Siegfried Kasche

Siegfried Kasche (18 June 1903 – 7 June 1947) was a German Nazi Party politician who served as the ambassador of Nazi Germany to the Independent State of Croatia where he was complicit in the atrocities committed against Serbs, Jews and other ethnic groups. He was also an SA-''Obergruppenführer'' in the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA), a Nazi paramilitary organization. He headed the SA agricultural settlement program to replace native populations in the occupied Polish territories with SA settlers. Kasche was proposed as the head of the '' Reichskommissariat Moskowien'' but, due to German military reversals, the ''Reichskommissariat'' was never established. Following the end of the Second World War, he was put on trial in Croatia, convicted of war crimes and hanged.

Early life

Kasche was born in Strausberg, the son of a physician. After graduating from the Victoria '' Gymnasium'' (today, the ), he attended cadet school in Potsdam and the '' Preußische Hauptkadettenanstalt'' military academy in Lichterfelde. He served in the ''Freikorps'' between 1919 and 1920 as a company commander, seeing action in Berlin and the Baltic states, for which he was awarded the Baltic Cross. Leaving the military, he was employed in various fields, including agriculture, banking, the glass industry and the textile trade. Throughout this time, he was involved with right-wing nationalist military associations (''Wehrverbände'').Siegfried Kasche entry
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Nazi Party and SA career

Kasche joined the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) in 1925 and the Nazi Party on 9 January 1926. As an early Party member, he later would be awarded the Golden Party Badge. Between 1928 and 1931, Kasche held posts as SA-''Führer'', '' Bezirksleiter'' and Deputy ''Gauleiter'' in ''Gau Ostmark'' under Wilhelm Kube. In November 1929, he was elected to the city council in Sorau (today, Żary) and to the '' Kreistag'' (district council), serving as the Nazi faction leader in both bodies. In September 1930, he was elected to the '' Reichstag'' from electoral constituency 5 ( Frankfurt on the Oder ). He would retain a ''Reichstag'' seat until the fall of the Nazi regime, switching to constituency 16 ( South Hanover–Braunschweig) at the 1936 election and constituency 34 (Hamburg) at the 1938 election.

Attaining the rank of SA-''Gruppenführer'' in 1932, Kasche headed the SA-''Gruppe Pommern'' and later advanced to the leadership of SA-''Obergruppe'' II with headquarters in Stettin (today, Szczecin). At the end of June 1934, Kasche was one of the SA senior general officers to survive the Night of the Long Knives, when SA-'' Stabschef'' Ernst Röhm and many of his close associates were murdered. Hermann Göring, Prussian Minister-president and ''Reichstag'' president, was coordinating the murders in Berlin. Kasche survived execution by pleading his case with Göring who arranged for him to be left unharmed. Kasche served as the ''Führer'' of SA-''Gruppe Niedersachsen'' in Hanover from 1934 to 1937. On 9 November 1936, he was promoted to SA-''Obergruppenführer'' and, in November 1937, he was transferred to become the ''Führer'' of SA-''Gruppe Hansa'', headquartered in Hamburg. He replaced SA-''Gruppenführer'' Herbert Fust in this post.

In September 1938, SA-''Stabschef'' Viktor Lutze appointed Kasche as the SA Representative for New Farming Settlements and Ethnicity Issues. He was charged with furnishing prospective settlers from the SA ranks to take up new farming settlements in eastern Germany. Recruits were required to be at least twenty-five years old, married and of Aryan descent. It was intended that they would provide ideological and political homogeneity in the new settlements to act as a bulwark against the neighboring states. The outbreak of the Second World War and the quest for ''Lebensraum'' provided an opportunity to expand the program into territory conquered from Poland. Previously Polish-owned farms were expropriated, and it is estimated that nearly 15,000 such farms were seized in formerly Polish sections of Upper Silesia alone.

Unfortunately for Kasche, on 7 October 1939, Adolf Hitler appointed ''Reichsführer-SS'' Heinrich Himmler as Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood to coordinate the return, repatriation, and settlement of ethnic Germans in the conquered territories. Kasche lacked the power to challenge Himmler over their competing plans and, although he attempted to retain a role for continuing to resettle SA men from Germany proper, Himmler successfully marginalized the SA agricultural settlement program. Combined with a lack of interested SA recruits (only 2,150 volunteers by April 1941 as opposed to the estimated 45,000 needed), this spelled failure for Kasche's program. At the time he left the post for his next assignment, no successor was immediately appointed and the SA eventually gave up on any direct role in the settlement project.

