Italian War of 1494–98

* 5–8 September 1494:

Battle of Rapallo The Battle of Rapallo, was fought between Swiss mercenaries on Kingdom of France, French pay and their Genoese-Milanese allies led by Louis XII, Louis d'Orleans against Kingdom of Naples, Neapolitan forces led by Giulio Orsini on 5 September 149 ...

* 17 October 1494: skirmishes near

Sant'Agata sul Santerno Sant'Agata sul Santerno () is a ''comune'' in the Province of Ravenna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about east of Bologna and about west of Ravenna, bordering the municipalities of Lugo Lugo (, ) is a city in northwestern Spain ...

* 19–21 October 1494: * 26–29 October 1494: Siege of Fivizzano * 8–9 November 1494: Florentine revolt against de' Medici * Mid-November – 28 November 1494: French occupation of Florence * ? 1495: French conquest and destruction of the

Castello di Monte San Giovanni Campano Castello may refer to: Places *Municipalities of San Marino, known as Castello in Italian *Castello, Venice, the largest of the six ''sestieri'' of Venice *''Castello'', the old town center of Giudicato of Cagliari in Sardinia *''Castello'', a ne ...

* ? 1495: French sack of

Tuscania Tuscania is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Viterbo, Lazio Region, Italy. Until the late 19th century the town was known as Toscanella. History Antiquity According to the legend, Tuscania was founded by Aeneas' son, Ascanius, wher ...

(

Province of Viterbo The province of Viterbo () is a Provinces of Italy, province in the Lazio region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Viterbo. Geography Viterbo is the most northerly of the provinces of Lazio. It is bordered to the south by the Metropolitan Cit ...

) * 22 February 1495: French capture of Naples * 2 May 1495: Battle of Rapallo (1495) * 11 June 1495: French occupation of Novara * 28 June 1495:

Battle of Seminara The Battle of Seminara, part of the First Italian War, was fought in Calabria on 28 June 1495 between a French garrison in recently conquered Southern Italy and the allied forces of Spain and Naples which were attempting to reconquer these te ...

* 1 July 1495: Skirmish near Giarolo * 6 July 1495:

Battle of Fornovo The Battle of Fornovo took place 30 km (19 miles) southwest of the city of Parma on 6 July 1495. It was fought as Charles VIII of France, King Charles VIII of Kingdom of France, France left Kingdom of Naples, Naples upon hearing the news of the ...

* 6–7 July 1495: Neapolitan recapture of Naples * 6 July – 8 December 1495: Siege of the

Castel Nuovo Castel Nuovo (; ; 'New Castle'), often called Maschio Angioino (; ; ' Angevin Keep'), is a medieval castle located in front of Piazza Municipio and the city hall ( Palazzo San Giacomo) in central Naples, Campania, Italy. Its scenic location and ...

(Maschio Angioino) in Naples * 19 July – 21/24 September 1495: Siege of Novara (1495) * July–August 1496: Siege of Atella * 1497: Siege of Ostia

Italian Wars of 1499–1504

;Second Italian War (1499–1501) * September 1499: Venetian invasion of the Duchy of Milan and anti-Sforza revolt inside the city of Milan; the rebels opened the gates to the Venetian army commanded by

Gian Giacomo Trivulzio Gian Giacomo Trivulzio (1440 or 1441 – 5 December 1518) was an Italian aristocrat and ''condottiero'' who held several military commands during the Italian Wars. Biography Trivulzio was born in Milan, where he studied, among others, wi ...

. * 19 December 1499 – 12 January 1500: . Franco-Papal victory by

Cesare Borgia Cesare Borgia (13 September 1475 – 12 March 1507) was a Cardinal (Catholic Church)#Cardinal_deacons, cardinal deacon and later an Italians, Italian ''condottieri, condottiero''. He was the illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI of the Aragonese ...

over

Caterina Sforza Caterina Sforza (1463 – 28 May 1509) was an Italian noblewoman, the Countess of Forlì and Lady of Imola, firstly with her husband Girolamo Riario, and after his death as a regent of her son Ottaviano. The descendant of a dynasty of noted co ...

. * 5 February 1500: Ludovico Sforza's Swiss mercenary army retook the city of Milan from the French. * 21 March 1500: The Sforzescan army retook Novara from the French. * 8–10 April 1500: Battle of Novara (1500). French victory over Ludovico Sforza. * 24 July 1501:

Sack of Capua A sack usually refers to a rectangular-shaped bag. Sack may also refer to: Bags * Flour sack * Gunny sack * Hacky sack, sport * Money sack * Paper sack * Sleeping bag * Stuff sack * Knapsack Other uses * Bed, a slang term * Sack (band), an ...

