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"Sleep No More" is the ninth episode of the ninth series of the British
science fiction television Science fiction first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary ...
series ''
Doctor Who ''Doctor Who'' is a British science fiction television series broadcast by the BBC since 1963. The series, created by Sydney Newman, C. E. Webber and Donald Wilson (writer and producer), Donald Wilson, depicts the adventures of an extraterre ...
''. It was first broadcast on
BBC One BBC One is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is the corporation's oldest and flagship channel, and is known for broadcasting mainstream programming, which includes BBC News television b ...
on 14 November 2015. It marked the first time an episode of the series had not featured any opening titles - the title and writer were instead announced at the beginning of the end credits. The episode is a found footage video engineered and narrated by Gagan Rassmussen ( Reece Shearsmith), a crew member of a space station orbiting Neptune in the 38th century. In the episode, Rassmussen manufactures a perilous adventure involving Sandmen - humanoid creatures made of
rheum Rheum (; from Greek language, Greek: wikt:ῥεῦμα, ῥεῦμα ''rheuma'' 'a flowing, rheum') is a thin mucus naturally discharged from the eyes, nose, or mouth, often during sleep (contrast with mucopurulent discharge).Amodio, Aime"Where ...
- to make more people watch the video and allowing the spread of an electronic signal to other people's brains that will create more Sandmen.


Plot

The viewer is addressed by Gagan Rassmussen, a researcher aboard Le Verrier Lab - a space station in orbit around Neptune in the 38th century - through a glitch-filled video transmitted across the
Solar System The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies. The International Astronomical Union, the authoritative body regarding astronomical nomenclature, specifies capitalizing the names of all individual astronomical objects but uses mixed "Sola ...
. Rassmussen warns the viewer not to watch the video, but says its found footage will explain the events that have occurred. When communication with Le Verrier is lost, a rescue ship is dispatched from Triton. Aboard Le Verrier, the four soldiers, Nagata, Chopra, Deep-Ando, and 474, discover the station empty save for the
Twelfth Doctor The Twelfth Doctor is an incarnation of The Doctor (Doctor Who), the Doctor, the protagonist of the British Science fiction on television, science fiction television series ''Doctor Who''. He is portrayed by Scottish actor Peter Capaldi in three ...
and Clara; passing themselves off as assessors. The group is chased by "Sandmen", humanoid forms composed of dust. They take safety in a lab filled with large pods, and discover Rassmussen. He explains he is the inventor of the pods, known as Morpheus, which are machines that send signals to the brains of the humans inside to compress a month's worth of sleep into a few minutes, and the pods on Le Verrier are more advanced than on Triton. The Doctor suspects that Morpheus has transformed the
rheum Rheum (; from Greek language, Greek: wikt:ῥεῦμα, ῥεῦμα ''rheuma'' 'a flowing, rheum') is a thin mucus naturally discharged from the eyes, nose, or mouth, often during sleep (contrast with mucopurulent discharge).Amodio, Aime"Where ...
in the corner of the eye into a carnivorous lifeform which digested the crew. The gravity shields are powered down before the Doctor fixes them. During this, a Sandman appears to consume Rassmussen. Chopra, Deep-Ando, and 474 are also killed during their escape. The Doctor silently monitors the Sandmen and realises that Rassmussen is making them blind by hijacking the visual receptors in the rheum in the Sandmen and in the eyes of anyone who has used Morpheus to collate video footage. They make their way to the ship but Rassmussen is alive, trapping them in a room with a Sandman. Rassmussen plans to use the ship to return to Triton and release Morpheus there with the Sandman, which he says is now spread by spores. Nagata shoots Rassmussen. The Doctor engineers their escape and destroys the gravity shields, sending the station and ship into Neptune. The Doctor comments that the inconsistencies in how Morpheus is spread along with the gravity shields being powered down seems to be contrived like a story. The Doctor, Clara, and Nagata escape in the
TARDIS The TARDIS (; acronym for "Time And Relative Dimension(s) In Space") is a fictional hybrid of a time machine and spacecraft that appears in the British science fiction television series ''Doctor Who'' and its various spin-offs. While a TARDI ...
. Rassmussen reveals to the viewer he is a Sandman, being pulled apart by Neptune's gravity. Rassmussen explains why he wanted to ensure that the video the viewer is watching was seen by others, as its glitches contain the Morpheus signal and will allow it to spread.


