The Somalia–Somaliland border (; ) is the disputed border between

Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...

and the self-declared sovereign state of

Somaliland Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is an List of states with limited recognition, unrecognised country in the Horn of Africa. It is located in the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, E ...

. It is an international border that separates two countries, while the Somali government and most other countries refer to it as the "Administrative Boundary Line". The government of Somaliland regards itself as the successor of the independent

State of Somaliland Somaliland, officially the State of Somaliland (), was an independent country in the territory of the present-day unilaterally declared Republic of Somaliland, which regards itself as its legal successor. It existed on the territory of former ...

, united in 1960 with the

Trust Territory of Somaliland The Trust Territory of Somaliland, officially the Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian Administration (), was a United Nations Trust Territory from 1950 to 1960, following the dissolution of the former British Military Administration. I ...

.Encyclopædia Britannica, ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'', (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.835

History

Anglo-Italian Boundary Treaty era (1894 and 1960)

In May 1894, the border between

and

was demarcated by the Anglo-Italian. Officially implemented in 1929, it extends along longitude 49 (49E), from the Gulf of Aden to 9°N latitude, and then diagonally across the intersection of longitude 48 (48E) and 8N latitude. West along 8N latitude which is the beginning of the border between

and

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

. The names of the villages that are close to the border: *A1 Hills (A1 Mado) *Bunda Ziada *Bosaso or Bender Casim (Italian) *Hegligab (Higle-Gab) *Sorl Hand *Darror *Hauratiroh *Marojeh *Khumberl (E1 Gumbuhul) *Hobat *Dugaan *E1 Dibr *Galweineh *Darado *Wareigleh

Restoration of sovereignty (1991)

After a long

war of independence Wars of national liberation, also called wars of independence or wars of liberation, are conflicts fought by nations to gain independence. The term is used in conjunction with wars against foreign powers (or at least those perceived as foreign) ...

with the

Siad Barre Mohammed Siad Barre (, Osmanya script: , ''Muhammad Ziād Barīy''; 6 October 1919 – 2 January 1995) was a Somali military officer, politician, and revolutionary who served as the third president of Somalia from 21 October 1969 to 26 Janu ...

regime, in 1991,

regained sovereignty from

Somali Democratic Republic The Somali Democratic Republic (; , ; ) was a socialist state in Somalia that existed from 1969 to 1991. Established in October 1969, the Somali Democratic Republic emerged following a 1969 Somali coup d'état, coup d'état led by Major General ...

, which is not recognized by the Somali government. According to the

constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these pri ...

voted for by the people of Somaliland, the border between

and

is the border of the

which gained independence on May 26, 1960.

Disputed territory

The

Puntland Puntland is an autonomous state that considers itself to be part of Somalia, despite not accepting the legitimacy of Somalia's current governing administration. It was formed in 1998, and was a federal member state of Somalia from its fou ...

state disputes the Sool and Sanaag regions, as well as parts of Togdheer.

Historical maps

Historical maps of the border from north to south in the

International Map of the World The International Map of the World (IMW; also the Millionth Map of the World, after its scale of 1:1000000) was a project to create a complete map of the world according to internationally agreed standards. It was first proposed by the German g ...

. Somalia Italia and

"> Somaliland. Anglo-Italian Boundary Commission 1929-1930. Index to Field sheets etc. War Office ledger (WOOS-33-1).jpg, full limits Somaliland. Anglo-Italian Boundary Commission 1929-1930. Indexes to Block plots and Master grids War Office ledger (WOOS-33-4-1).jpg Somaliland. Anglo-Italian Boundary Commission 1929-1930. Indexes to Photo-runs War Office ledger (WOOS-33-3-2).jpg Somaliland. Anglo-Italian Boundary Commission 1929-1930. Indexes to Block plots and Master grids War Office ledger (WOOS-33-4-2).jpg Somaliland. Anglo-Italian Boundary Commission 1929-1930. Indexes to Photo-runs War Office ledger (WOOS-33-3-4).jpg Somaliland. Anglo-Italian Boundary Commission 1929-1930. Indexes to Block plots and Master grids War Office ledger (WOOS-33-4-3).jpg Somaliland. Anglo-Italian Boundary Commission 1929-1930. Indexes to Block plots and Master grids War Office ledger (WOOS-33-4-5).jpg

References