. * 25 July 1501: Franco-Aragonese forces occupied Naples. ;Third Italian War (1502–1504) * 25 December 1502: . French victory over Spain. * 13 February 1503:

Challenge of Barletta The Challenge of Barletta (Italian: ''Disfida di Barletta'') was a duel fought in the countryside of Trani, near Barletta, Southern Italy, on 13 February 1503, during the Third Italian War, on the plains between Corato and Andria. Overview Th ...

. Italian knights in Spanish service won a duel against French knights. * 23 February 1503:

Battle of Ruvo The Battle of Ruvo was fought on 23 February 1503 between a Spain, Spanish army under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and a France, French army commanded by Jacques de la Palice. The battle was part of the Second Italian War and was fought at the ...

. Spanish victory over France. * 21 April 1503: Battle of Seminara (1503). Spanish victory over France. * 28 April 1503:

Battle of Cerignola The Battle of Cerignola was fought on 28 April 1503 between Spanish and French armies outside the town of Cerignola, Apulia, Kingdom of Naples (now in modern-day Italy), approximately west of Bari. The Spanish force under the command of Gon ...

. Spanish victory over France. * 29 December 1503:

Battle of Garigliano (1503) The Battle of Garigliano was fought on 29 December 1503 between a Spanish army under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and a French army commanded by Ludovico II, Marquis of Saluzzo, resulting in a Spanish victory. Preliminary phase In mid ...

. Spanish victory over France and Saluzzo.

War of the League of Cambrai

;Prelude (1506–1508) * July 1506 – March 1507: A popular revolt in Genoa expelled the city's pro-French nobility to Savona. * 22–29 April 1507: Siege of Genoa. French victory over the Genoese revolutionaries. * Early February 1508: Maximilian declared war on Venice. Venice requested France, then still their ally, to send aid, which Chaumont did in the form of several thousand troops from Milan. * 20–21 February 1508: Imperial troops invaded Venice, sacking

Ampezzo Ampezzo (; ) is a (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about northwest of Udine. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of ...

and besieging the

Castello di Botestagno Castello di Botestagno (also known as Podestagno, or ''Peutelstein'' in German) is a ruined medieval fort in the ''comune'' of Cortina d'Ampezzo in the southern (Dolomitic) Alps of the Veneto region of Northern Italy. It is perched on a rock in th ...

. * 23 February 1508: Imperials captured

Pieve di Cadore Pieve di Cadore is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the province of Belluno in the Italian region of Veneto, about north of Venice and about northeast of Belluno. "Pieve" means "Parish church". It is the birthplace of the Italian painter Titian. ...

. * 24 February 1508: Skirmish at Chiusa di Venas, Imperial victory over Venice. * 27 February 1508: Imperials captured Castello di Botestagno. * 2 March 1508:

Battle of Cadore The battle of Cadore, also known as the battle of Rio Secco or Rusecco, took place near Pieve di Cadore during the opening phase of the War of the League of Cambrai, part of the Italian Wars, on 2 March 1508, opposing the Venetian armies comman ...

. Venetian victory over the Emperor. * March–May 1508: Successful Venetian counter-offensives into Imperial territory. The Venetians captured Trieste on 6 May. ;War of the League of Cambrai proper (1508–1510) * 14 May 1509:

Battle of Agnadello The Battle of Agnadello, also known as Vailà, was one of the most significant battles of the War of the League of Cambrai and one of the major battles of the Italian Wars. Background On 15 April 1509, a French army under the command of Louis ...

. French (Cambrai) victory over Venice. * 15–30 September 1509:

Siege of Padua The siege of Padua was a major engagement early in the War of the League of Cambrai. Imperial forces had captured the Venetian city of Padua in June 1509. On 17 July, Venetian forces commanded by Andrea Gritti marched quickly from Treviso wi ...

. Venetian victory over the League of Cambrai. * 22 December 1509:

Battle of Polesella The Battle of Polesella, fought on 22 December 1509, by forces of the Duchy of Ferrara and the Republic of Venice, was a naval battle on the River Po in the War of the League of Cambrai in the Italian Wars. It was an overwhelming victory for Fer ...

