Slavic tribes on:
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This is a list of early Slavic peoples reported in
* Sporoi (also known as Vistula Veneti): common ancestors of all
* Antes (common ancestors of the
Late Antiquity
Late antiquity marks the period that comes after the end of classical antiquity and stretches into the onset of the Early Middle Ages. Late antiquity as a period was popularized by Peter Brown (historian), Peter Brown in 1971, and this periodiza ...
and in the Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...
, that is, before the year AD 1500.
Ancestors
*Proto-Indo-Europeans
The Proto-Indo-Europeans are a hypothetical prehistoric ethnolinguistic group of Eurasia who spoke Proto-Indo-European (PIE), the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family.
Knowledge of them comes chiefly from t ...
(Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists; its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-Euro ...
speakers)
** Proto-Balto-Slavs (common ancestors of Balts
The Balts or Baltic peoples (, ) are a group of peoples inhabiting the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea who speak Baltic languages. Among the Baltic peoples are modern-day Lithuanians (including Samogitians) and Latvians (including Latgalians ...
and Slavs
The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout the northern parts of Eurasia; they predominantly inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe, and ...
) (Proto-Balto-Slavic
Proto-Balto-Slavic (PBS or PBSl) is a reconstructed hypothetical proto-language descending from Proto-Indo-European (PIE). From Proto-Balto-Slavic, the later Balto-Slavic languages are thought to have developed, composed of the Baltic and Sla ...
speakers)
***Proto-Slavs
The early Slavs were speakers of Indo-European languages, Indo-European dialects
who lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th centuries AD) in Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Ea ...
(Proto-Slavic
Proto-Slavic (abbreviated PSl., PS.; also called Common Slavic or Common Slavonic) is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages. It represents Slavic speech approximately from the 2nd millennium BC through the 6th ...
speakers)
Antiquity
* Sporoi (also known as Vistula Veneti): common ancestors of all Slavs
The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout the northern parts of Eurasia; they predominantly inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe, and ...
, Proto-Slavs
The early Slavs were speakers of Indo-European languages, Indo-European dialects
who lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th centuries AD) in Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Ea ...
, and the West-Slavic Veneti. It is hypothesized that Proto-Slavs
The early Slavs were speakers of Indo-European languages, Indo-European dialects
who lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th centuries AD) in Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Ea ...
had their origin in the area of present-day western Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
- west of the Dnieper
The Dnieper or Dnepr ( ), also called Dnipro ( ), is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. Approximately long, with ...
, east of the Vistula
The Vistula (; ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at in length. Its drainage basin, extending into three other countries apart from Poland, covers , of which is in Poland.
The Vistula rises at Barania Góra i ...
, south of the Pripyat Marshes
__NOTOC__
The Pripet Marshes or Pripyat Marshes (), also known as Pinsk Marshes (), the Polesie Marshes, and the Rokitno Marshes, are a vast natural region of wetlands in Polesia, along the forested basin of the Pripyat River and its tributaries f ...
and north of the Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Ural Mountains, Urals at and the Scandinav ...
and the Dniester
The Dniester ( ) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Uk ...
, to the northwest of the Pontic Eurasian Steppes
The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or The Steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands biome. It stretches through Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Euro ...
and south of the Baltic peoples
The Balts or Baltic peoples (, ) are a group of peoples inhabiting the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea who speak Baltic languages. Among the Baltic peoples are modern-day Lithuanians (including Samogitians) and Latvians (including Latgalian ...
, especially West Baltic peoples, with whom they have common ancestors, the Balto-Slavs. Proto-Slavs
The early Slavs were speakers of Indo-European languages, Indo-European dialects
who lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th centuries AD) in Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Ea ...
are mainly associated with the Zarubintsy culture that had possible links to the ancient peoples of the Vistula
The Vistula (; ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at in length. Its drainage basin, extending into three other countries apart from Poland, covers , of which is in Poland.
The Vistula rises at Barania Góra i ...
basin (Przeworsk culture
The Przeworsk culture () was an Iron Age material culture in the region of what is now Poland, that dates from the 3rd century BC to the 5th century AD. It takes its name from the town Przeworsk, near the village where the first artifacts we ...
). Proto and Early Slavs
The early Slavs were speakers of Indo-European languages, Indo-European dialects
who lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th centuries AD) in Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Ea ...
, who were closely related to the Balts
The Balts or Baltic peoples (, ) are a group of peoples inhabiting the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea who speak Baltic languages. Among the Baltic peoples are modern-day Lithuanians (including Samogitians) and Latvians (including Latgalians ...
, were more influenced by the ancient Celts
The Celts ( , see Names of the Celts#Pronunciation, pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples ( ) were a collection of Indo-European languages, Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient Indo-European people, reached the apoge ...
(La Tène culture
The La Tène culture (; ) was a Iron Age Europe, European Iron Age culture. It developed and flourished during the late Iron Age (from about 450 BC to the Roman Republic, Roman conquest in the 1st century BC), succeeding the early Iron Age ...
) and by the Scythians
The Scythians ( or ) or Scyths (, but note Scytho- () in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an Ancient Iranian peoples, ancient Eastern Iranian languages, Eastern Iranian peoples, Iranian Eurasian noma ...
and Sarmatians
The Sarmatians (; ; Latin: ) were a large confederation of Ancient Iranian peoples, ancient Iranian Eurasian nomads, equestrian nomadic peoples who dominated the Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic steppe from about the 5th century BCE to the 4t ...
(Western
Western may refer to:
Places
*Western, Nebraska, a village in the US
*Western, New York, a town in the US
*Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
*Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
*Western world, countries that id ...
Eurasian Steppe
The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or The Steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands biome. It stretches through Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Europea ...
Iranian peoples
Iranian peoples, or Iranic peoples, are the collective ethnolinguistic groups who are identified chiefly by their native usage of any of the Iranian languages, which are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages within the Indo-European langu ...
from the northeast group who were nomads or seminomads). According to Marija Gimbutas
Marija Gimbutas (, ; January 23, 1921 – February 2, 1994) was a Lithuanian archaeology, archaeologist and anthropologist known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of "Old European Culture, Old Europe" and for her Kurgan ...
, the people named " Scythian Farmers", mentioned by Herodotus
Herodotus (; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus (now Bodrum, Turkey), under Persian control in the 5th century BC, and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy. He wrote the '' Histori ...
, were the Proto-Slavs
The early Slavs were speakers of Indo-European languages, Indo-European dialects
who lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th centuries AD) in Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Ea ...
or Early Slavs
The early Slavs were speakers of Indo-European languages, Indo-European dialects
who lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th centuries AD) in Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Ea ...
, who bordered and lived south of the Balts
The Balts or Baltic peoples (, ) are a group of peoples inhabiting the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea who speak Baltic languages. Among the Baltic peoples are modern-day Lithuanians (including Samogitians) and Latvians (including Latgalians ...
, and not Scythians
The Scythians ( or ) or Scyths (, but note Scytho- () in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an Ancient Iranian peoples, ancient Eastern Iranian languages, Eastern Iranian peoples, Iranian Eurasian noma ...
.
