrobenthos of the North Sea'' D-ROM 1. Keys to Mollusca and Brachiopoda. World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series. Expert Center for Taxonomic Identification (ETI): Amsterdam, the Netherlands. * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). ''Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

External links

Della Bella G., Naldi F. & Scarponi D. (2015). ''Molluschi marini del Plio-Pleistocene dell'Emilia-Romagna e della Toscana - Superfamiglia Conoidea, vol. 4, Mangeliidae II''. Lavori della Società Italiana di Malacologia. 26: 1-80

Mariottini P., Di Giulio A., Smriglio C. & Oliverio M. (2015). ''Additional notes on the systematics and new records of East Atlantic species of the genus Sorgenfreispira Moroni, 1979 (Gastropoda Mangeliidae)''. Biodiversity Journal. 6(1): 431-440
* *
Paolo Mariottini, Andrea Di Giulio, Carlo Smriglio, Marco Oliverio (2008), ''Notes on the Bela brachystoma Complex, with Description of a New Species (Mollusca, Gastropoda: Conidae)''; Aldrovandia 4 2008 3-20

MNHN, Paris: holotype
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3137725 brachystoma Taxa named by Rodolfo Amando Philippi