
Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton
(8 September 1918 – 16 March 1998) was an English
organic chemist
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the science, scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic matter, organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain ...
and
Nobel Prize laureate
The Nobel Prizes (, ) are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the ...
for 1969.
Education and early life
Barton was born in
Gravesend, Kent
Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, situated 21 miles (35 km) east-southeast of Charing Cross (central London) on the Bank (geography), south bank of the River Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. Located in the diocese of Roche ...
, to William Thomas and Maude Henrietta Barton (''née'' Lukes).
He attended
Gravesend Grammar School
Gravesend Grammar School is a selective grammar school with academy status located in Gravesend, Kent, England. The school accepts boys at age 11 through the 11+ exam accepting a cohort of the top 15–20% and boys and girls at 16, based on the ...
(1926–29),
The King's School, Rochester
The King's School, Rochester, is a private co-educational all through day and boarding school in Rochester, Kent. It is a cathedral school and, being part of the foundation of Rochester Cathedral. The school claims to be the second oldest co ...
(1929–32),
Tonbridge School
Tonbridge School is a public school (English fee-charging boarding and day school for boys aged 13–18) in Tonbridge, Kent, England, founded in 1553 by Sir Andrew Judde (sometimes spelt Judd). It is a member of the Eton Group and has clo ...
(1932–35) and Medway Technical College (1937–39). In 1938 he entered
Imperial College London
Imperial College London, also known as Imperial, is a Public university, public research university in London, England. Its history began with Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria, who envisioned a Al ...
, where he graduated in 1940 and obtained his
PhD
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; or ) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the deg ...
degree in
Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the science, scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic matter, organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain ...
in 1942.
Career and research
From 1942 to 1944, Barton was a government research chemist, then from 1944 to 1945 he worked for
Albright and Wilson Albright may refer to:
*Albright (surname)
*Albright, Alberta, Canada
*Albright, West Virginia, United States
*Albright College, a liberal arts college located in Reading, Pennsylvania, United States
*Albright–Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, ...
in
Birmingham
Birmingham ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands (county), West Midlands, within the wider West Midlands (region), West Midlands region, in England. It is the Lis ...
. He then became Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Chemistry of Imperial College, and from 1946 to 1949 he was
ICI #REDIRECT ICI
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Research Fellow.
During 1949 and 1950, he was a visiting lecturer in natural products chemistry at
Harvard University
Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...
, and was then appointed reader in organic chemistry and, in 1953, professor at
Birkbeck College
Birkbeck, University of London (formally Birkbeck College, University of London), is a public research university located in London, England, and a member institution of the University of London. Established in 1823 as the London Mechanics' ...
. In 1955, he became
Regius Professor of Chemistry at the
University of Glasgow
The University of Glasgow (abbreviated as ''Glas.'' in Post-nominal letters, post-nominals; ) is a Public university, public research university in Glasgow, Scotland. Founded by papal bull in , it is the List of oldest universities in continuous ...
, and in 1957, he was appointed professor of organic chemistry at
Imperial College, London
Imperial College London, also known as Imperial, is a Public university, public research university in London, England. Its history began with Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria, who envisioned a Al ...
. In 1950, Barton showed that organic molecules could be assigned a preferred
conformation based upon results accumulated by chemical physicists, in particular by
Odd Hassel. Using this new technique of
conformational analysis, he later determined the geometry of many other natural product molecules.
In 1969, Barton shared the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry () is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outst ...
with Odd Hassel for “contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry."
In 1958, Barton was appointed Arthur D. Little Visiting Professor of
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a Private university, private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of moder ...
, and in 1959 Karl Folkers Visiting Professor at the
Universities of Illinois and
Wisconsin
Wisconsin ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States. It borders Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michig ...
. The same year, he was elected a foreign honorary member of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (The Academy) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and other ...
.
In 1949, he was the first recipient of the
Corday-Morgan Medal and Prize awarded by the
Royal Society of Chemistry
The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) is a learned society and professional association in the United Kingdom with the goal of "advancing the chemistry, chemical sciences". It was formed in 1980 from the amalgamation of the Chemical Society, the ...