** Antes: common ancestors of the East Slavs
The East Slavs are the most populous subgroup of the Slavs. They speak the East Slavic languages, and formed the majority of the population of the medieval state Kievan Rus', which they claim as their cultural ancestor.John Channon & Robert Huds ...
and most Eastern South Slavs. Also contributed to the West Slavs
The West Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages. They separated from the common Slavic group around the 7th century, and established independent polities in Central Europe by the 8th to 9th centuries. The West Slavic langu ...
** Veneti: common ancestors of the West Slavs
The West Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages. They separated from the common Slavic group around the 7th century, and established independent polities in Central Europe by the 8th to 9th centuries. The West Slavic langu ...
. Also contributed to the Western South Slavs and the East Slavs
The East Slavs are the most populous subgroup of the Slavs. They speak the East Slavic languages, and formed the majority of the population of the medieval state Kievan Rus', which they claim as their cultural ancestor.John Channon & Robert Huds ...
** Sclaveni
The ' (in Latin language, Latin) or ' (Sclaveni#Terminology, various forms in Greek language, Greek) were Early Slavs, early Slavic tribes that raided, invaded and settled in the Balkans in the Early Middle Ages and eventually became one of the p ...
: ancestors of the Western South Slavs. Their name was adopted by the Byzantines in the 600s as a catch-all for all Balkan Slavs, regardless of origin
Middle Ages
East Slavs
* Antes (common ancestors of the East Slavs
The East Slavs are the most populous subgroup of the Slavs. They speak the East Slavic languages, and formed the majority of the population of the medieval state Kievan Rus', which they claim as their cultural ancestor.John Channon & Robert Huds ...
; some were also the ancestors of part of West Slavs
The West Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages. They separated from the common Slavic group around the 7th century, and established independent polities in Central Europe by the 8th to 9th centuries. The West Slavic langu ...
and South Slavs
South Slavs are Slavic people who speak South Slavic languages and inhabit a contiguous region of Southeast Europe comprising the eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula. Geographically separated from the West Slavs and East Slavs by Austria, ...
)
** Western-Northern groups
*** Western Russian group / Western Ruthenian group / Western Old East Slavs ("Russians" or "Russian group" in the broad sense means Old East Slavic peoples, the common group from where modern ethnic groups
An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people with shared attributes, which they collectively believe to have, and long-term endogamy. Ethnicities share attributes like language, culture, common sets of ancestry, traditions, society, rel ...
or peoples
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a ...
of the Rusinians, Ukrainians
Ukrainians (, ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. Their native tongue is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian, and the majority adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, forming the List of contemporary eth ...
, Belarusians
Belarusians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. They natively speak Belarusian language, Belarusian, an East Slavic language. More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99&n ...
and Russians
Russians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. Their mother tongue is Russian language, Russian, the most spoken Slavic languages, Slavic language. The majority of Russians adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church ...
descend and not only Russians in the narrow sense)
**** Southwestern group (roughly in a large part of the hypothesized region of Proto-Slavs
The early Slavs were speakers of Indo-European languages, Indo-European dialects
who lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th centuries AD) in Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Ea ...
origin)
***** Dulebes (''Dulebi''), ancestors of Ukrainians, Belarusians, part of Czechs
The Czechs (, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavs, West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common Bohemia ...
and Poles. Assimilated into several East Slavic tribes or were the ancestors of them: the Volhynians, Drevlians
The Drevlians, Derevlians or Derevlianians ( or , ) were a tribe of East Slavs between the 6th and the 10th centuries, which inhabited the territories of Polesia and right-bank Ukraine, west of the Polans (eastern), eastern Polans and along the ...
, Polans, Dregoviches
The Dregoviches, also called the ''Dregovichi'', were an East Slavic tribal union. They inhabited the territories along the lower Pripyat River and the northern parts of the right bank of the Dnieper River
The Dnieper or Dnepr ( ), a ...
, and possibly Buzhans
The Buzhans were a tribal union of Early Slavs, which supposedly formed the East Slavs in southern Russia and the Volga region. They are mentioned as ''Buzhane'' in the ''Primary Chronicle''. Several localities in Russia are claimed to be connected ...
, eventually to become part of the Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus', also known as Kyivan Rus,.
* was the first East Slavs, East Slavic state and later an amalgam of principalities in Eastern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical At ...
.
****** Buzhans
The Buzhans were a tribal union of Early Slavs, which supposedly formed the East Slavs in southern Russia and the Volga region. They are mentioned as ''Buzhane'' in the ''Primary Chronicle''. Several localities in Russia are claimed to be connected ...
/ Bugans (''Bugane'' > ''Buzhane''; > � zh = � (in the regions of the Southern Bug
The Southern Bug, also called Southern Buh (; ; ; or just ), and sometimes Boh River (; ),
and Western Bug
The Bug or Western Bug is a major river in Central Europe that flows through Belarus (border), Poland, and Ukraine, with a total length of .Slavs
The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout the northern parts of Eurasia; they predominantly inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe, and ...
) (''Buzhane''). Ancestors of Ukrainians and Russians.
******* Western Bug Buzhans (Western Bug
The Bug or Western Bug is a major river in Central Europe that flows through Belarus (border), Poland, and Ukraine, with a total length of .Volhynians (''Volynyane''). Ancestors of Ukrainians, part of
* Veneti /
South Slavs, South Slavic tribes descend mainly from two Slavic tribal confederations,
First Slavic Tribes
''www.youtube.com'' {{Slavic ethnic groups Slavic ethnic groups, Ancient Slavs Ancient Slavic peoples, * Lists of ethnic groups, Slavic Lists of ancient people, Slavic Lists of medieval people, Slavic
Czechs
The Czechs (, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavs, West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common Bohemia ...
, and Poles.
****** Dregoviches
The Dregoviches, also called the ''Dregovichi'', were an East Slavic tribal union. They inhabited the territories along the lower Pripyat River and the northern parts of the right bank of the Dnieper River
The Dnieper or Dnepr ( ), a ...
/ Dregovichians (''Dregovichi''), they lived along the lower Pripyat River
The Pripyat or Prypiat is a river in Eastern Europe. The river, which is approximately long, flows east through Ukraine, Belarus, and into Ukraine again, before draining into the Dnieper at Kyiv Reservoir.
Name etymology
Max Vasmer notes in h ...
and the northern parts of the right bank of the Dnieper River
The Dnieper or Dnepr ( ), also called Dnipro ( ), is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. Approximately long, with ...
. Ancestors of Belarusians.
****** Drevlyans
The Drevlians, Derevlians or Derevlianians ( or , ) were a tribe of East Slavs between the 6th and the 10th centuries, which inhabited the territories of Polesia and right-bank Ukraine, west of the eastern Polans and along the lower reaches of ...
(''Drevlyane''), they lived in Polesia
Polesia, also called Polissia, Polesie, or Polesye, is a natural (geographic) and historical region in Eastern Europe within the East European Plain, including the Belarus–Ukraine border region and part of eastern Poland. This region shou ...
and right-bank Ukraine
The Right-bank Ukraine is a historical and territorial name for a part of modern Ukraine on the right (west) bank of the Dnieper River, corresponding to the modern-day oblasts of Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr, Kirovohrad, as well as the western parts o ...
