Simao District (; formerly known as Cuiyun District) is a

district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...

under the

jurisdiction Jurisdiction (from Latin 'law' and 'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. In federations like the United States, the concept of jurisdiction applies at multiple level ...

Pu'er City Pu'er is a prefecture-level city in southern Yunnan Province, China. Pu'er City governs 9 counties, 1 district, 103 townships (towns), and a total population of 2.65 million. The urban administrative center of Pu'er is Simao District, which is ...

Yunnan Province Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces ...

, China. It is the seat of Pu'er Prefecture. Formerly both Simao and the surrounding region of Pu'er prefecture played a major role in the historic tea horse trade between Yunnan, Tibet and India, with Simao acting as the southern terminus or starting point for the transport of tea by mule caravan north to Dali,

Lijiang Lijiang ( zh, s= ), formerly romanized as Likiang, is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Yunnan Province, China. It has an area of and had a population of 1,253,878 at the 2020 census whom 288,787 lived in the built-up area (metro) ...

and

Lhasa Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa (city), Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China. Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining ...

. Tea remains a central crop and product of the region.

Geography

Simao District is located in the south-central part of Pu'er City in southern Yunnan and borders Jiangcheng County to the east,

Lancang County Lancang Lahu Autonomous County (; Lahu: ) is an autonomous county under the jurisdiction of Pu'er City, in southwestern Yunnan province, China. Lancang is the same as Lan Xang, and refers to the Mekong River (known in Chinese as the Lancang) o ...

and Jinggu County to the west,

Jinghong Jinghong (; ; , , ; , ; , ; also formerly romanised as ''Chiang Hung'', ''Chengrung'', ''Cheng Hung'', Jeng Hung, ''Jinghung'', ''Keng Hung'', ''Kiang Hung'' and ''Muangjinghung'') is a city in and the seat of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefec ...

and Menghai County to the south and

Ning'er County The Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County is an autonomous county under the jurisdiction of Pu'er City in the south of Yunnan Province, China. It is in the center of Pu'er City and borders Mojiang County across the Babian River to the east and no ...

to the north.

Administrative divisions

Simao District has 1 subdistrict, 4 towns and 2 ethnic townships. ;1 subdistrict * Simao Subdistrict () ;4 towns *

Nanping Nanping; historically known as Yanping ( zh, s=延平, poj=Iân-pêng is a third-tier prefecture-level city in northwestern Fujian province of China, Province, China, People's Republic of China. It borders Ningde to the east, Sanming to the sou ...

() * Yixiang () * Simaogang () * Liushun () ;2 ethnic townships * Longtan Yi and Dai Ethnic Township () * Yunxian Yi Ethnic Township ()

Ethnic groups

Simao District is ethnically diverse, with Han, Yi, Dai, Hani, Bulang, Wa, Lahu, and other ethnic groups.

Han Chinese The Han Chinese, alternatively the Han people, are an East Asian people, East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China. With a global population of over 1.4 billion, the Han Chinese are the list of contemporary ethnic groups, world's la ...

live mostly in Simaoba 思茅坝, Yixiangba 倚象坝, and Laojuntian 老君田 (''Simao Prefecture Almanac'' 1993:477). They numbered 105,133 people as of 1990, making more up than 75% of the population. The

Yi people The Yi or Nuosu people (Nuosu language, Nuosu: , ; see also #Names and subgroups, § Names and subgroups) are an ethnic group in South China, southern China. Numbering nine million people, they are the seventh largest of the 55 Ethnic minorit ...

of Gaojiazhai 髙家寨 and Manxieba 曼歇坝 in Simaoba 思茅坝 speak the Southern Yi dialect (南部方言), while the Yi of other areas speak the Western Yi dialect of Weishan County () (''Simao Prefecture Almanac'' 1993:478). They numbered 17,459 people as of 1990. Ethnic Yi townships in Simao district are Longtan 龙潭彝族傣族乡 and Yunxian 云仙彝族乡 townships. Some of the Yi in Simao are also known as Xiangtang 香堂. The

Dai people The Dai people ( Burmese: ရှမ်းလူမျိုး; ; ; ; , ; , ; zh, c=, p=Dǎizú) are several Tai-speaking ethnic groups living in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture ...

live in various villages on both sides of the Dazhong 大中河, Jiufang 酒房河, and Xiaohejiang 小黑江 rivers, namely Mangdie 芒垒, Mangyao 芒腰, Mangpan 芒畔, Qianluo 迁洛, Jiufang 酒房, Longtan 龙潭彝族傣族乡, Zhengwan 整碗, Mamu 骂木, Bangnong 蚌弄, Boluo 菠萝, and other villages (''Simao Prefecture Almanac'' 1993:478). They numbered 4,142 people as of 1990. The

Hani people The Hani or Ho people (Hani language, Hani: ''Haqniq''; zh, c=哈尼族, p=Hānízú; / 𠊛何贰) are a Loloish languages, Lolo-speaking ethnic group in Southern China, Northern Laos, and Vietnam. They form one of the 56 List of ethnic g ...

live in (''Simao Prefecture Almanac'' 1993:478). They numbered 3,722 people as of 1990. Some migrated from Tongxin 同心 and Mengxian 勐先 of Pu'er County 普洱县 (now renamed as

Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County The Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County is an autonomous county under the jurisdiction of Pu'er City in the south of Yunnan Province, China. It is in the center of Pu'er City and borders Mojiang County across the Babian River to the east and ...

) during the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

era, while others migrated in 1971 from Lianhe 联合, Xin'an 新安, Xinfu 新抚, and Baliu 坝溜 townships of

Mojiang County Mojiang Hani Autonomous County (; Hani: ) is an autonomous county under the jurisdiction of Pu'er City, in the south of Yunnan Province, China. It borders Zhenyuan County and Xinping County to the north, Yuanjiang County, Honghe County and ...

墨江县. Subgroups include Biyue 碧约, Budu 布都, Kaduo 卡堕, Ximoluo 西摩洛, and Bukong 布孔. In Simao District, the

Bulang people The Blang people (known in China as Bulang; ) or Plang () are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 List of ethnic groups in China, ethnic groups officially recognized by the China, People's Republic of China. They live in the areas of sout ...

(population 272 as of 1990) live near the junction of the Xiaohei River 小黑江 and Lancang River 澜沧江, in the villages of Guanzhai 官寨, Tuanliangzi 团梁子, Mangbang 芒蚌, Mangba 芒坝, etc., in a total of six villages (''Simao Prefecture Almanac'' 1993:480). The Wa people live alongside

and

in Mangba 芒坝 and Tuanliangzi 团梁子 (''Simao Prefecture Almanac'' 1993:482). They numbered 1,627 people as of 1990. The

Lahu people The Lahu people (; ; Lāhùzú; ) are an ethnic group native to China, Myanmar, and the rest of Southeast Asia, Mainland Southeast Asia. Etymology The Chinese name "Lahu" is a phono-semantic matching of the Lahu endonym, and literally means ...

live in Nanping Township () and Yixiang Township () (in Nalitian , Yongqing Village ()) (''Simao Prefecture Almanac'' 1993:482). They numbered 1,265 people as of 1990.

Transport

Simao Airport (IATA: SYM, ICAO: ZPSM).

Herbariums

*Simao District National Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute Herbarium, (founded 1970) of the Simao District Public Health Bureau *Simao Forestry Bureau Herbarium (founded 1991)

References

External links

Simao District Official Website
{{Authority control County-level divisions of Pu'er City