. Ferrarese (Cambrai) victory over Venice. * May 1510: French, Ferrarese, and Imperial troops invaded Venice. * July 1510: The Pope and Venice formed an alliance and went on a counter-offensive. ;Ferrarese War (1510–1511) * August 1510: Failed Papal attack on Ferrara. * 17 August 1510: Papal–Venetian troops captured Modena. * October 1510: French troops were repulsed at Bologna. * December 1510: Papal troops captured Concordia. * 2–19 January 1511:

Siege of Mirandola (1511) The siege of Mirandola took place from 2 January to 19 January 1511 as a part of Pope Julius II's campaign to keep France from dominating northern Italy during the War of the League of Cambrai. At that time Mirandola was the capital of the ...

. Papal victory over Ferrara. * 23 May 1511: French troops captured Bologna after an anti-Papal revolt. * Late May 1511: French troops recaptured Mirandola. ;War of the Holy League proper (1511–1514) * 18 February 1512:

Sack of Brescia Italian War of 1494–98 * 5–8 September 1494: Battle of Rapallo * 17 October 1494: skirmishes near Sant'Agata sul Santerno * 19–21 October 1494: * 26–29 October 1494: Siege of Fivizzano * 8–9 November 1494: Florentine revolt ...

. French victory over Venice. The city of

Brescia Brescia (, ; ; or ; ) is a city and (municipality) in the region of Lombardy, in Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, a few kilometers from the lakes Lake Garda, Garda and Lake Iseo, Iseo. With a population of 199,949, it is the se ...

had revolted against French control, garrisoning itself with Venetian troops. Gaston de Foix, recently arrived to command the French armies in Italy, ordered the city to surrender; when it refused, he attacked it with around 12,000 men. The French attack took place in pouring rain, through a field of mud; Foix ordered his men to remove their shoes for better traction. The defenders inflicted heavy casualties on the French, but were eventually overrun, suffering 8,000 – 15,000 casualties. The Gascon infantry and

landsknechts The (singular: , ), also rendered as Landsknechts or Lansquenets, were German mercenaries used in pike and shot formations during the early modern period. Consisting predominantly of pikemen and supporting foot soldiers, their front line was f ...

then proceeded to thoroughly sack the city, massacring thousands of civilians over the next five days. Following this, the city of

Bergamo Bergamo ( , ; ) is a city in the Alps, alpine Lombardy region of northern Italy, approximately northeast of Milan, and about from the alpine lakes Lake Como, Como and Lake Iseo, Iseo and 70 km (43 mi) from Lake Garda, Garda and Lake ...

paid some 60,000

ducat The ducat ( ) coin was used as a trade coin in Europe from the later Middle Ages to the 19th century. Its most familiar version, the gold ducat or sequin containing around of 98.6% fine gold, originated in Venice in 1284 and gained wide inter ...

s to the French to avoid a similar fate. * 11 April 1512:

Battle of Ravenna (1512) The Battle of Ravenna, fought on 11 April 1512, was a major battle of the War of the League of Cambrai. It pitted forces of the Holy League against France and their Ferrarese allies. Although the French and Ferrarese eliminated the Papal–Sp ...

. Franco-Ferrarese victory over the Pope. * May 1512: Holy League troops drove French troops out of Milan. * June 1512 – June 1515:

Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre The Spanish conquest of the Iberian part of Navarre was initiated by Ferdinand II of Aragon and completed by his grandson and successor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V in a series of military campaigns lasting from 1512 to 1524. Ferdinan ...

. Spanish victory over France. * 10 August 1512:

Battle of Saint-Mathieu The Battle of Saint-Mathieu took place on 10 August 1512 during the War of the League of Cambrai, near Brest, France, between an English fleet of 25 ships commanded by Sir Edward Howard and a Franco-Breton fleet of 22 ships commanded by Ren� ...

. English victory over France. * 6 June 1513:

Battle of Novara (1513) The Battle of Novara (also known as the battle of Ariotta) was a battle of the War of the League of Cambrai fought on 6 June 1513, near Novara, in Northern Italy. A French attacking force was routed by allied Milanese–Swiss troops. As a consequ ...

. Milanese–Swiss victory over France. * 16 August 1513:

Battle of the Spurs The Battle of the Spurs or (Second) Battle of Guinegate took place on 16 August 1513. It formed a part of the War of the League of Cambrai of 1508 to 1516, during the Italian Wars. King Henry VIII of England and Emperor Maximilian I were besi ...

(Guinegate). Anglo-Imperial victory over France. * 8–13 September 1513: Siege of Dijon. Swiss victory over France. * 9 September 1513:

Battle of Flodden The Battle of Flodden, Flodden Field, or occasionally Branxton or Brainston Moor was fought on 9 September 1513 during the War of the League of Cambrai between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland and resulted in an English victory ...