. Ancestors of Ukrainians and Belarusians.
****** Polans (eastern) (''Polyane''), in Dnieper
The Dnieper or Dnepr ( ), also called Dnipro ( ), is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. Approximately long, with ...
right (western) bank, Kyiv region. Ancestors of Ukrainians.
***** Teverians (''Tivertsi / Tyvertsi'') / Stadici / Stadichi ('' Stadychi'')?, lived around Bessarabia
Bessarabia () is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Bessarabia lies within modern-day Moldova, with the Budjak region covering the southern coa ...
. Ancestors of Ukrainians, and part of Romanians
Romanians (, ; dated Endonym and exonym, exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a Culture of Romania, ...
(especially Moldovans
Moldovans, sometimes referred to as Moldavians (, , ), are an ethnic group native to Moldova, who mostly speak the Romanian language, also referred to locally as Moldovan language, Moldovan. Moldovans form significant communities in Romania, It ...
).
***** White Croats
The White Croats (; ; ; ), also known simply as Croats, were a group of Early Slavs, Early Slavic tribes that lived between East Slavs, East Slavic and West Slavs, West Slavic tribes in the historical region of Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia n ...
, in Prykarpattia
Prykarpattia () is a Ukrainian term for Ciscarpathia, a physical geographical region for the northeastern Carpathian foothills.Vortman, D. Prykarpattia (ПРИКАРПАТТЯ)'. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.
Located at the outer foot of ...
and Zakarpattia. Ancestors of Rusyns
Rusyns, also known as Carpatho-Rusyns, Carpatho-Russians, Ruthenians, or Rusnaks, are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group from the Carpathian Rus', Eastern Carpathians in Central Europe. They speak Rusyn language, Rusyn, an East Slavic lan ...
, Ukrainians
Ukrainians (, ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. Their native tongue is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian, and the majority adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, forming the List of contemporary eth ...
, Poles
Pole or poles may refer to:
People
*Poles (people), another term for Polish people, from the country of Poland
* Pole (surname), including a list of people with the name
* Pole (musician) (Stefan Betke, born 1967), German electronic music artist
...
, Slovaks
The Slovaks ( (historical Sloveni ), singular: ''Slovák'' (historical: ''Sloven'' ), feminine: ''Slovenka'' , plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history ...
, Czechs
The Czechs (, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavs, West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common Bohemia ...
and Croats
The Croats (; , ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and other neighboring countries in Central Europe, Central and Southeastern Europe who share a common Croatian Cultural heritage, ancest ...
.
**** Southern group
***** Don Slavs
***** Ulichians ('' Ulichi''), lived around lived around Southern Ukraine and Bessarabia
Bessarabia () is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Bessarabia lies within modern-day Moldova, with the Budjak region covering the southern coa ...
. Ancestors of Ukrainians, and part of Romanians
Romanians (, ; dated Endonym and exonym, exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a Culture of Romania, ...
(especially Moldovans
Moldovans, sometimes referred to as Moldavians (, , ), are an ethnic group native to Moldova, who mostly speak the Romanian language, also referred to locally as Moldovan language, Moldovan. Moldovans form significant communities in Romania, It ...
).
**** Central group
***** Radimichians / Radimichs
The Radimichs (also Radimichi) (, , and ) were an East Slavic languages, East Slavic tribe of the last several centuries of the 1st millennium, which inhabited upper east parts of the Dnieper down the Sozh and its tributaries. The name probably ...
('' Radimichi''). Ancestors of Belarusians
Belarusians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. They natively speak Belarusian language, Belarusian, an East Slavic language. More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99&n ...
and part of Russians
Russians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. Their mother tongue is Russian language, Russian, the most spoken Slavic languages, Slavic language. The majority of Russians adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church ...
. Mentioned as being a Lyakh tribes.
***** Severians
The Severians, also Severyans, Siverians, or Siverianians (; ; ; ) were a tribe or tribal confederation of early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the middle Dnieper River and southeast of the Danube River. They are mentioned by the Bav ...
('' Severyane''), some migrated south into the Eastern Balkans. Ancestors of Ukrainians, Russians and part of Slavic Bulgarians.
*** Old Russian group / Northern Russian group / Northern Ruthenian group / Northern Old East Slavs
**** Northeastern group (Krivichian-Vyatichian group) ( Krivichians and Vyatichi
The Vyatichs or more properly Vyatichi or Viatichi () were a tribe of Early East Slavs who inhabited regions around the Oka River, Oka, Moskva River, Moskva and Don (river), Don rivers.
The Vyatichi had for a long time no princes, but the soci ...
ans played a large part in the formation of Proto-Russians)
***** Krivichians ('' Krivichi''), originally native to the area around Pskov
Pskov ( rus, Псков, a=Ru-Псков.oga, p=psˈkof; see also Names of Pskov in different languages, names in other languages) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov O ...
. Ancestors of Belarusians and Russians (Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus', also known as Kyivan Rus,.
* was the first East Slavs, East Slavic state and later an amalgam of principalities in Eastern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical At ...
Principalities
A principality (or sometimes princedom) is a type of monarchical state or feudal territory ruled by a prince or princess. It can be either a sovereign state or a constituent part of a larger political entity. The term "principality" is often ...
roughly corresponded to older tribal lands)
****** Polochans
Polochans (, ) were a tribe of early East Slavs, who inhabited the area in the middle of the Western Dvina in the 9th century. Alternative meaning: inhabitants of Polotsk.
They are mentioned in the ''Primary Chronicle'', which explains that the ...
('' Polochane'') / Polotskian Krivichians, in Polotsk Land ('' Polotskaya Zemlya'') (later Polotsk Principality). Ancestors of Belarusians.
****** Pskovians / Pskovian Krivichians, in Pskov Land ('' Pskovskaya Zemlya''). Ancestors of Russians.
****** Smolenians / Smolenian Krivichians, in Smolensk Land ('' Smolenskaya Zemlya'') (later Smolensk Principality). Ancestors of Russians.
****** Tverians / Tverian Krivichians, in Tver Land ('' Tver'skaya Zemlya'') (later Tver Principality). Ancestors of Russians.
****** Zalessians / Zalessian Krivichians, in Zalessa Land or '' Zalesye'' ('' Zalesskaya Zemlya'') / Opolyans / Opolyan Krivichians, in Opolye Land or Opolye ('' Opolskaya Zemlya'') (later Rostov-Suzdal Principality or Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, that gradually evolved into the Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Principality of Moscow, or Muscovy, known as the Principality of Moscow until 1389, was a late medieval Russian monarchy. Its capital was the city of Moscow. Originally established as a minor principality in the 13th century, the gra ...
also called Muscovite Russia or Muscovite Rus') (this political entity is traditionally perceived as a cradle of the Great Russian language and Great Russian people, i.e. the Russians as a distinct Slavic people) (originally Moscow region
Moscow Oblast (, , informally known as , ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). With a population of 8,524,665 (Russian Census (2021), 2021 Census) living in an area of , it is one of the most densely populate ...
was an enclave inhabited by a remnant of the Dniepr-Oka Baltic peoples
The Balts or Baltic peoples (, ) are a group of peoples inhabiting the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea who speak Baltic languages. Among the Baltic peoples are modern-day Lithuanians (including Samogitians) and Latvians (including Latgalian ...
