Siege Of Navarino (1572)
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The siege of Navarino was a military engagement between the Holy League fleet led by
John of Austria John of Austria (, ; 24 February 1547 – 1 October 1578) was the illegitimate son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles V recognized him in a codicil to his will. John became a military leader in the service of his half-brother, King Phi ...
who besieged the Ottoman garrison in Navarino. The siege ended in failure and the withdrawal of the Christian armada.


Prelude

On September 9, having learned about the newly built Ottoman fleet stationed at Navarino, Don John led the armada of 253 ships, with the Spanish in the center and the Venetian and papal fleets on either side. Don John called the council on how to deal with the Turkish admiral, it was then resolved to force their way to Modon and besiege it. On September 18 the fleet anchored at
Sapienza The Sapienza University of Rome (), formally the Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", abbreviated simply as Sapienza ('Wisdom'), is a public research university located in Rome, Italy. It was founded in 1303 and is as such one of the ...
to fetch some water, the Turks attacked them but withdrew upon landing reinforcements. The fleet made plans and several efforts to enter the harbor of Modon, but all efforts ended in vain due to the Ottoman's solid defenses. The fleet arrived in Navarino to keep an eye on the Ottoman fleet at Modon, on 20 September, some 30 Ottoman galleys from Modon arrived to find out what the armada of the league was up to but Álvaro de Bazán forced them to withdraw.


Siege

On 21 September, the Turks, occupying the castle which overlooked the bay of Navarino fired their cannons at the armada. Don John dispatched 20 galleys to
Zakynthos Zakynthos (also spelled Zakinthos; ; ) or Zante (, , ; ; from the Venetian language, Venetian form, traditionally Latinized as Zacynthus) is a Greece, Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands, with an are ...
for German infantry reinforcements. On 27 September, they sailed into the bay of Navarino, however, the channel was too narrow to enter and the Turkish guns were mounted on the shore, preventing them from entering. On October 2, Don John landed 5,000 troops led by Alexander Farnese ashore to capture the castle at Navarino. During the night, they climbed the steep slope to the Turkish castle. The allied troops made several attempts to capture the castle, but the garrison was enforced by detachments from Modon, and the siege ended in failure, resulting in the death of 750 men. Upon learning the news of reinforcements of 20,000 cavalry from the
Beylerbey ''Beylerbey'' (, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords’, sometimes rendered governor-general) was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Seljuks and the I ...
of Greece, the allies re-embarked on October 7, the first anniversary of Lepanto, and Don John announced the end of the campaign to the distress of the Venetians. As the galleys paid their last visit to Modon, they discovered that twenty Ottoman galleys were chasing a ship. The Christians quickened their pace to meet the Ottoman galleys trying to cut them off from re-entering Modon, and the Ottomans gave up their attempt to capture the ship. However,
Occhiali Occhiali (also Uluj Ali; born Giovanni Dionigi Galeni;  – 21 June 1587), later known as Kılıç Ali Paşa, was an Italian privateer and admiral who served as the commander of the Regency of Algiers and Grand Admiral (Kapudan Pasha) of ...
sent 15 galleys to reinforce the rest of the galleys and bombard the Christian fleet. All of the Ottoman galleys successfully reached Modon except one, which Alvaro de Bazen captured.
Miguel de Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( ; ; 29 September 1547 (assumed) – 22 April 1616 Old Style and New Style dates, NS) was a Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelist ...
, the famous Spanish writer participated in the siege of Navarino.María Antonia Garcés, Cervantes in Algiers: A Captive's Tale, p.

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References

{{coord missing, Greece 1572 in the Ottoman Empire Conflicts in 1572 Ionian Sea Naval battles of the Ottoman–Venetian Wars Naval battles involving the Ottoman Empire Naval battles involving the Republic of Venice Naval battles involving Spain Naval battles involving the Papal States