Soft-winged Flower Beetle

Melyridae (common name: soft-winged flower beetles) are a family of beetles of the superfamily Cleroidea.

Description

Most are elongate-oval, soft-bodied beetles 10 mm long or less. Many are brightly patterned in black and brown, yellow, or red. Some melyrids ( Malachiinae) have peculiar orange structures along the sides of the abdomen, which may be everted and saclike or withdrawn into the body and inconspicuous. Some melyrids have the two basal antennomeres greatly enlarged. Most adults and larvae are predaceous, but many are common on flowers. The most common North American species belong to the genus ''Collops'' ( Malachiinae); ''C. quadrimaculatus'' is reddish, with two bluish black spots on each elytron.

Four New Guinean species of '' Choresine'' (the more abundant '' C. pulchra'', the less abundant '' C. semiopaca'' and the two infrequent '' C. rugiceps'' and '' C. sp. A'', the latter as yet unnamed) have been found to contain batrachotoxins, which may account for the toxicity of some birds such as the blue-capped ifrit and hooded pitohui which eat them. The hypothesis that ''Phyllobates'' frogs in South America obtain batrachotoxins from related genera of the Melyridae (''Choresine'' does not occur there) has not been tested due to the difficulty of field-work in Colombia.John P. Dumbacher, Avit Wako, Scott R. Derrickson, Allan Samuelson, Thomas F. Spande, John W. Daly (2004):
Melyrid beetles (Choresine): A putative source for the batrachotoxin alkaloids found in poison-dart frogs and toxic passerine birds
'. The National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 101 no. 45, 15857-15860

Evolutionary history

The oldest fossil of the family are '' Sinomelyris'' and '' Juraniscus'' from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Daohugou bed in Inner Mongolia, China. The oldest member of Dasytinae is '' Protodasytes'' from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) aged Charentese amber of France.

Distribution

The family Melyridae contains over 100 genera worldwide, with ~520 species in 48 genera in North America, and 16 genera in Europe; the largest diversity is in dry temperate regions.

Subfamilies

Various authorities have, at times, treated each of the presently-recognized subfamilies as families, and a few tribes have been accorded family status, as well (e.g., "Attalomimidae"). The family Mauroniscidae was removed from Melyridae in 1995, and Rhadalidae in 2019.Gimmel M.L., Bocakova M., Gunter N.L., Leschen R.A.B. (2019) Comprehensive phylogeny of the Cleroidea (Coleoptera: Cucujiformia). ''Systematic Entomology'' 44: 527-558.

* Dasytinae Laporte de Castelnau, 1840
* Malachiinae Fleming, 1821
* Melyrinae Leach, 1815

Selected genera

* '' Ablechrus'' Waterhouse, 1877
* '' Amauronia'' Westwood, 1839
* '' Amecocerus'' Solier 1849
* '' Anthocomus'' Erichson, 1840
* '' Anthodromius'' Redtenbacher, 1850
* '' Anthomalachius'' Tshernyshev, 2009
* '' Apalochrus'' Erichson, 1840
* '' Arthrobrachus'' Solier, 1849
* '' Astylus'' Laporte, 1836
* '' Asydates'' Casey, 1895
* ''Attalus'' Erichson, 1840
* '' Attalusinus'' Leng, 1918
* '' Axinotarsus'' Motschulsky, 1854
* '' Balanophorus'' MacLeay, 1872
* '' Byturosomus'' Motschoulsky, 1859
* '' Carphuroides'' Champion, 1923
* '' Carphurus'' Erichson, 1840
* '' Cerallus'' Jacquelin Du Val, 1859
* '' Cerapheles'' Mulsant & Rey, 1867
* '' Ceratistes'' Fischer von Waldheim, 1844
* '' Chaetocoelus'' Leconte, 1880
* '' Chalchas'' Blanchard, 1845
* '' Charopus'' Erichson, 1840
* '' Clanoptilus'' Motschulsky, 1854
* ''Collops'' Erichson, 1840
* ''Colotes'' Erichson 1840
* '' Condylops'' Redtenbacher, 1849
* '' Cordylepherus'' Evers, 1985
* '' Cradytes'' Casey, 1895
* '' Cyrtosus'' Motschulsky, 1854
* '' Danacea'' Laporte, 1838
* '' Dasytastes'' Casey, 1895
* '' Dasytellus'' Casey, 1895
* '' Dasytes'' Casey, 1895
* '' Dasytidius'' Schilsky, 1896
* '' Dicranolaius'' Champion, 1921
* '' Divales'' Laporte de Castelnau, 1836
* '' Dolichophron'' Kiesenwetter, 1867
* '' Dolichosoma'' Stephens, 1830
* '' Ebaeus'' Erichson, 1840
* '' Enallonyx'' Wolcott, 1944
* '' Endeodes'' LeConte, 1859
* '' Enicopus'' Stephens, 1830
* '' Eschatocrepis'' Leconte, 1861
* '' Falsomelyris'' Pic, 1913
* '' Hadrocnemus'' Kraatz, 1895
* '' Halyles'' Broun, 1883
* '' Haplomalachius'' Evers, 1985
* '' Hoppingiana'' Blaisdell, 1924
* '' Hylodanacaea'' Pic, 1926
* '' Hypebaeus'' Kiesenwetter, 1863
* '' Intybia'' Pascoe, 1866
* ''Laius'' Guérin-Méneville, 1830
* '' Leptovectura'' Casey, 1895
* '' Listropsis'' Blaisdell, 1924
* ''Listrus'' Motschoulsky, 1859
* '' Malachius'' Fabricius, 1775
* '' Melyris'' Fabricius, 1775
* '' Melyrodes'' Gorham, 1882
* '' Microlipus'' Leconte, 1852
* '' Nepachys'' Thomson, 1859
* '' Nodopus'' Marshall, 1951
* '' Pagurodactylus'' Gorham, 1900
* '' Psilothrix'' Redtenbacher, 1858
* '' Scelopristis'' Mayor, 2004
* '' Sphinginus'' Mulsant & Rey, 1867
* '' Spinapalochrus''
* '' Tanaops'' Leconte, 1859
* '' Temnopsophus'' Horn, 1872
* '' Trichochrous'' Motschulsky, 1859
* ''Trophimus'' Horn, 1870
* '' Vecturoides'' Fall, 1930

Notes

External links

Fauna Europaea

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1189209

Polyphaga families
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