, the Eastern Galindians or Goliad', which were conquered in the middle of 11th century by Rostov-Suzdal).
***** Vyatichi
The Vyatichs or more properly Vyatichi or Viatichi () were a tribe of Early East Slavs who inhabited regions around the Oka River, Oka, Moskva River, Moskva and Don (river), Don rivers.
The Vyatichi had for a long time no princes, but the soci ...
ans (''Vyatichi
The Vyatichs or more properly Vyatichi or Viatichi () were a tribe of Early East Slavs who inhabited regions around the Oka River, Oka, Moskva River, Moskva and Don (river), Don rivers.
The Vyatichi had for a long time no princes, but the soci ...
'') also Oka Slavs, described as a Lyakh tribe(s). Ancestors of Russians (Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus', also known as Kyivan Rus,.
* was the first East Slavs, East Slavic state and later an amalgam of principalities in Eastern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical At ...
Principalities
A principality (or sometimes princedom) is a type of monarchical state or feudal territory ruled by a prince or princess. It can be either a sovereign state or a constituent part of a larger political entity. The term "principality" is often ...
roughly corresponded to older tribal lands).
****** Kozelians / Kozelian Vyatichians, in Kozelsk Land (roughly in today's Kozelsk
Kozelsk () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town and the administrative center of Kozelsky District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Zhizdra (river), Zhizdra River (a tributary of the Oka (river), Oka), southwest of Kaluga ...
town and Kaluga
Kaluga (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It stands on the Oka River southwest of Moscow. Its population was 337,058 at the 2021 census.
Kaluga's most famous residen ...
and Tula regions, later part of the Chernigov Principality by conquest).
****** Ryazanians / Ryazanian Vyatichians, in Ryazan' Land (later Ryazan Principality or Murom-Ryazan).
**** Northwestern group (possible Northern Slavic group?) (they played a large part in the formation of Proto-Russians)
***** Ilmen Slavs
The Novgorod Slavs, Ilmen Slavs (, ''Il'menskiye slovene''), or Slovenes (not to be confused with the South Slavic Slovenes) were the northernmost tribe of the Early Slavs, and inhabited the shores of Lake Ilmen, and the river basins of the ...
/ Ilmen Slovenians ('' Slovene''), also known as Novgorod Slovenes, Novgorod Slavs ('' Slovene''). Ancestors of Russians.
****** Bezhetians / Bezhetian Ilmen Slovenians (in Bezhetsk Land - '' Begetskaja Zemlja'') (later part of the Novgorod Land
Novgorodian Land () was one of the largest historical territorial–state formations in Russia, covering its Northwest Russia, northwest and Russian North, north. Novgorod Land, centered in Veliky Novgorod, was in the cradle of Kievan Rus' under ...
- '' Novgorodskaja Zemlja'', and the Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic () was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries in northern Russia, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east. Its capital was the city of Novgorod. The ...
).
****** Derevians / Derevian Ilmen Slovenians (in Dereva Land - '' Derevskaja Zemlja'') (later part of the Novgorod Land
Novgorodian Land () was one of the largest historical territorial–state formations in Russia, covering its Northwest Russia, northwest and Russian North, north. Novgorod Land, centered in Veliky Novgorod, was in the cradle of Kievan Rus' under ...
- '' Novgorodskaja Zemlja'', and the Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic () was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries in northern Russia, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east. Its capital was the city of Novgorod. The ...
).
****** Obonegians / Obonegian Ilmen Slovenians (in Obonego Land - '' Obonegskaja Zemlja'') (later part of the Novgorod Land
Novgorodian Land () was one of the largest historical territorial–state formations in Russia, covering its Northwest Russia, northwest and Russian North, north. Novgorod Land, centered in Veliky Novgorod, was in the cradle of Kievan Rus' under ...
- '' Novgorodskaja Zemlja'', and the Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic () was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries in northern Russia, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east. Its capital was the city of Novgorod. The ...
).
****** Shelonians / Shelonian Ilmen Slovenians (in Shelona Land - '' Shelonskaja Zemlja'') (later part of the Novgorod Land
Novgorodian Land () was one of the largest historical territorial–state formations in Russia, covering its Northwest Russia, northwest and Russian North, north. Novgorod Land, centered in Veliky Novgorod, was in the cradle of Kievan Rus' under ...
- '' Novgorodskaja Zemlja'', and the Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic () was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries in northern Russia, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east. Its capital was the city of Novgorod. The ...
).
West Slavs
* Veneti / Wends
Wends is a historical name for Slavs who inhabited present-day northeast Germany. It refers not to a homogeneous people, but to various people, tribes or groups depending on where and when it was used. In the modern day, communities identifying ...
Lechitic ancestors of West Slavs
The West Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages. They separated from the common Slavic group around the 7th century, and established independent polities in Central Europe by the 8th to 9th centuries. The West Slavic langu ...
; some were also the ancestors of part of South Slavs
South Slavs are Slavic people who speak South Slavic languages and inhabit a contiguous region of Southeast Europe comprising the eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula. Geographically separated from the West Slavs and East Slavs by Austria, ...
** Czech–Moravian-Slovak group
*** Bohemians (''Čechové
The Czechs (, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavs, West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common Bohemia ...
''), tribal confederation, in Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...
, Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
. Ancestors of Czechs
The Czechs (, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavs, West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common Bohemia ...
.
**** Berunzani (a Slavic Bohemian tribe, '' Chekhove'', of West Bohemia).
**** Chekhove proper / ''Čechové
The Czechs (, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavs, West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common Bohemia ...
'' ( Bohemian Slavs proper), also known as Pragani ('' Fraganeo''), the tribe that lived in the Prague
Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
and Central Bohemian regions
**** Děčané, in Děčín
Děčín (; ) is a city in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 46,000 inhabitants. It is the seventth largest municipality in the country by area. Děčín is an important traffic junction.
Administrative division
Děč ...
region, Czech Republic.
**** Dudlebi (''Doudlebi / Doudlebové'') (Bohemian Dulebes), a group of Dulebes assimilated as a Slavic Bohemian or Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus
*Czech (surnam ...
tribe. (they lived in most of the southern half of Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...
).
**** Khébané ('' Chébané'' / '' Hbané'').
**** Khodove ('' Chodové'') ("Walkers", "Patrollers" or "Rangers") (formed from recruited people originating in the western Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Ural Mountains, Urals at and the Scandinav ...
) (in Tuhošt' Land).
**** Litoměřici
The West Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages. They separated from the early Slavs, common Slavic group around the 7th century, and established independent polities in Central Europe by the 8th to 9th centuries. The West ...
or Lutomerizi, in the Czech lands
The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands (, ) is a historical-geographical term which denotes the three historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia out of which Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic and Slovakia, were formed. ...
from the sixth century (they lived in the Litoměřice
Litoměřice (; ) is a town in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
The town is the seat of the Roman C ...
region).
