''Solaropsis'', also known by the
common name
In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often con ...
sundial snails or sun snails, is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of air-breathing
land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...
s,
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...
pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group inclu ...
gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the family
Solaropsidae
Solaropsidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant spe ...
.
[MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Solaropsis H. Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=870601 on 2021-02-07]
Distribution
Distribution of ''Solaropsis'' include:
Central America:
* Costa Rica
South America:
*
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...
*
Bolivia
Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...
* Guyana
*
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
* northeastern
Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
Species
Species within the genus ''Solaropsis'' include:
*''
Solaropsis alcobacensis'' Salvador & Simone, 2015
* ''
Solaropsis amazonica'' (Pfeiffer, 1854)
[ Salgado N. C. & Coelho A. C. S. (2003). "Moluscos terrestres do Brasil (Gastrópodes operculados ou não, exclusive Veronicellidae, Milacidae e Limacidae)". ''Rev. Biol. Trop.'' 51(Suppl. 3): 149-189. (with English abstract)]
PDF
.
* ''
Solaropsis andicola''
L. Pfeiffer[Schileyko A. A. (2006). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 13. Helicidae, Pleurodontidae, Polygyridae, Ammonitellidae, Oreohelicidae, Thysanophoridae". ''Ruthenica'' Suppl. 2: 1765-1906. pages 1840-1843.]
* ''
Solaropsis anguicula''
(Hupé, 1853)
* ''
Solaropsis angulifera''
F. Haas, 1955
* ''
Solaropsis anomala''
Pilsbry, 1957
* ''
Solaropsis bachi''
Ihering, 1900
* ''
Solaropsis brasiliana''
(Deshayes, 1831)
* ''
Solaropsis caperata''
F. S. Silva, Mendes-Júnior & Simone, 2022
* ''
Solaropsis castelnaudii''
(Hupé & Deville, 1850)
* ''
Solaropsis catenifera''
L. Pfeiffer, 1854
* ''
Solaropsis cearana''
(F. Baker, 1914)
* ''
Solaropsis chicomendesi''
Cuezzo & I. Fernández, 2001
* ''
Solaropsis cicatricata''
Beck, 1837
* ''
Solaropsis cousini''
Jousseaume, 1887
* ''
Solaropsis derbyi''
(Ihering, 1900)
* ''
Solaropsis diplogonia''
(Dohrn, 1882)
* ''
Solaropsis elaps''
Dohrn, 1882
* ''
Solaropsis fairchildi''
Bequaert & Clench, 1938
* ''
Solaropsis feisthameli''
(Hupé, 1853)
* ''
Solaropsis gibboni''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)
* ''
Solaropsis heliaca''
(d’Orbigny, 1835)
* ''
Solaropsis incarum''
(Philippi, 1869)
* ''
Solaropsis inornata''
Haas, 1951
* ''
Solaropsis johnsoni''
Pilsbry, 1933
* ''
Solaropsis juruana''
(Ihering, 1905)
* ''
Solaropsis leopoldina''
(Strubel, 1895)
* ''
Solaropsis marmatensis'' L. Pfeiffer
* ''
Solaropsis monile''
(Broderip, 1832)
* ''
Solaropsis monolacca''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1857)
* ''
Solaropsis nimbus''
(Simone, 2010)
* ''
Solaropsis nubeculata''
(Deshayes, 1831)
* ''
Solaropsis palizae''
Weyrauch, 1956
* ''
Solaropsis pascalia''
(Cailliaud, 1857)
* ''
Solaropsis pellisboae''
(Hupé, 1853)
* ''
Solaropsis penthesileae''
Salvador, 2021
* ''
Solaropsis pilsbryi''
Ihering, 1900
* ''
Solaropsis pizarro''
(Pilsbry, 1944)
* ''
Solaropsis planior''
(Pilsbry, 1889)
* ''
Solaropsis praestans''
L. Pfeiffer, 1854
* ''
Solaropsis punctata''
(Wagner, 1827)
* ''
Solaropsis rosarium''
(Pfeiffer, 1849)
* ''
Solaropsis rugifera''
Dohrn, 1882
* ''
Solaropsis selenostoma''
L. Pfeiffer, 1854
* ''
Solaropsis serpens''
(Spix, 1827)
* ''
Solaropsis tiloriensis''
(Angas, 1879)
* ''
Solaropsis trigonostoma''
Haas, 1934
* ''
Solaropsis undata''
(Lightfoot, 1786)
* ''Solaropsis undata''
F. Haas, 1966 (homonymy: a secondary junior homonym of ''Solaropsis undata''
( ightfoot 1786). There is no recognized synonym or substitute name available, and a replacement name may be necessary if the species is confirmed to be valid).
* ''
Solaropsis venezuelensis''
Preston, 1909
* ''
Solaropsis vipera''
(Pfeiffer, 1859)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Solaropsis catenulata''
(Ancey, 1890): synonym of ''Solaropsis marmatensis''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1855)
* * ''Solaropsis kuhni'' ''L. Pfeiffer'':
synonym of ''Solaropsis nubeculata''
(Deshayes, 1831)
* ''Solaropsis paravicinii''
Ancey, 1897: synonym of ''Solaropsis heliaca''
(d'Orbigny, 1835)
* ''Solaropsis pellisserpentis''
Chemnitz:
synonym of ''Solaropsis undata''
( ightfoot 1786)
Ecology
''Solaropsis'' lives in
rain forest
Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree Canopy (biology), canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforests can be generally classified as tropi ...
s.
''Solaropsis'' aff. ''fairchildi'' has been found to feed on flesh meat in the laboratory.
[Oliveira L. E. (2010). "Carnivory in ''Solaropsis'' aff. ''fairchildi'' (Gastropoda, Solaropsidae)". ''Strombus'' 17(2): 12-13]
abstract
References
* Pilsbry, H. A. (1926). The land mollusks of the Republic of Panama and the Canal Zone. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 78: 57–126, plates 9–10.
* Pilsbry, H. A. (1933). Zoological results of the Matto Grosso expedition to Brazil in 1931,-II. Mollusca. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 85: 67-76 + 1 plate.
* Weyrauch, W.K. (1956). Neue Landschnecken aus Peru. Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 85 (4/6): 145–164, pl. 11. Frankfurt am Main.
* Cuezzo M. G. (2002). "On ''Solaropsis'' Beck: New anatomical data and its systematic position within Helicoidea (Pulmonata, Stylomatophora)". ''Papeis avulsos de Zool.'', São Paulo 42(3): 31–46.
* Simone, L. R. L. (2010). A new genus and species of camaenid from the Amazon Rainforest, Brazil (Pulmonata, Helicoidea). Journal of Conchology. 40(2): 149-161
External links
Beck, H. (1837-1838). Index molluscorum praesentis aevi musei principis augustissimi Christiani Frederici. 124 pp. Hafniae Wagner, J. A. (1827). Testacea fluviatilia quae in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (1817-1820) jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae Regis augustissimi suscepto, collegit et pingenda curavit Dr. J. B. de Spix (...), digessit, descripsit et observationibus illustravit Dr. J. A. Wagner. Munich: C. Wolf. pp. i-iv, 1-36, plates 1-29.Miller, K. (1878). Die Binnenmollusken von Ecuador. Malakozoologische Blätter. 25: 153-199Breure, A. S. H. & Araujo, R. (2017). The Neotropical land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) collected by the “Comisión Científica del Pacífico.”. PeerJ. 5, e3065.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7557070
Pleurodontidae
Gastropod genera