. In 1954 he was elected a
Fellow of the Royal Society
Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural science, natural knowledge, incl ...
and the International Academy of Science, Munich as well as, in 1956, a Fellow of the
Royal Society of Edinburgh
The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE) is Scotland's national academy of science and letters. It is a registered charity that operates on a wholly independent and non-partisan basis and provides public benefit throughout Scotland. It was establis ...
; in 1965 he was appointed member of the
Council for Scientific Policy. He was
knight
A knight is a person granted an honorary title of a knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church, or the country, especially in a military capacity.
The concept of a knighthood ...
ed in 1972, becoming formally
styled Sir Derek in Britain. In 1978, he became Director of the
Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
The Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ("Institute for the chemistry of natural substances"), or ICSN, is part of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique, France's most prominent public research organization.
Located at Gif-s ...
(ICSN - Gif Sur-Yvette) in
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
.
In 1977, on the occasion of the centenary of the Royal Institute of Chemistry, the British Post Office honoured him, and 5 other Nobel Prize-winning British chemists, with a series of four postage stamps featuring aspects of their discoveries.
He moved to the United States in 1986 (specifically
Texas
Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...
) and became
distinguished professor at
Texas A&M University
Texas A&M University (Texas A&M, A&M, TA&M, or TAMU) is a public university, public, Land-grant university, land-grant, research university in College Station, Texas, United States. It was founded in 1876 and became the flagship institution of ...
and held this position for 12 years until his death.
In 1996, Barton published a comprehensive volume of his works, entitled ''Reason and Imagination: Reflections on Research in Organic Chemistry.''
As well as for his work on conformation, his name is remembered in a number of reactions in organic chemistry, such as the
Barton reaction
The Barton reaction, also known as the Barton nitrite ester reaction, is a photochemical reaction that involves the photolysis of an alkyl nitrite to form a δ-nitroso Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol.
Discovered in 1960, the reaction is named for its ...
, the
Barton decarboxylation
The Barton decarboxylation is a radical reaction in which a carboxylic acid is converted to a thiohydroxamate ester (commonly referred to as a Barton ester). The product is then heated in the presence of a radical initiator and a suitable hydrogen ...
, and the
Barton-McCombie deoxygenation.
The newly built Barton Science Centre at
Tonbridge School
Tonbridge School is a public school (English fee-charging boarding and day school for boys aged 13–18) in Tonbridge, Kent, England, founded in 1553 by Sir Andrew Judde (sometimes spelt Judd). It is a member of the Eton Group and has clo ...
in
Kent
Kent is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Essex across the Thames Estuary to the north, the Strait of Dover to the south-east, East Sussex to the south-west, Surrey to the west, and Gr ...
, where he was educated for 4 years, completed in 2019, is named after him.
Honours and awards
Barton was elected a
Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1954.
In 1966 he was elected a Member of the
German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (), in short Leopoldina, is the national academy of Germany, and is located in Halle (Saale). Founded on 1 January 1652, based on academic models in Italy, it was originally named the ''Academi ...
. He was elected to the United States
National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, NGO, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the ...
in 1970 and the
American Philosophical Society
The American Philosophical Society (APS) is an American scholarly organization and learned society founded in 1743 in Philadelphia that promotes knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences through research, professional meetings, publicat ...
in 1978.
* -
Knight Bachelor
The title of Knight Bachelor is the basic rank granted to a man who has been knighted by the monarch but not inducted as a member of one of the organised Order of chivalry, orders of chivalry; it is a part of the Orders, decorations, and medals ...
(1972)
* -
Légion d'honneur
The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five cl ...
(1972)
Personal life
Sir Derek married three times: Jeanne Kate Wilkins (on 20 December 1944); Christiane Cognet (died 1992) (in 1969); and Judith Von-Leuenberger Cobb (1939-2012) (in 1993).
He had a son by his first marriage.
References
External links
* including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1969 ''The Principles of Conformational Analysis''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barton, Derek
1918 births
1998 deaths
People from Gravesend, Kent
People educated at Gravesend Grammar School
People educated at Tonbridge School
People educated at King's School, Rochester
Alumni of Imperial College London
Academics of Birkbeck, University of London
Academics of Imperial College London
Harvard University staff
British organic chemists
British physical chemists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Knights Bachelor
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Nobel laureates in Chemistry
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Texas A&M University faculty
Recipients of the Copley Medal
Royal Medal winners
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
English Nobel laureates
Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
Regius Professors
International members of the American Philosophical Society