**** Luchane / Luchani / Lutsane ('' Lučané'')
**** Lemuzi
**** Lupiglai
**** Pshovane ('' Pšované'') / Besunzane ( Bežunčani)
**** Sedlichane ('' Sedličané'' / '' Sedlčané'')
**** Volynyane, a group of Volhynians ( Volhynian Buzhans) assimilated as a Slavic Bohemian or Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus
*Czech (surnam ...
tribe. Volhynians are ancestors of Poles, Czechs and modern-day Ukrainians.
**** Zlicans (Zlitsans) / Zlichane (''Zličané''), in Bohemia (Czech). Ancestors of Czechs and possibly Poles.
**** White Croats
The White Croats (; ; ; ), also known simply as Croats, were a group of Early Slavs, Early Slavic tribes that lived between East Slavs, East Slavic and West Slavs, West Slavic tribes in the historical region of Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia n ...
, in Northeastern Bohemia and Southern Poland by the 10th century, ancestors of Czechs, Slovaks, Poles and Croats.
*** Moravians
Moravians ( or Colloquialism, colloquially , outdated ) are a West Slavs, West Slavic ethnic group from the Moravia region of the Czech Republic, who speak the Moravian dialects of Czech language, Czech or Czech language#Common Czech, Common ...
/ Northern Merehani ('' Moravane''), tribal confederation, in Záhorie , the Romanian village of Dumbrava, called Erdőhát in Hungarian, Pestişu Mic
Záhorie () is a region in western Slovakia between the Little Carpathians to the east and the Morava River to the west. Although not an administrative region, it is ...
(Slovakia
Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...
) and Moravia
Moravia ( ; ) is a historical region in the eastern Czech Republic, roughly encompassing its territory within the Danube River's drainage basin. It is one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
The medieval and early ...
. Ancestors of (modern) Moravians
Moravians ( or Colloquialism, colloquially , outdated ) are a West Slavs, West Slavic ethnic group from the Moravia region of the Czech Republic, who speak the Moravian dialects of Czech language, Czech or Czech language#Common Czech, Common ...
and part of the Slovaks
The Slovaks ( (historical Sloveni ), singular: ''Slovák'' (historical: ''Sloven'' ), feminine: ''Slovenka'' , plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history ...
. The Morava river of Moravia
Moravia ( ; ) is a historical region in the eastern Czech Republic, roughly encompassing its territory within the Danube River's drainage basin. It is one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
The medieval and early ...
was in their lands. Ancestors of the South Moravians ( Merehani), in Morava river valley, east Serbia
, image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg
, national_motto =
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg
, national_anthem = ()
, image_map =
, map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
, that migrated south of the Danube and were assimilated by South Slavs
South Slavs are Slavic people who speak South Slavic languages and inhabit a contiguous region of Southeast Europe comprising the eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula. Geographically separated from the West Slavs and East Slavs by Austria, ...
.
**** Ganátsi / Hanátsi ('' Hanáci'')
**** Golasitsi / Holasitsi ('' Holasici'')
**** Gorátsi / Horátsi ('' Horáci'')
**** ('' Podyjští Moravané'')
***Slovaks
The Slovaks ( (historical Sloveni ), singular: ''Slovák'' (historical: ''Sloven'' ), feminine: ''Slovenka'' , plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history ...
* (more appropriately Sloveni for time period of this article), also called Nitran Slavs / Váh Slavs / Hungarian Slavs / Moravian ''Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( ), are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, Slovenian culture, culture, and History of Slove ...
'' ''/'' Sloväni / Slověniny), tribal confederation, in Slovakia
Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...
and northern parts of Hungary
Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
, possibly western Hungary as well. Ancestors of Slovaks
The Slovaks ( (historical Sloveni ), singular: ''Slovák'' (historical: ''Sloven'' ), feminine: ''Slovenka'' , plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history ...
, mayhaps were part of broader Slavic group sharing the same name (notice similarities with the Slovenians
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( ), are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, Slovenian culture, culture, and History of Slove ...
). Sometimes referred to as ''Slovieni'', although this word is generally incorrect, being a contracted term from 19th century. Note: While today the male member of Slovak nation is called ''Slovák'', the original name for such person would be approx. ''Sloven''. This is evident from the endonym of the country (''Slovensko''), and also the name for Slovak female (''Slovenka'') or language (''slovenský jazyk''). This change, purely linguistical, occurred starting in 14th century, applying the newer suffix ''-ák/-ak/-iak'' to the stem word ''Slov''. This change most likely originated in neighbouring Bohemia, which is probably the reason why it never completely permeated Slovak language
Slovak ( ; endonym: or ), is a West Slavic language of the Czech-Slovak languages, Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script and formerly in Cyrillic script. It is part of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is ...
(compared to the Moravia
Moravia ( ; ) is a historical region in the eastern Czech Republic, roughly encompassing its territory within the Danube River's drainage basin. It is one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
The medieval and early ...
n region of Slovácko
Moravian Slovakia, also called Slovácko (, older ''Moravské Slovensko'') is a cultural region in the southeastern part of the Czech Republic. It lies in the historical region of Moravia, on the border with Slovakia (the Slovak region of Záhor ...
, so called Moravian Slovakia
Moravian Slovakia, also called Slovácko (, older ''Moravské Slovensko'') is a cultural region in the southeastern part of the Czech Republic. It lies in the historical region of Moravia, on the border with Slovakia (the Slovak region of Záho ...
).
** Lechites
Lechites (, ), also known as the Lechitic tribes (, ), is a name given to certain West Slavs, West Slavic tribes who inhabited modern-day Poland and eastern Germany, and were speakers of the Lechitic languages. Distinct from the Czech–Slovak lan ...
(Lechitic group) Lechitic tribes are ancestors of Poles/Polish people, Lechia was the pre-Christian name of Poland.
*** Polish tribes- also known as Lechitic tribes.
**** Lendians
The Lendians () were a Lechitic tribe who lived in the area of East Lesser Poland and Cherven Cities between the 7th and 11th centuries. Since they were documented primarily by foreign authors whose knowledge of Central and East Europe geogra ...
, in east Lesser Poland and Red Ruthenia (Poland and Ukraine). Ancestors of Poles
Pole or poles may refer to:
People
*Poles (people), another term for Polish people, from the country of Poland
* Pole (surname), including a list of people with the name
* Pole (musician) (Stefan Betke, born 1967), German electronic music artist
...
.
**** Masovians
Masovians, also spelled as Mazovians, and historically known as Masurians, is an ethnographic group of Polish people that originates from the region of Masovia, located mostly within borders of the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland. They speak the ...
, tribal confederation, in Mazovia, Poland. Ancestors of Poles.
**** Polans (western)
The Polans ( Polish: ''Polanie''; Latin: ''Polani'', ''Polanos''), also known as Polanians or Western Polans ( Polish: ''Polanie Zachodni''; Latin: ''Polani Occidentis''), were a West Slavic and Lechitic tribe who inhabited the Warta River b ...
, tribal confederation, in Greater Poland
Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (; ), is a Polish Polish historical regions, historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief and largest city is Poznań followed by Kalisz, the oldest city in Poland.
