Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM, , ) was a major

Political Politics () is the set of activities that are associated with decision-making, making decisions in social group, groups, or other forms of power (social and political), power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of Social sta ...

and

Military A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a d ...

faction during the early years of the

Somali Civil War The Somali Civil War (; ) is an List of ongoing armed conflicts, ongoing civil war that is taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the military junta which was led by Siad Barre during the 1980s. From 1988 to 1990, the Somali Armed ...

. It was founded and commanded by

Colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...

Shukri Wayrah Kariye, and Colonel Ahmed Omar jees in 1993, He was succeeded by Major General Ahmed Omar jees and his deputy Major General Gen.Doolal. The group was based in what is presently

Jubaland Jubaland (; ; ), or the Juba Valley (), is a States and regions of Somalia, Federal Member State in southern Somalia. Its eastern border lies no more than east of the Jubba River, stretching from Dolow to the Indian Ocean, while its western si ...

region.

History

The organization was founded by a group of disaffected senior military officers, primarily from the

Ogaden Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled ''Ogadēn''; , ) is one of the historical names used for the modern Somali Region. It is also natively referred to as Soomaali Galbeed (). The region forms the eastern portion of Ethiopia and borders Somalia ...

and

Absame The Darod (, ) is a Somali clan. The forefather of this clan is Sheikh Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, more commonly known as Darod. The clan primarily settles the apex of the Horn of Africa and its peripheries, the Somali hinterlands adjacent ...

, led by Col. Bililiqo. The initial area of operations centered on the

region and the Kenyan border (Middle and Lower Juba). They were early allies of the

United Somali Congress The United Somali Congress (USC, ) was one of the major rebel organizations in Somalia. Formed in 1989, it played a leading role in the ouster of the government of Siad Barre in 1991. Following infighting, the USC later splintered into two win ...

(USC) in operations against the regime of

Siad Barre Mohammed Siad Barre (, Osmanya script: , ''Muhammad Ziād Barīy''; 6 October 1919 – 2 January 1995) was a Somali military officer, politician, and revolutionary who served as the third president of Somalia from 21 October 1969 to 26 Janu ...

. A key accomplishment was the seizure of the highly strategic Baledogle Airbase in the days prior to Barre's flight from Mogadishu.The Liberation Movements of Somalia
Jack L. Davies, 27 August 1994 However, after Barre's flight, when

Ali Mahdi Ali Mahdi Muhammad (, ) (1 January 1939 – 10 March 2021) was a Somali entrepreneur and politician. He served as President of Somalia from 26 January 1991 to 27 August 2000. The Cairo Agreement in December 1997 designated Ali Mahdi as president ...

's Manifesto Group announced the formation of an "interim government" without consulting SPM leadership, a crisis ensued. After fighting broke out between the Manifesto Group supporters and the SPM, the SPM was accused of suddenly reversing direction and allied itself with Barre, who was seeking to reestablish his regime. This reversal was angrily resisted by many of the original Ogadeni, who split off into their own faction. The SPM thus sundered into two tribal-oriented factions: * SPM

, or SPM-SNA, under Ahmed Omar Jess and Gedi Ugas Madhar * SPM

Harti Harti () is a Somali clan that traces its lineage back to Saleh Abdi Harti. They are a sub-clan of the larger Darod clan. Notable sub-clans within Harti include the Majeerteen, Warsangali, Warsengeli, Dishishe, and the Dhulbahante. They predomi ...

, under Chairman Aden Abdillahi Nur "Gabyow" (himself from Ogaden's

Absame clan The Darod (, ) is a Somali clan. The forefather of this clan is Sheikh Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, more commonly known as Darod. The clan primarily settles the apex of the Horn of Africa and its peripheries, the Somali hinterlands adjacent ...

) and General Mohamed Siad Hersi "Morgan" (Militia Commander) On August 12, 1992, the SPM mainly Absame faction joined General Aidid to form the

Somali National Alliance The Somali National Alliance (abbreviated SNA) was a major politico-military faction formed on 16 June 1992 by four different rebel groups that had been in opposition to the regime of former President Mohamed Siad Barre. The SNA was among the f ...

. The SPM fractured along tribal lines, and massacres and

ethnic cleansing Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous. Along with direct removal such as deportation or population transfer, it ...

began between the two rival factions, as well as their external enemies. In 1998, the SPM (Harti/Absame) under General "Morgan", based out of Kismayo, founded the autonomous state of

. They were strenuously opposed by the Allied Somali Forces, which later became the

Juba Valley Alliance The Juba Valley Alliance (JVA; Somali: ''Isbahaysiga Dooxada Jubba'') is a political faction of the Somali Civil War. It was the primary opponent of the Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM) and the Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council (SRR ...

. The SPM and ASF/JVA contended over the control of south Somalia until the JVA proved victorious, driving General "Morgan" into exile.

External links

Aden Abdullahi Nur Gabyow

References

Political parties in Somalia Political parties established in 1989 Factions in the Somali Civil War 1989 establishments in Somalia {{Paramilitary-org-stub

History

See also

External links

References