Wartime service and ambassador to Croatia

On the outbreak of the war in September 1939, Kasche entered the ''Wehrmacht'' as an officer and participated in the Polish and French campaigns. He was wounded in March 1940, and he was awarded the Iron Cross, 1st and 2nd class for his military service.

In February 1941, Kasche was assigned to the Foreign Ministry for diplomatic service. On 15 April 1941, when Germany recognized the Independent State of Croatia, Kasche was named ambassador, arriving in Zagreb on 20 April. He was one of a handful of SA officers appointed to diplomatic posts in central and southeastern Europe by Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop in an effort to limit Himmler's influence in the area. For his part, Kasche had never forgiven the SS for its involvement in the Röhm purge. However, he had no diplomatic training or background and, according to one German observer in Zagreb, "he barely knew where Croatia was". Kasche also retained his post as SA ''Fuhrer'' in Hamburg until 21 January 1942, when Herbert Fust returned to the position.

At a meeting of the Nazi leadership at Hitler's Wolf's Lair headquarters on 16 July 1941, Kasche was designated as the future '' Reichskommissar'' of the planned Nazi occupation regime to be called '' Moskau'', which was to comprise the main territories of central and northern Russia up to the Ural Mountains. German military reversals on the eastern front during the 1941–42 winter that culminated in the failure to take Moscow prevented its establishment, leaving the project in the planning stages.

War crimes

In Croatia, Kasche advocated a joint effort of the Axis forces against the Yugoslav partisans. On 4 June 1941, Kasche led a meeting of German and Croatian officials who agreed on a resettlement scheme that would ultimately affect half a million persons in four countries. However, it proved impossible to resettle nearly one-third of the population of this multi-ethnic state. Nonetheless, during the war many Serbs were deported from Croatia — some to Serbia and others to Germany. The order to deport the Serbs did not originate with the leaders of Croatia, who preferred to forcibly convert, kill, or detain as slave labor those Serbs within its boundaries. According to the Nuremberg Tribunal, the order originated from the conference held in the German Legation presided over by Kasche, "at which it was decided forcibly to evacuate the Slovenes to Croatia and Serbia and the Serbs from Croatia into Serbia. This decision results from a telegram from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Number 389, dated 31 May 1941".

The Croatian dictator Ante Pavelić and his ''Ustaše'' Croatian Revolutionary Movement were pledged to eliminate non-Croat influence in the new state, particularly that of Serbs and Jews. Since Kasche was very supportive of Pavelić and the ''Ustaše'', he justified their policy and actions to the extent that Adolf Hitler called him a "greater Croat than Pavelić". The expulsions triggered massive Serb resistance and the Croats unleashed a program of ethnic cleansing. There were widespread massacres, and concentration camps were turned into killing centers. By 1943, it is estimated that at least 400,000 people had been murdered. Kasche was in constant conflict with Edmund Glaise-Horstenau, the Wehrmacht Plenipotentiary-General in Croatia who protested the atrocities. After the unsuccessful Lorković–Vokić plot in 1944, an attempt to align Croatia with the Allies, Kasche denigrated Horstenau and forced his recall from Croatia, as he was involved in the plot. Kasche reported to Berlin on 18 April 1944 that "Croatia is one of the countries in which the Jewish problem has been solved".

Post-war trial and execution

After the war in Europe ended, Kasche was returned to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia by the Allies. He was tried by the Supreme Court of the People's Republic of Croatia in May 1947, convicted of war crimes and executed by hanging on 7 June 1947.Execution of Siegfried Kasche
jewishvirtuallibrary.org; accessed 5 May 2016.

References

Sources

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* Klee, Ernst (2007). ''Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945.'' Frankfurt am Main: Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag. p. 299. .
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kasche, Siegfried
1903 births
1947 deaths
20th-century Freikorps personnel
Anti-Serbian sentiment
Diplomats in the Nazi Party
Executed German mass murderers
Executed people from Brandenburg
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia perpetrators
German Army officers of World War II
German Protestants
Holocaust perpetrators in Yugoslavia
Members of the Reichstag 1930–1932
Members of the Reichstag 1932
Members of the Reichstag 1932–1933
Members of the Reichstag 1933
Members of the Reichstag 1933–1936
Members of the Reichstag 1936–1938
Members of the Reichstag 1938–1945
Nazis executed by Yugoslavia by hanging
People from Strausberg
Politicians from the Province of Brandenburg
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 2nd class
SA-Obergruppenführer