The Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture was an

Early Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

archaeological culture An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between thes ...

in the Central Danube Carpathian Region. This culture occurred in parallel with the Makó-Kosihy-Čaka cultural group. The period of its development covers the entire Early Bronze Age, from 2300/2200 BC to 1700/1600 BC ( calibrated years). This culture occurs throughout most of

Transdanubia Transdanubia ( ; , or ', ) is a traditional region of Hungary. It is also referred to as Hungarian Pannonia, or Pannonian Hungary. Administrative divisions Traditional interpretation The borders of Transdanubia are the Danube River (north and ...

, stretching beyond the

Sava River The Sava, is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. From its source in Slovenia it flows through Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finally reaches Serbia, fee ...

in the south, encompassing a large part of

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

and

South Moravia The South Moravian Region (; , ; ), or just South Moravia, is an Regions of the Czech Republic, administrative unit () of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, th ...

, eastern

Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...

and

Montenegro , image_flag = Flag of Montenegro.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg , coa_size = 80 , national_motto = , national_anthem = () , image_map = Europe-Mont ...

, reaching as far as the

Adriatic coast The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to ...

. It was preceded by the

Vučedol culture The Vučedol culture (Croatian: ''Vučedolska kultura'') flourished between 3000 and 2200 BC (the Chalcolithic period of earliest copper-smithing and arsenical bronze-smithing), centered in Syrmia and eastern Slavonia on the right bank of the Dan ...

. The end of this culture is not clear. According to N. Tasic, its decline would fall in the early stage of the development of the

Encrusted Pottery culture The Encrusted Pottery culture was an archaeological culture of the Early to Middle Bronze Age (c. 2000-1400 BC) originating in the Transdanubian region of western Hungary. It emerged from the Kisapostag culture, which was preceded by the Som ...

and the

Vatin culture The Vatin culture ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Ватинска култура, Vatinska kultura or sr-Cyrl-Latn, label=none, Ватинска група, Vatinska grupa) is a name of a prehistoric Bronze Age culture, which was named after Vatin, a village ...

. This is based on the presence of pottery typical of the population of the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture in the inventories of the groups mentioned.

Genetic profile

At Balatonkeresztúr-Réti-dűlő

necropolis A necropolis (: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek ''nekropolis'' (). The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distan ...

only one burial can be associated with this archaeological culture according to its 14C date (2560-2290 cal BCE). The individual buried there was lying on his back and with the knees and head on the left side, oriented North/Northeast to South/Southwest. His

Y-DNA The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms. Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is the sex-determining chromosome because the presence of the Y ...

belonged to halplogroup R-M417. Further examination confirmed negative placement under haplogroup R1a-V2670. The sample now on Y-Full is confirmed basal. His

mitochondrial DNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondrion, mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the D ...

matched haplogroup K1a3a. His

autosomal DNA An autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. The members of an autosome pair in a diploid cell have the same morphology, unlike those in allosomal (sex chromosome) pairs, which may have different structures. The DNA in autosomes i ...

composition was 17% hunter-gatherer, 40% European farmer, and 43% steppe ancestry. Some of his phenotypical traits were blond hair and blue eyes.

Bibliography

*
''A Game of Clans''
Carlos Quilles, Academia Prisca, 2019 * ''Kultury z przełomu eneolitu i epoki brązu w strefie karpackiej'', Jan Machnik, Zakład narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Wrocław 1987 * ''Stary i nowy świat (Od „rewolucji” neolitycznej do podbojów Aleksandra Wielkiego)'', pod red. Joachima Śliwy, Świat Książki, Fogra Oficyna Wydawnicza, Kraków 2005 * ''Die Vinkovci-Kultur, eine neue Kultur der Frühbronzezeit in Syrmien und Slawonien'', N. Tasic, Archeologia Jugoslavica, t IX, 1968 * ''Geschichte der frühen und mittleren Bronzezeit in Ungarn und im mittleren Donauraum'', I. Bóna, Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapesteniensis de Rolando Eötvös Nominatae, Sectio Historica, t. III, Budapest, 1961, s. 3-22 * ''Arheološka iskopavanja na području Vinkovačkog muzeja, rezultati 1957-1965'', S. Dimitrijević, Acta Musei, Cibalensis, t. I, Vinkovci 1966

References

{{Archaeology-stub Bronze Age cultures of Europe Archaeological cultures of Europe Archaeological cultures in Croatia Archaeological cultures in Hungary Archaeological cultures in the Czech Republic Archaeological cultures in Serbia Archaeological cultures in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Genetic profile

Bibliography

Further reading

References