The bound ...
, Poland. Ancestors of Poles.
**** Silesians
Silesians (; Silesian German: ''Schläsinger'' ''or'' ''Schläsier''; ; ; ) is both an ethnic as well as a geographical term for the inhabitants of Silesia, a historical region in Central Europe divided by the current national boundaries o ...
/ Silezane / Slezane (Ślężanie) Lechitic tribe, Poland. Ancestors of Poles.
***** Besunzane / Bezunchane ('' Bieżuńczanie'')
***** Bobryane ('' Bobrzanie'')
***** Dyedoshane (''Dziadoszanie'') / Dadosesani
***** Golensizi (''Golęszyce'')
***** Lubushane (''Lubuszanie'')
***** Lupiglaa (tribe), Lupiglaa (in today's Głubczyce region)
***** Opolans / Opolini (''Opolans, Opolanie'' Lechitic tribe
***** Silesians (tribe), Silesians Slezane/(''Ślężanie'')
***** Tryebovane (''Trzebowianie'')
**** Vistulans, in Lesser Poland, tribal confederation, Poland. Ancestors of Poles. Likely the same people as the White Croats.
*** Pomeranians (Slavic tribe), Pomeranians, tribal confederation, in Pomerania, Lechitic tribes living at the Baltic Sea regions. Ancestors of Poles
Pole or poles may refer to:
People
*Poles (people), another term for Polish people, from the country of Poland
* Pole (surname), including a list of people with the name
* Pole (musician) (Stefan Betke, born 1967), German electronic music artist
...
, Kashubians, Slovincians, and modern-day Germans.
**** Kashubians, in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. Ancestors of the modern-day Kashubians.
**** Prissani / Prissani, Pyritzans (Pyrzyczanie), in Pomerania, Poland. Ancestors of Poles.
**** Slovincians, a West Slavic tribe that lived between lakes Gardno and Łebsko near Słupsk in Pomerania. Ancestors of modern-day Slovincians.
**** Wolinians / Uelunzani, on Wolin island, Pomerania, Poland. Ancestors of Poles
*** Goplans, in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Poland. Ancestors of Poles.
** Wends
Wends is a historical name for Slavs who inhabited present-day northeast Germany. It refers not to a homogeneous people, but to various people, tribes or groups depending on where and when it was used. In the modern day, communities identifying ...
also spelled as Wenedi, Veneti, Vendi, Vindi, Vinden, includes Northern Polabian and Southern Polabian tribes. The former are linguistically grouped with Lechitic, while the latter with Sorbian languages. See also Bavaria Slavica where some Wends settled in Bavaria and Franconia.
*** Veleti (Wilzi) (Polabians, Northern Polabians), tribes in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, modern-day Germany.
**** Lutici, Lechitic tribal confederation, northeastern region of modern-day Germany.
***** Bethenici (Bethenici, Bethenzi or Bethenici, Bechelenzi)
***** Doshane
***** Lutici
****** Circipania, Circipane, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, modern-day Germany.
****** Kessinians, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
****** Redarians, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
****** Tollensians, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
***** Hevelli (Havolane), in Brandenburg, by river Havel.
****** Smeldingi
***** Morizani / Morichane
***** Rani (Slavic tribe), Rani / Rani (Slavic tribe), Rujani, on Lechitic tribes on Rugia/Rügen island.
***** Sprevane, by river Spree.
***** Stodorane (Lutici Stodorane)
***** Ukrani, in Uckermark and Vorpommern-Greifswald.
**** Obotrites / Obotrites, Reragi (Polabians, Northern Polabians)
***** Belesem / Byelozem = "White Earth" or "White Earth Tribe", they lived scattered in Oster Walde / Osterwalde - "Eastern Woods" in the Old Mainland Saxons, Saxon view, west banks of the Elbe river
***** Drevani = "Wood" or "Wood Tribe", they lived scattered in Oster Walde / Osterwalde - "Eastern Woods" in the Old Mainland Saxons, Saxon view, west banks of the Elbe river) (Osterwalde and Luneburg Heath also matched the land where the Langobards lived for a time before migrating towards South) (mostly in today's Lower Saxony, in the Hanoverian Wendland, Lechitic tribes in modern-day Germany).
***** Linones, in the region around Lenzen (Elbe), Lenzen.
***** Lipani, tribe that lived scattered in the west banks of the Elbe river
***** Obotrites proper / Obotrites, Northern Obotrites (Wismar Bay to Lake Schwerin).
***** Polabians (tribe), Polabians proper, in modern-day eastern Schleswig-Holstein area.
***** Travjane east of the Trave.
***** Wagri / Wagrians (the eastern Holstein as part of Old Saxony, Saxony).
***** Warnabi / Warnower in (the upper Warnow and Mildenitz (river), Mildenitz).
*** Polabian Slavs, Southern Polabians tribes in Saxony (Lusatia) and Thuringia.
***** Sorbian tribal confederation in the narrow sense
****** Proper Sorbs (tribe), Sorbs / White Serbia, White Serbs
****** Chutici-Chudzicy-Khutices
****** Citici-Żytyce-Zhitices
****** Colodici-Koledycze-Koledices
****** Glomatians, Glomacze-Daleminzi
****** Neletici-Neletiches-Nieletycy-Nieletycze
****** Nishans, Nishans-Nishane
****** Nizitsi-Niszanie-Nizchices
****** Nudycze
****** Plisny
****** Siusler-Susłowie
****** Szkudycze
****** Zyrmunty-Yhirmunts
***** Sorbian tribal confederation in the wider sense
****** Lusatians (tribe), Lusatians, in Lower Lusatia. Ancestors of Sorbs in Lower Lusatia.
****** Milceni, Milchane (''Milčané'') / Milceni / Milceni, Milzeni, in Upper Lusatia, and in an area of far north Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...
. Ancestors of Sorbs in Upper Lusatia.
South Slavs
South Slavs, South Slavic tribes descend mainly from two Slavic tribal confederations, Sclaveni
The ' (in Latin language, Latin) or ' (Sclaveni#Terminology, various forms in Greek language, Greek) were Early Slavs, early Slavic tribes that raided, invaded and settled in the Balkans in the Early Middle Ages and eventually became one of the p ...
and Antes. To reach the Balkans, the two groups took two different paths. While the Sclaveni came from Central Europe north of the Danube and migrated south around the eastern edges of the Alps and across the western part of the Pannonian Plain, the Antes came from the steppe between the Dniester
The Dniester ( ) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Uk ...
and the Dnieper
The Dnieper or Dnepr ( ), also called Dnipro ( ), is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. Approximately long, with ...
, penetrating into the Balkans throuhgh Transylvania or, alternatively, the mouth of the Danube.
