Simone Saint-Dénis (1934 2008) was a trade union leader from
Gabon
Gabon ( ; ), officially the Gabonese Republic (), is a country on the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, on the equator, bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo to the east and south, and ...
, who played an active role in politics in the post-independence era.
Biography
Saint-Dénis was born in
Libreville
Libreville (; ) is the capital and largest city of Gabon, located on the Gabon Estuary. Libreville occupies of the northwestern province of Estuaire Province, Estuaire. Libreville is also a port on the Gabon Estuary, near the Gulf of Guinea. A ...
in 1934, to parents from the
Mpongwe ethnic group.
Her father was
Mathurin Anghiley, a politician; her mother's identity is unrecorded.
Her father adopted the surname Saint-Dénis after he discovered that his birth father was a Danish sailor, rather than his mother's husband.
Her father had served in the French military and the family had wine and bread at most meals.
In 1948 Saint-Dénis completed her secondary education at a Catholic mission school and immediately became engaged to Balé - a timber camp worker.
At the new, her father forced her out of the house, the engagement was short and broken off by Balé; Saint-Dénis then moved in with her mother.
There were few jobs for educated women in post-war Libreville, so Saint-Dénis decided to train as a teacher.
In 1950 she began to teach at the school of the Catholic mission to
Donguila, a village in the remote
Estuaire Province
Estuaire is the most populous of Gabon's nine provinces. It covers an area of 20,740 km. The provincial capital is Akanda, but the largest city is Libreville, Gabon's national capital. The province is named for the Gabon Estuary, which li ...
, where most of the children spoke
Fang
A fang is a long, pointed tooth. In mammals, a fang is a modified maxillary tooth, used for biting and tearing flesh. In snakes, it is a specialized tooth that is associated with a venom gland (see snake venom). Spiders also have external fangs, ...
.
Trade unionism
The poor pay of teachers first drew Saint-Dénis to become involved with unionism through the
Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens
The French Confederation of Christian Workers (; CFTC) is one of the five major France, French confederation of trade unions, belonging to the Christian socialism, social Christian tradition.
It was founded in 1919 as the Trade Union of Employe ...
(CFTC).
Through Saint-Dénis' activism, the CFTC negotiated pay increases for teachers at Catholic schools in the 1950s.
Her work with the CFTC continued after Gabon's independence and from 1960-67 she represented Gabonese unions at a variety of international meetings, travelling to Copenhagen, Rome, and Bucharest.
However after an attempted military coup in 1964, the Gabonese government under
Léon M’ba tried to increase control over unions.
His successor
Oumar Bongo Ondimba consolidated control, leaving little room for trade unions and their representatives like Saint-Dénis.
In the 1970s, the
Parti Démocratique Gabonais (PDG) coerced Saint-Dénis into accepting a job for them organising musical events, where women's groups representing the diversity of Gabon sang and danced to show support for the PDG.
Despite this she remained involved with unionism and in 1976 was elected Joint Secretary of the
Fédération Syndicale Gabonaise (FESYGA) with Owondault Berre; in 1980 she was elected Secretary.
Personal life
Saint-Dénis had two children with a Gabonese diplomat.
She retired from the PDG in 1981 and died in Libreville in 2008 from complications due to diabetes.
In her later life she spoke to many Western researchers, whose recordings of her life provide an insightful perspective on twentieth-century Gabon.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint-Dénis, Simone
1930 births
2008 deaths
Gabonese educators
Gabonese women in politics
People from Libreville
Women trade unionists
21st-century Gabonese politicians