Sihanouk National Army
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The National Army of the Sihanoukists (;) (ANS) were the armed forces of the Cambodian monarchists who supported
Norodom Sihanouk Norodom Sihanouk (; 31 October 192215 October 2012) was a member of the House of Norodom, Cambodian royal house who led the country as Monarchy of Cambodia, King, List of heads of state of Cambodia, Chief of State and Prime Minister of Cambodi ...
. They awre the paramilitary wing of the FUNCINPEC party. In the 1980s, it participated in the armed struggle against the Vietnamese occupation and the PRK government. In the Kingdom of Cambodia, it continued to function as the FUNCINPEC party armed wing. It was incorporated into the
Royal Cambodian Army The Royal Cambodian Army (, ; ) is a part of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces. It has ground forces which numbered 85,000 divided into eleven divisions of infantry, with integrated armour and artillery support. The Royal Army is under the ju ...
.


Forming a coalition

After the Vietnamese intervention and the overthrow of Democratic Kampuchea in January 1979, Cambodia was ruled by the pro-Vietnamese and pro-Soviet regime of the
People's Republic of Kampuchea The People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) was a partially recognised state in Southeast Asia which existed from 1979 to 1989. It was a satellite state of Vietnam, founded in Cambodia by the Vietnamese-backed Kampuchean United Front for Nationa ...
. The Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, retreated to the hard-to-reach areas of the western part of the country. The
National Army of Democratic Kampuchea The National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (NADK) was a Cambodian guerrilla force. NADK were the armed forces of the Party of Democratic Kampuchea also known as "Khmer Rouge", operating between 1979 and the late 1990s. History NADK was formed i ...
(NDK), which they established, launched a guerrilla war. In October 1979, the National Liberals
Son Sann Son Sann (, ; 5 October 191119 December 2000) was a Cambodian politician and anti-communist resistance leader who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Cambodia (1967–68) and later as President of the National Assembly (1993). A devout ...
created the KPNLF with its
Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces The Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF, ) was the military component of the Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) a political front organized in 1979 in opposition to the Vietnamese-installed People's Republic of ...
(KPNLAF). The third opposition group were the supporters of Prince Norodom Sihanouk, organized in the FUNCINPEC and MOULINAKA parties. On June 22, 1982,
Khieu Samphan Khieu Samphan (; born 28 July 1931) is a Cambodian former communist politician and economist who was the chairman of the state presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) from 1976 until 1979. As such, he served as Cambodia's head of state a ...
, Son Sann and Sihanouk established the
Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea The Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK; , ''Roathaphibal Chamroh Kampuchea Pracheathipatai''), renamed in 1990 to the National Government of Cambodia (NGC; , ''Roathaphibal Cheat Ney Kampuchea''), was a coalition government in e ...
(CGDK), a bloc of the Democratic Kampuchea Party (Khmer Rouge), KPNLF and FUNCINPEC in the
Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur (KL), officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, is the capital city and a Federal Territories of Malaysia, federal territory of Malaysia. It is the largest city in the country, covering an area of with a census population ...
. Soon, a meeting was held between the commanders of the armed groups — Son Sung, Sak Sutsakan and Norodom Ranarita. The latter represented the armed forces of FUNCINPEC and MOULINAKA. They were named the National Sihanoukist Army (the French-language name Armée Nationale Sihanoukiste, ANS was adopted internationally). The Military Coordination Meeting of the CGDK was established. A narrower military structure was also created — the Joint Military Command (JMC) of the non — communist part of the CGDK-Republicans and Sihanoukists. Sak Soutsakan (KPNLAF) became the Commander — in — Chief, Teap Ben (ANS) became the Deputy, Toan Chai (ANS) became the Chief of the General Staff, and Abdul Ghaffar Peang — Met (KPNLAF) became his deputy.


Equipment, command, and size

Initially, the Sihanoukist units based in the Thai-Kampuchean border area were extremely small, poorly armed and equipped, and faced food shortages. However, the situation changed after the establishment of the CGDK and the establishment of regular supplies from China and ASEAN countries. Nevertheless, the maximum estimated number of ANS members was around 11,000. Sihanouk himself claimed that there were 8,500 members, while estimates typically range from 5,000 to 7,000. This is significantly lower than NADK (35-50 thousand) and KPNLAF (12-15 thousand). The ANS' weapons, like those of other CGDK units, mostly originated from China. The camouflage uniforms were supplied by ASEAN countries. There were no insignia, and the soldiers were identified by images of Sihanouk and royal symbols The ANS was commanded by Norodom Sihanouk's son Prince
Norodom Ranariddh Norodom Ranariddh (; 2 January 1944 – 28 November 2021, Romanization of Khmer#UNGEGN, UNGEGN: , Romanization of Khmer#ALA-LC Romanization Tables, ALA-LC: ) was a Cambodian politician and law academic. He was the second son of King Norodom S ...
, with his brother Norodom Chakrapong as chief of staff. For a short time, the command was held by former Home Minister
In Tam In Tam ( ; 22 September 19161 April 2006) was a Cambodian politician who once served as the prime minister of the Khmer Republic. He served in that position from 6 May 1973 to 9 December 1973, and had a long career in Cambodian politics. Polit ...
, but due to his prior involvement with
Lon Nol Marshal Lon Nol (, also ; 13 November 1913 – 17 November 1985) was a Cambodian military officer and politician who served as Prime Minister of Cambodia twice (1966–67; 1969–71), as well as serving repeatedly as defence minister and provi ...
, he was not trusted by Sihanouk and was soon removed. The ANS's military weakness compared to the Son Sann and Pol Pot factions limited its activities. However, the massive Vietnamese offensive in 1984 and 1985 caused significant damage to the NAK and KPNLAF. As a result, the ANS became more active and attempted to advance deeper into Cambodian territory. Its forces were not only present in the western province of Battambang but also in the central province of Kampong Thom. During this period, the ANS significantly strengthened and pushed back the KPNLAF. There were direct clashes between the ANS and the NADK. At the time of the
Paris Peace Accords The Paris Peace Accords (), officially the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Viet Nam (), was a peace agreement signed on January 27, 1973, to establish peace in Vietnam and end the Vietnam War. It took effect at 8:00 the follo ...
, the ANS was estimated to have 17,500 members, which dropped to 14,000 the following year. This sharp decrease was due to the end of the war and the de facto legalization of FUNCINPEC.


See also

1997 Cambodian coup d'état The 1997 Cambodian coup d'état (, UNGEGN: ''Rôdthâbrâhar Kâmpŭchéa chhnăm 1997'') took place in Cambodia from July to September 1997. As a result, co-premier Hun Sen ousted the other co-premier Norodom Ranariddh. At least 32 people were ...


References

{{Reflist Factions of the Third Indochina War Military wings of political parties Rebel groups in Cambodia Military history of Cambodia Anti-communist guerrilla organizations Cold War rebellions Guerrilla organizations Rebellions in Asia Cambodian–Vietnamese War Monarchist organizations