A number of historians have attributed the early split between Eastern South Slavic languages, Eastern and Western South Slavs to the different origins of Sclaveni and Antes. While Western South Slavs were closely linked to the West Slavs, Western Slavic Veneti (Slavs), Veneti, Eastern South Slavs originated from the East Slavs, Eastern Slavic Antes. This is confirmed by both historical records and the duplication of tribal names between West Slavs
The West Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages. They separated from the common Slavic group around the 7th century, and established independent polities in Central Europe by the 8th to 9th centuries. The West Slavic langu ...
and Western South Slavs and East Slavs
The East Slavs are the most populous subgroup of the Slavs. They speak the East Slavic languages, and formed the majority of the population of the medieval state Kievan Rus', which they claim as their cultural ancestor.John Channon & Robert Huds ...
and Eastern South Slavs, respectively. For example, the Polabian White Serbs, White Serb confederation is generally thought to be the ancestor of both Western Slavic Sorbs and South Slavic Serbs, while the Dunabian Abodriti, also known as Praedenecenti, are generally associated with the Polabian Obotrites.
The same is true for Antes and Eastern South Slavs. For example, part of the East Slavic Severians
The Severians, also Severyans, Siverians, or Siverianians (; ; ; ) were a tribe or tribal confederation of early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the middle Dnieper River and southeast of the Danube River. They are mentioned by the Bav ...
are known to have migrated to present-day northeastern Bulgaria, becoming foederati of the First Bulgarian Empire under the name ''Severi'', while some Pripyat Dregoviches
The Dregoviches, also called the ''Dregovichi'', were an East Slavic tribal union. They inhabited the territories along the lower Pripyat River and the northern parts of the right bank of the Dnieper River
The Dnieper or Dnepr ( ), a ...
are assumed to have migrated to the valley of the Vardar, establishing themselves as the Drougoubitai. The Seven Slavic tribes are also hypothesized to be Antes hailing from the lands of modern Ukraine, but missing records of their tribal names makes the hypothesis unverifiable.
Therefore, it has been suggested that the ancestors of medieval Bosnians, Serbs and Croatians were the Sclaveni
The ' (in Latin language, Latin) or ' (Sclaveni#Terminology, various forms in Greek language, Greek) were Early Slavs, early Slavic tribes that raided, invaded and settled in the Balkans in the Early Middle Ages and eventually became one of the p ...
, wereas the progenitors of the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian Slavs were the Antes. Nevertheless, there must have been substantial overlap between Sclaveni and Antes, especially in contact zones. For example, the exact origin of White Croats
The White Croats (; ; ; ), also known simply as Croats, were a group of Early Slavs, Early Slavic tribes that lived between East Slavs, East Slavic and West Slavs, West Slavic tribes in the historical region of Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia n ...
is still shrouded in mystery. Some scholars consider them be an Antes tribal polity that migrated to Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia in the 3rd–4th century, while others regard them as early Sclaveni
The ' (in Latin language, Latin) or ' (Sclaveni#Terminology, various forms in Greek language, Greek) were Early Slavs, early Slavic tribes that raided, invaded and settled in the Balkans in the Early Middle Ages and eventually became one of the p ...
or as a mixture of both Antes and Sclaveni.
Nevertheless, South Slavs over time evolved into a new Slavic ethnolinguistic group. This phenomenon was accentuated by the Bavarians, Bavarian expansion east (as an element in the Ostsiedlung) and by the Magyar people, Magyar settlement and expansion in the Pannonian Plain, which severed the contiguous land or territory between West and South Slavs (in the Middle Danube river basin) and contact between both of them, contributing to greater differentiation.
* Sclaveni
The ' (in Latin language, Latin) or ' (Sclaveni#Terminology, various forms in Greek language, Greek) were Early Slavs, early Slavic tribes that raided, invaded and settled in the Balkans in the Early Middle Ages and eventually became one of the p ...
/ Slavini (common ancestors of most Western South Slavs
South Slavs are Slavic people who speak South Slavic languages and inhabit a contiguous region of Southeast Europe comprising the eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula. Geographically separated from the West Slavs and East Slavs by Austria, ...
)
** West South Slavic group
*** Bošnjani, inhabited central parts of Bosnia (early medieval), early medieval Bosnia, between the rivers of Upper Neretva on the south, Middle Bosna (river), Bosna and the Krivaja (Bosna) on the north, Upper Drina on the east and Upper Vrbas (river), Vrbas on the west. Ancestors of Bosniaks and Bosnians. Theories of them being descended from the Buzhans
The Buzhans were a tribal union of Early Slavs, which supposedly formed the East Slavs in southern Russia and the Volga region. They are mentioned as ''Buzhane'' in the ''Primary Chronicle''. Several localities in Russia are claimed to be connected ...
exist.
*** Braničevci / Braniches, in eastern Serbia
, image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg
, national_motto =
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg
, national_anthem = ()
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, map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
.
*** Carantanians / Carniolan Slavs / Old Slovenes / Southern ''Slovene'' (''Sloventsi''), tribal confederation, in Austria and Slovenia. Ancestors of Slovenes (particularly Carinthian Slovenes). They descend in part from Nitran Slavs (Northern Slovenes) that were also partial ancestors of modern Slovaks
The Slovaks ( (historical Sloveni ), singular: ''Slovák'' (historical: ''Sloven'' ), feminine: ''Slovenka'' , plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history ...
.
**** Dudleipa, they may have been a branch of the Dulebes.
**** Duliebi, they may have been a branch of the Dulebes.
**** Stodorane (Caranthanian Stodorane)
**** Susili
*** Duklja, Docleani / Diokletlians, in southern Montenegro (see also Tribes of Montenegro)
*** Guduscani, in Lika, Croatia.
*** Kanalites, in southern Dalmatia.
*** Merehani / Southern Merehani / Southern Moravians (''Moravci / Moravtsi''), in (South) Morava River (Serbia), Morava river, eastern Serbia. They descend from Merehani, Moravian / Merehani tribal groups that migrated south of the Danube and over time differentiate themselves and were assimilated into South Slavs.
*** Narentines / Neretvians, in southern Dalmatia.
*** Pannonian Slavs, in west Pannonian Plain, west of the Danube river, roughly in today's west Hungary. They were assimilated by Magyars after they settled in Hungary.
**** Dulebes, Pannonian Dulebes, a group of Dulebes.
**** Sava Slavs, roughly in the plain between the Sava River, Sava and Mura River, Mura rivers. Ancestors of part of Croats.
*** Praedenecenti / Praedenecenti, Eastern Abodriti / Praedenecenti, Eastern Obotrites, in Banat. They descend from Abodriti / Obotrites tribal groups that migrated south of the Danube and over time differentiate themselves and were assimilated into South Slavs.
*** Timočani, in eastern Serbia.
*** Travunians / Travunija, Terbunians, in Herzegovina and western Montenegro
*** White Croats
The White Croats (; ; ; ), also known simply as Croats, were a group of Early Slavs, Early Slavic tribes that lived between East Slavs, East Slavic and West Slavs, West Slavic tribes in the historical region of Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia n ...
, in Western Ukraine, Lesser Poland and Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...
. Ancestors of Croats and other Slavic peoples.
**** Croats
The Croats (; , ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and other neighboring countries in Central Europe, Central and Southeastern Europe who share a common Croatian Cultural heritage, ancest ...
