The 8140 was a

diesel engine The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-ca ...

made by

Sofim Sofim ( it, Società franco-italiana di motori) is a joint diesel engine enterprise established between Fiat, Saviem (Renault) and Alfa Romeo on 13 September 1974 and was bought by Iveco in 1981. The manufacturing plant is located in Foggia in sout ...

for

automobile A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people instead of goods. The year 1886 is regarded ...

s. Originally introduced as a swirl chamber, naturally aspirated diesel it was mostly used in commercial vehicles worldwide. Turbocharging the original engine, the design of which was finished in 1974, was impeded until 1985 due to restrictions of the original design. Heat flux issues with the aluminium head and swirl chambers were eventually overcome, but did slow down development. First direct injection models also appeared in the mid-eighties. Additionally to the Fiat designation 8140 some engines got a Renault tag (S8 for indirect injection, S9 for direct injection).

2.0 L version

In the early beginning there was a 2.0-liter (1,995 cc) four-cylinder 65 PS (48 kW), called the Sofim 8144.65. Alongside the 2.4-liter version it was used in light commercial vehicles like the Saviem SG2, OM Grinta, and the Fiat/Iveco Daily, as well as passenger cars like the

Fiat 131 The Fiat 131 is a family sedan manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1974 to 1984 after its debut at the 1974 Turin Motor Show. Available as a two-door and four-door saloon and 5-door estate across a single generation, the 131 succeeded the ...

and 132 models. It also saw use in the Fiat Campagnola.

2.4 L version

The original 2.4 L big block displaces , bore x stroke was 93 x 90 mm.

2.5 L version

In 1990 the 2.5 L was introduced with a longer stroke increased by 2 mm to 92 mm, bore remained unchanged at 93 mm displacing .

2.8 L version

The 2.8 L displaces 2800 cc having a larger bore and stroke (94.4 x 100 mm).

Today

After continuous development these engines are nowadays known as F1A (2.3 L) and F1C (3.0 L), available for marine and industrial use from

Fiat Powertrain Technologies FPT Industrial is an Italian multinational designer and manufacturer of transmissions, axles, diesel and petrol engines that was established in March 2005 as a Fiat Group division which included all the activities related to powertrains and tr ...

(FPT) and

CNH Industrial CNH Industrial N.V. is an Italian-American multinational corporation with global headquarters in Basildon, United Kingdom, but controlled and mostly owned by the multinational investment company Exor, which in turn is controlled by the Agnell ...

(since 2012) respectively.

References

{{Reflist Renault engines Fiat engines PSA engines Diesel engines by model