Continuity

When debating with Clara about naming the creatures, the Doctor mutters "It's like the Silurians all over again", referring to an old adversary that first appeared in '' Doctor Who and the Silurians'' (1970). According to writer Mark Gatiss, the Doctor's mention of "the Great Catastrophe" that befell humankind is referring to the collision between the Earth and the Sun described in the Season 21 serial '' Frontios''.


Outside references

The title is in reference to the Shakespeare play, ''
Macbeth ''The Tragedy of Macbeth'', often shortened to ''Macbeth'' (), is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, estimated to have been first performed in 1606. It dramatises the physically violent and damaging psychological effects of political ambiti ...
'': "Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep" which the Doctor quotes during the episode. Clara asks if the Morpheus Machine is actually named after Morpheus, the god of dreams. The Morpheus hologram also uses the term 'in the arms of Morpheus', a phrase meaning to be in a deep sleep. The Morpheus machine theme-song, " Mr. Sandman", was popularized by the group
The Chordettes The Chordettes were an American female vocal quartet, specializing in traditional pop music. They are best known for their 1950s hit singles " Mr. Sandman" and " Lollipop", both of which sold over a million copies. Career The group organized i ...
among others in 1954. Those like Chopra who refuse to compress their sleep via the Morpheus process are referred to as 'Rips' - a reference to the short story "
Rip Van Winkle "Rip Van Winkle" () is a short story by the American author Washington Irving, first published in 1819. It follows a Dutch-American villager in Colonial history of the United States, colonial America named Rip Van Winkle who meets mysterious Du ...
" by
Washington Irving Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 – November 28, 1859) was an American short-story writer, essayist, biographer, historian, and diplomat of the early 19th century. He wrote the short stories "Rip Van Winkle" (1819) and "The Legend of Sleepy ...
.


Production

The read-through for this episode took place on 23 July 2015 and filming took place from 27 July to 12 August 2015. A new title screen specially designed for this episode was shown instead of the usual opening sequence, the first such instance in the show's history.


Cast notes

Reece Shearsmith appeared in ''
An Adventure in Space and Time ''An Adventure in Space and Time'' is a 2013 British Biographical film, biographical television film, starring David Bradley (English actor), David Bradley, Brian Cox (actor), Brian Cox, Jessica Raine and Sacha Dhawan. Directed by Terry McDono ...
'' as
Patrick Troughton Patrick George Troughton (; 25 March 1920 – 28 March 1987) was an English actor. He became best known for his roles in television, most notably starring as the Second Doctor, second incarnation of The Doctor (Doctor Who), the Doctor in the lo ...
. Tom Wilton appeared as a Zygon in " The Zygon Invasion" / " The Zygon Inversion". Bethany Black is the first openly
transgender A transgender (often shortened to trans) person has a gender identity different from that typically associated with the sex they were sex assignment, assigned at birth. The opposite of ''transgender'' is ''cisgender'', which describes perso ...
actor to appear on ''Doctor Who''.


Broadcast and reception


Critical reception

The episode received mixed reviews and was watched by 4 million viewers overnight in the UK, an 18.2% audience share. This rose to 5.61 in final figures, which made it the lowest of any episode of ''Doctor Who'' since the show was revived in 2005, until the episode "
Oxygen Oxygen is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group (periodic table), group in the periodic table, a highly reactivity (chemistry), reactive nonmetal (chemistry), non ...
" in the next series, which received 5.27 million viewers. It received an Appreciation Index score of 78, the lowest since the 2006 story " Love & Monsters", which received a score of 76. The episode also received the lowest score of the ninth series on
Rotten Tomatoes Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator, review-aggregation website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by three undergraduate students at the University of California, Berkeley: Senh Duong, Patrick Y. Lee ...
, reporting a 61% approval rating with an average rating of 6.34/10 based on 18 reviews. The website's consensus reads "''Doctor Who''s effective horror elements and unexpected cliffhanger save 'Sleep No More' from being a gimmicky found-footage episode."


References


External links

* * * {{Twelfth Doctor stories, selected=Television Twelfth Doctor episodes 2015 British television episodes Television episodes written by Mark Gatiss Found footage television episodes Fiction set on Neptune Fiction set on Triton (moon) Fiction set in the 4th millennium Television episodes set in outer space