*** White Serbs / Sorbs (tribe), Sorbs, in Lower Lusatia, Germany. Ancestors of Sorbs and Serbs.
**** Serbs
*** Zachumliani / Zachlumians, in southern Dalmatia.
* Antes (common ancestors of most Eastern South Slavs
South Slavs are Slavic people who speak South Slavic languages and inhabit a contiguous region of Southeast Europe comprising the eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula. Geographically separated from the West Slavs and East Slavs by Austria, ...
)
** East South Slavic group
*** Berziti / Berziti, Bersites, in Ohrid, North Macedonia.
*** Drougoubitai / Draguvites, in North Macedonia and Greek Macedonia.
*** Moratsi, or Marvatsi, in the western Rhodopes, along the Mesta river and around Dospat.
*** Milcovci / Miltsovtsi
*** Seven Slavic tribes (or Seven Slavic tribes, Seven Slavic Clans) (Heptaradici / Eptaradici - "Seven Roots"?), tribal confederation, in northern Bulgaria and Southern Romania that formed the basis of the Slavic Bulgarians (after later being conquered by the Turkic origin Bulgars that formed much of the Aristocracy and led to the name change of the people and language).
**** Unknown tribes (unknown names)
*** Severians
The Severians, also Severyans, Siverians, or Siverianians (; ; ; ) were a tribe or tribal confederation of early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the middle Dnieper River and southeast of the Danube River. They are mentioned by the Bav ...
, in Dobrudja, / Severians, Severes / Severians, Severi (Balkan Severians
The Severians, also Severyans, Siverians, or Siverianians (; ; ; ) were a tribe or tribal confederation of early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the middle Dnieper River and southeast of the Danube River. They are mentioned by the Bav ...
), northeast Bulgaria and Southeastern Romania, the Severians
The Severians, also Severyans, Siverians, or Siverianians (; ; ; ) were a tribe or tribal confederation of early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the middle Dnieper River and southeast of the Danube River. They are mentioned by the Bav ...
were an East Slavs, East Slavic tribe, part of the tribal groups that migrated southward and southwestward and formed a union with the Seven Slavic tribes (to form the Slavic Bulgarians) and over time differentiate themselves and were assimilated into South Slavs
South Slavs are Slavic people who speak South Slavic languages and inhabit a contiguous region of Southeast Europe comprising the eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula. Geographically separated from the West Slavs and East Slavs by Austria, ...
.
*** Smolyani, in the Central and Western Rhodopes, the Mesta valley and the adjoining areas of northern Greece. They revolted against Byzantine rule in 837 and after receiving military aid by Khan Presian I of Bulgaria, their territory was annexed by the First Bulgarian Empire. Their name is not mentioned after the mid 800s, which suggests assimilation into Slavic Bulgarians.
*** Strymonites, along the Struma (river), Struma river in southwestern Bulgaria and the adjoining part of northern Greece. Annexed by the First Bulgarian Empire in 840. They were last mentioned in 904 in connection with the Sack of Thessalonica (904), Sack of Thessaloniki by the Arabs and were therefore most likely assimilated into Slavic Bulgarians.
*** Sklavenoi / Sclaveni Proper (Slavic tribes of Greece, including Greek Macedonia).
**** Baiounitai / Baiounitai, Bainuites / Vajunites, originally in Greek Macedonia, Macedonia, later migrated to Epirus/South Albania (Vagenetia).
**** Belegezites / Belegezites, Velegezites, in Thessaly.
**** Ezerites / Eremites, Erezitai, in the Peloponnese.
**** Melingoi, in the Peloponnese.
**** Rynchines / Rhynchinoi, also Rynchines, Recchines, in Greek Macedonia. (Southern Macedonia), Northern Chalkidiki and southern slopes of the Rhodopes.
**** Sagudates, in southern Greek Macedonia.
Unclassified Slavs
* Sittici / Zhytychi / Zuireani? * Zeriuani, Zerivani / Zeriuani / Zeriuani, Zeruiani * ZnetaliciPossible Slavs
Unclassified
* Miloxi * Uerizane / Verizane * Brodnici, Slavic tribe, inhibiting brod/shallow river areas or areas with brodnica shrubs, type of a wild berry, see place names Brodnica, Bródnica in Slavic speaking countries.Slavs or Balts
*Neuri / Neuri, Navari (a people mentioned byHerodotus
Herodotus (; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus (now Bodrum, Turkey), under Persian control in the 5th century BC, and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy. He wrote the '' Histori ...
)
Slavs, Balts or Uralics
* BudiniSlavs or Romance peoples
* Bolokhovians / Bolokhoveni / Bolokhovens (East Slavs, East Slavic tribe or Vlachs, Valachians? the similar name to Valachians could have been only coincidental)Slavs or Turkics
* Sebbirozi / Sebbirozi, Zabirozi / Zabrozi / Sabirs (possibly Turkic peoples, Turkic)Mixed
* Keramisians or, more likely, Sermesianoi, a mixed population of some 70,000 Bulgars, Pannonian Slavs and Eastern Orthodoxy, Byzantine Christians from Syrmia led by the Bulgars, Bulgar (khan) Kuber, who unsuccessfully tried to seize Thessaloniki and then settled in the ''Keramisian field'' (a corruption of "Sermesian", i.e., of Sirmium), most likely the Pelagonia plain in North Macedonia, in 680. Since treasures attributed to them have been found at Vrap and Ersekë in Eastern Albania, the Sermesianoi are hypothesized to have migrated west following Byzantine emperor Leo III the Isaurian's campaigns against them in the early 700s.Unclassified peoples or tribes
Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and possibly Baltic peoles, Baltic Indo-European * Thafnezi / Athfenzi / (Y)athfengi? (possibly Yatvingians) Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and possibly Iranian peoples, Iranian Indo-European * Lucolane / Lucolani (possibly Alans, Alan Sarmatians, Sarmatian Iranian peoples, Iranians) * Serauici / Seravici (possibly Alans, Alan Sarmatians, Sarmatian Iranian peoples, Iranians) Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and possibly Turkic peoples, Turkic * Attorozi (possibly Turkic peoples, Turkic) * Aturezani (possibly Turkic peoples, Turkic) * Chozirozi / Khazars, Caziri (possibly the Khazars) * Uuilerozi / Vilerozi / Bilerozi (possibly Turkic peoples, Turkic) Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and possibly Uralic languages, Uralic * Neriuani / Nerivani / Merivani (possibly Uralic languages, Uralic, the Merya people, Merya?)Koncha, S. (2012). ''Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine''. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21. Mentioned by Bavarian Geographer and Unknown * ThadesiSee also
*Slavic peoples *Slavic languages *Ethnic group *Tribe * Outline of Slavic history and cultureSources
* Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). ''Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture''. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. * Barford, Paul M (2001), ''The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe'', Cornell University Press, * Gimbutas, Marija Alseikaitė (1971), ''The Slavs'', Thames and Hudson, * Koncha, S. (2012). ''Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine''. http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. pp. 15–21.References
External links
First Slavic Tribes
''www.youtube.com'' {{Slavic ethnic groups Slavic ethnic groups, Ancient Slavs Ancient Slavic peoples, * Lists of ethnic groups, Slavic Lists of ancient people, Slavic Lists of medieval people, Slavic