Sketch (drawing)

A sketch (ultimately from Greek σχέδιος – ''schedios'', "done extempore") is a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not usually intended as a finished work.Diana Davies (editor), ''Harrap's Illustrated Dictionary of Art and Artists'', Harrap Books Limited, (1990) A sketch may serve a number of purposes: it might record something that the artist sees, it might record or develop an idea for later use or it might be used as a quick way of graphically demonstrating an image, idea or principle. Sketching is the most inexpensive art medium.

Sketches can be made in any drawing medium. The term is most often applied to graphic work executed in a dry medium such as silverpoint, graphite, pencil, charcoal or pastel. It may also apply to drawings executed in pen and ink, digital input such as a digital pen, ballpoint pen, marker pen, water colour and oil paint. The latter two are generally referred to as "water colour sketches" and " oil sketches". A sculptor might model three-dimensional sketches in clay, plasticine or wax.

Methods

The two methods in sketching are line drawing and shading.

Line art

A line drawing is the most direct means of expression. This type of drawing without shading or lightness, is usually the first to be attempted by an artist. It may be somewhat limited in effect, yet it conveys dimension, movement, structure and mood; it can also suggest texture to some extent.

Shading

"Line gives character, but shading gives depth and value – it is like adding an extra dimension to your sketch."

Advanced techniques

Pencil painting

When the pencil is handled almost as if it was a brush, resulting a paintlike quality, then the technique is called Pencil Painting.

Wash and benzine

Starting with a pencil drawing first, then washing over the pencil areas with a sable haired water color brush dipping it into the benzine is called ''wash and benzine''. Benzene does not itself add color, but merely modifies the shaded pencil areas.

Uses

Sketching is generally a prescribed part of the studies of art students. This generally includes making sketches ( croquis) from a live model whose pose changes every few minutes. A "sketch" usually implies a quick and loosely drawn work, while related terms such as study, modello and "preparatory drawing" usually refer to more finished and careful works to be used as a basis for a final work, often in a different medium, but the distinction is imprecise. Underdrawing is drawing underneath the final work, which may sometimes still be visible, or can be viewed by modern scientific methods such as X-rays.

Most visual artists use, to a greater or lesser degree, the sketch as a method of recording or working out ideas. The sketchbooks of some individual artists have become very well known, including those of Leonardo da Vinci and Edgar Degas which have become art objects in their own right, with many pages showing finished studies as well as sketches. The term " sketchbook" refers to a book of blank paper on which an artist can draw (or has already drawn) sketches. The book might be purchased bound or might comprise loose leaves of sketches assembled or bound together.

Sketching is also used as a form of communication in areas of product design such as industrial design. It can be used to communicate design intent and is most widely used in ideation. It can be used to map out floor plans of homes.

The ability to quickly record impressions through sketching has found varied purposes in today's culture. Courtroom sketches record scenes and individuals in law courts. Sketches drawn to help authorities find or identify wanted people are called composite sketches. Street artists in popular tourist areas sketch portraits within minutes.Cf. Sue Bleiweiss, ''The Sketchbook Challenge'', Potter Craft, 2012, pp. 10–13.

Gallery

File:Artist's Gridded Sketch of Senenmut MET 36.3.252 EGDP013666.jpg, An ostracon showing a gridded sketch thought to depict the royal official Senenmut, Thebes, c. 1479–1458 B.C.E
File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the trivulzio monument 02.jpg, Three draft sketches in sepia for an equestrian monument, Leonardo da Vinci 1508–10
File:Leonardo da Vinci helicopter.jpg, Sketch in pen and ink of an idea for a flying machine with a spiral rotor, Leonardo da Vinci
File:Michelangelo Buonarroti - Codex Vallardi 2491 r.jpg, Sketch of a head in a parade helmet, Michelangelo,
File:Attributed to Carel Fabritius 004.jpg, Figure sketch in ink of two women teaching a baby to walk, Carel Fabritius,
File:Giovanni Antonio Canal, il Canaletto - The Piazzetta Looking towards the Torre dell'Orologio - WGA03976.jpg, Sketch in pencil and ink of the Piazetta, Venice, Canaletto,
File:Fragonard, Pasha.jpg, ''The Pasha'', an ink sketch by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, late 1700s
File:John Constable 030.jpg, An oil sketch of clouds by John Constable, 1821–22
File:Corot - Landschaft mit Heiligenfigur auf einer Säule.jpeg, A sketch of a landscape in pencil by Camille Corot, 1870
File:James McNeill Whistler - Nocturne- Battersea Bridge - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Nocturene-Battersea Bridge'', a pastel sketch by Whistler, 1872
File:Manet Le Bouchon DMA.jpg, ''Le Bouchon'', a brush and ink sketch by Édouard Manet, 1878
File:Renoir Jeune Femme au Bateau.jpg, ''A girl in a rowing boat'', pencil, ink and watercolour, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1870s
File:Paul Cézanne- Rooftops and Tree.jpg, A landscape sketch in brush and ink with washes, Paul Cézanne, (1888–90)
File:Mary Stevenson Cassatt, Sketch of Head of a Girl in a Hat with a Black Rosette oil on canvas laid down on board, 24.8 x 32.4 cm, circa 1910, Christie's.jpg, Oil sketch ''Child in a hat with a black rosette'', Mary Cassatt,
File:Tihanyi Reclining Nude 1910.jpg, Sketch of a reclining nude in brush and ink washes, Lajos Tihanyi, 1910
File:Girl Knitting in the Harbor by Theo van Doesburg Centraal Museum AB4453.jpg, ''Girl Knitting by the Sea'', pencil and watercolour by Theo van Doesburg, 1918
File:Theo van Doesburg 164.jpg, Two ink sketches of ''Krishna playing the Flute'', van Doesburg, early 20th century
File:Egon Schiele - Aktselbstbildnis - 1918.jpeg, Sketch of a male nude in black crayon, Egon Schiele, 1918
File:Kathe Kollwitz - Self-portrait NGA 1943.3.5217.jpg, Kathe Kollwitz, "Self Portrait", charcoal on brown laid Ingres paper, 1933
File:Watercolour sketch by John Weeks, circa 1950.jpg, Watercolour landscape sketch, John Weeks,
File:Harun al-Rashid by Khalil Gibran.png, Sketch of Harun al-Rashid by Kahlil Gibran (1883–1931)
File:Oil Pastels sketch of Catherine G. Roraback and Ericka Huggins, as well as African American male Juror and African American female juror. 34.jpg, Court sketch from the New Haven Black Panther trials, Robert Templeton, 1971
File:Henry Scott Tuke Sketch of Charlie Mitchell for Gleaming Waters.webp, Sketch by Henry Scott Tuke for his painting '' Gleaming waters,'' showing Charlie Mitchell (1885–1957)
File:Dessin homme à la sanguine école italienne 18ème siècle.jpg, Italian sanguine sketch of a male nude, 18th century

See also

* Doodle
* Draft document, for the same concept, but in writing form
* Etch A Sketch, a toy
* List of sketches of notable people by Marguerite Martyn
* Multi-sketch
* Sketchnoting
* Urban Sketchers

References

Sources

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External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sketch (Drawing)
Visual arts media
Drawing