The Kibbutz Movement (, ''HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit'') is the largest

settlement movement The settlement movement was a reformist social movement that began in the 1880s and peaked around the 1920s in the United Kingdom and the United States. Its goal was to bring the rich and the poor of society together in both physical proximity an ...

for

kibbutz A kibbutz ( / , ; : kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1910, was Degania Alef, Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economi ...

im in

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

. It was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi and is made up of approximately 230 kibbutzim. It does not include the

Religious Kibbutz Movement The Religious Kibbutz Movement (, ''HaKibbutz HaDati'') is an organizational framework for Orthodox kibbutzim in Israel. Its membership includes 22 communities, 16 of them traditional kibbutzim, and 6 others in the category of Moshav shitufi, ...

with its 16 kibbutzim or the two

Poalei Agudat Yisrael Poalei Agudat Yisrael () was a trade union and Jewish political party in the Second Polish Republic and a minor political party in Israel. It was also known as PAI or PAGI, its Hebrew abbreviation (Hebrew: or ). History Poalei Agudas Izrael wa ...

-affiliated religious kibbutzim.

United Kibbutz Movement

The United Kibbutz Movement (, ''HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit HaMeuhedet''), also known by its Hebrew acronym ''TaKaM'' (), was founded in 1981 and was largely aligned with the Labor Party and its predecessors. It had been formed by a merger itself, when ''HaKibbutz HaMeuhad'' and ''Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim'' came together. Consequently, their respective youth movements merged into the

Habonim Dror Habonim Dror (, "the builders–freedom") is a Jewish Labor Zionist youth movement formed in 1982 through the merger of two earlier movements: Habonim and Dror. Habonim (, "the builders") was established in 1929 in the United Kingdom and later e ...

youth movement. In 1999 a third movement, Artzi, joined the United Kibbutz Movement, although it maintains a certain autonomy, as does its

Hashomer Hatzair Hashomer Hatzair (, , 'The Young Guard') is a Labor Zionism, Labor Zionist, secular Jewish youth movement founded in 1913 in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary. It was also the name of the Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party, the ...

youth movement.

History

HaKibbutz HaMeuhad

HaKibbutz HaMeuhad {{refimprove, date=April 2025 HaKibbutz HaMeuhad ({{langx, he, הקיבוץ המאוחד, , The United Kibbutz) was a union of kibbutzim. It had been formed in 1927 by the union of several kibbutz bodies and was associated with Ahdut HaAvoda party. ...

(''The United Kibbutz'') had been formed in 1927 by the union of several kibbutz bodies and was associated with the

Poale Zion Poale Zion (, also romanized ''Poalei Tziyon'' or ''Poaley Syjon'', meaning "Workers of Zion") was a movement of Marxist–Zionist Jewish workers founded in various cities of Poland, Europe and the Russian Empire at about the turn of the 20th c ...

and later

Ahdut HaAvoda Ahdut HaAvoda () was the name used by a series of List of political parties in Israel, political parties in Israel. Ahdut HaAvoda in its first incarnation was led by David Ben-Gurion. It was first established during the period of Mandatory Pales ...

parties and was aligned with the Habonim youth movement.

Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim

Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim (, lit. ''Union of the

Kvutzot A kvutza, kvutzah, kevutza or kevutzah ( "group") is a form of cooperative settlement that was founded in the Second Aliyah and developed in the Third Aliyah, its principles are based on the existence of a cooperative, communal, small and intimat ...

and the Kibbutzim'') had been formed in 1951 by the union of ''Hever HaKvutzot'' (, lit. ''Group of the Kvutzot'') and Ihud HaKibbutzim (, lit. ''Union of the Kibbutzim''). The movement included kibbutzim which had left ''HaKibbutz HaMeuhad'' for ideological reasons and was aligned with the Labour Party and its predecessors,

Mapai Mapai (, an abbreviation for , ''Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael'', ) was a Labor Zionist and democratic socialist political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the Israeli Labor Party in January ...

and the Dror youth movement.

Kibbutz Artzi

Kibbutz Artzi ( ''hakibúts haartsí'', lit. ''Nationwide Kibbutz'') was a kibbutz movement associated with the

youth movement, and the

Mapam File:Pre-State_Zionist_Workers'_Parties_chart.png, chart of zionist workers parties, 360px, right rect 167 83 445 250 Hapoel Hatzair rect 450 88 717 265 The non-partisans (pre-state Zionist political movement), Non Partisans rect 721 86 995 243 ...

political party. It was founded on 1 April 1927, and had 85 kibbutzim and 28,000 members in 1998.

References

External links

Official website
{{Authority control 1999 establishments in Israel Labor Zionism