Slaka is the imaginary East European
COMECON
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (, ; English abbreviation COMECON, CMEA, CEMA, or CAME) was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc along wi ...
country featured in two books of the English novelist
Malcolm Bradbury
Sir Malcolm Stanley Bradbury, (7 September 1932 – 27 November 2000) was an English author and academic.
Life
Bradbury was born in Sheffield, the son of a railwayman. His family moved to London in 1935, but returned to Sheffield in 1941 with ...
(1932–2000).
Characteristics
The country features in Bradbury's novels ''Rates of Exchange'' (1983) and ''Why Come to Slaka?'' (1986). It is described by its leader Comrade-General I. Vulcani as "a nation proud of its socialistik emulations." The first novel relates the misadventures of a visiting British academic, the second is a
pastiche
A pastiche is a work of visual art, literature, theatre, music, or architecture that imitates the style or character of the work of one or more other artists. Unlike parody, pastiche pays homage to the work it imitates, rather than mocking it ...
guide book
A guide book or travel guide is "a book of information about a place designed for the use of visitors or tourists". It will usually include information about sights, accommodation, restaurants, transportation, and activities. Maps of varying det ...
to the country. Slaka is also the name of the country's capital; another of the country's major towns is Glit. The country's language is known as Slakan.
Slaka was further explored in television, in two mini-series scripted by Bradbury, ''The Gravy Train'', and a sequel ''The Gravy Train Goes East''.
Critics have proposed Slaka to be a satire of
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...
during the 1980s, or possibly
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Mac ...
.
National opera
The country's national
opera
Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically a collaboration between a composer and a libre ...
is ''Vedontakal Vrop'' (''The Secret Unmasked'') by the composer Z. Leblat who also wrote the
libretto. The opera is described in ''Why Come to Slaka?'' as "one of the highest treasures of the great Slakan tradition." The opera, which in ''Rates of Exchange'' is said to last about five hours, was originally performed before Bishop 'Wencher' Vlam and his guests at the Bishop's castle, the Cast'ullu Vlam, in the city of Slaka in 1770. The score was then lost for 200 years but was rediscovered, missing only act 3, in 1970. In ''Rates of Exchange'', the restored opera was premiered in 1982 but in ''Why Come to Slaka?'', the premiere was said to have been in 1984. In either case, Bradbury set the event in the Oper Prole'tanuu Slakam, under the
baton
Baton may refer to:
Stick-like objects
*Baton, a type of club
* Baton (law enforcement)
* Baston (weapon), a type of baton used in Arnis and Filipino Martial Arts
*Baton charge, a coordinated tactic for dispersing crowds of people
*Baton (conduct ...
of Leo Fenycx, in a season which also included works by
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948), is an English composer and impresario of musical theatre. Several of his musicals have run for more than a decade both in the West End and on Broadway. He has composed 21 musica ...
and
Leoš Janáček
Leoš Janáček (, baptised Leo Eugen Janáček; 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist, and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic musics, including Eastern European ...
. Bradbury goes on to describe the work to be considered by Slakan scholars to have been an important inspiration for the operas of
Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
and
Rossini
Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces, and some sacred music. He set new standards f ...
. The traditions of Leblat are maintained by the annual "Z. Leblat
Musicology Festivi" which is held on a mountain near another Slakan town, Glit.
The role of the opera in Bradbury's book is seen by Vinod Gopi as symbolising the 'play with desire' seen by
Theodor W. Adorno
Theodor W. Adorno ( , ; born Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund; 11 September 1903 – 6 August 1969) was a German philosopher, sociologist, psychologist, musicologist, and composer.
He was a leading member of the Frankfurt School of critical ...
and
Max Horkheimer
Max Horkheimer (; ; 14 February 1895 – 7 July 1973) was a German philosopher and sociologist who was famous for his work in critical theory as a member of the Frankfurt School of social research. Horkheimer addressed authoritarianism, militar ...
as a characteristic of mass culture. "The maximum play of desire is seen in the opera ''Vedontakal Vrop'' ... The characters appear on the stage wearing exotic and extravagant costumes. The plot shows a proliferation of characters who have dressed themselves in a way that obscures their identity ...
resenting
Resentment (also called ranklement or bitterness) is a complex, multilayered emotion that has been described as a mixture of disappointment, disgust and anger. Other psychologists consider it a mood or as a secondary emotion (including cogni ...
a domain of decadence and excess."
According to the Slakan writer F. Plitplov, "the plot of ''Vedontakal Vrop'' is so laughable that no one can fail to take a delight in its immense confusions." Its characters include a magician (in some opinions an
apothecary
''Apothecary'' () is a mostly archaic term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses '' materia medica'' (medicine) to physicians, surgeons, and patients. The modern chemist (British English) or pharmacist (British and North Amer ...
), a student disguised as an old man, a girl disguised as a soldier, a servant who is turned into a bear, servants of a
shah
Shah (; fa, شاه, , ) is a royal title that was historically used by the leading figures of Iranian monarchies.Yarshater, EhsaPersia or Iran, Persian or Farsi, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII no. 1 (1989) It was also used by a variety of ...
and villagers with a large cake. The resolution of the plot is not clearly outlined by Bradbury, one of whose characters explains "in the ending all becomes clear, if not in the way those people intend", adding that for an opera "such confusions are essential."
See also
*
List of fictional countries
This is a list of fictional countries from published works of fiction (books, films, television series, games, etc.). Fictional works describe all the countries in the following list as located somewhere as we know it – as opposed to under ...
*
List of fictional literature featuring opera
Notes
Sources
*
*
*
*
*
* {{wikicite, ref={{harvid, Vianu, 1999, reference=
Vianu, Lidia (1999)
"At the Gates of Commonsense – Malcolm Bradbury (1932–2000)" ''British Literary Desperadoes at the Turn of the Millennium''. Bucharest: ALL Publishing House. {{ISBN, 978-9739431484 – via lidiavianu.scriptmania.com.
Fictional European countries
Fictional musical works
Eastern Europe in fiction