(Flodden Field, Branxton). English victory over Scotland (allied with France). Scotland abandoned France and left the war. * 7 October 1513:

Battle of La Motta (1513) The Battle of La Motta, also known as the Battle of Schio, Battle of Vicenza or Battle of Creazzo, took place at Schio, in the Italian region of Veneto, Republic of Venice, on 7 October 1513, between the forces of the Republic of Venice and a com ...

. Spanish and Imperial victory over Venice (allied with France). Also known as the Battle of Schio, Vicenza or Creazzo. A Venetian army under

Bartolomeo d'Alviano Bartolomeo d'Alviano (c. 1455 – October 1515) was an Italian condottiero and captain who distinguished himself in the defence of the Venetian Republic against the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian. Biography Barto ...

attempted to prevent the Spanish and Imperials under

Ramón de Cardona Ramon Folc de Cardona i Anglesola (Italian: ''Raimondo di Cardona'') (1467 – 10 March 1522) was a Catalan general and politician, who served as the viceroy of Naples during the Italian Wars and commanded the Spanish forces in Italy during the W ...

from withdrawing from the

Veneto Veneto, officially the Region of Veneto, is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the Northeast Italy, north-east of the country. It is the fourth most populous region in Italy, with a population of 4,851,851 as of 2025. Venice is t ...

, but was defeated and scattered. ;Francis I's First Italian War (1515–1516) * 13–14 September 1515:

Battle of Marignano The Battle of Marignano, which took place on 13–14 September 1515, near the town now called Melegnano, 16 km southeast of Milan, was the last major engagement of the War of the League of Cambrai. It pitted the French army, composed of t ...

(Melegnano). Decisive Franco-Venetian victory over Switzerland and Milan. * 4 October 1515: French troops captured Milan and dethroned Sforza.

War of Urbino

* January 1517: Siege of Urbino. Urbinate victory over the Pope.

Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino Francesco Maria I della Rovere (25 March 1490 – 20 October 1538) was an Italian condottiero, who was Duke of Urbino from 1508 to 1516 and, after retaking the throne from Lorenzo II de' Medici, from 1521 to 1538. Biography Francesco was ...

retook Urbino from occupying Papal troops. * April 1517: Siege of the Mondolfo castle. Urbinate victory over the Pope. * ? 1517: Battle of Monte Imperiale. Urbinate victory over the Pope. * ? 1517: Raids in Tuscany and Umbria. Papal victory over Urbino.

Italian War of 1521–1526

* 20 May 1521: Battle of Pampeluna (also spelled

Pamplona Pamplona (; ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Navarre, Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. Lying at near above sea level, the city (and the wider Cuenca de Pamplona) is located on the flood pl ...

). French-backed

Navarrese Navarre ( ; ; ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre, is a landlocked foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and New Aquitaine in France. T ...

victory over Spanish troops during the

. Most Navarrese towns rose at once against the Spanish, who had invaded Navarre in 1512. The Spanish resisted the siege sheltered inside the city castle, but they eventually surrendered and the French-Navarrese took control of the town and the castle of Pamplona. It was at this battle that Inigo Lopez de Loyola, better known as St. Ignatius of Loyola, suffered severe injuries, a Navarrese cannonball shattering his leg. It is said that after the battle the Navarrese so admired his bravery that they carried him all the way back to his home in Loyola. His meditations during his long recovery set him on the road of a conversion of life from soldier to priest. He would eventually found the

Society of Jesus The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 ...

(the Jesuits), and create the

Spiritual Exercises The ''Spiritual Exercises'' (), composed 1522–1524, are a set of Christian meditations, contemplations, and prayers written by Ignatius of Loyola, a 16th-century Spanish Catholic priest, theologian, and founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesui ...

, which is the basis for the idea of "retreats" as an experience of prayer as practiced in the Roman Catholic Church. * 25 May–11 June 1521: Siege of Logroño * 30 June 1521:

Battle of Noáin The Battle of Noáin or the Battle of Esquiroz, fought on 30 June 1521 was the only open field battle in the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre. It was a decisive victory for the Spanish against the Franco-Navarrese army. Prelude Navarre h ...

or Noain-Esquiroz near

. A makeshift Spanish army consisting mostly of Castilian troops defeated the Navarrese and French forces sent by Henry d'Albret and commanded by Lesparre, driving them out of Iberian Navarre. * 29 August–12 September 1521. Imperial forces unsuccessfully siege the French in Parma * ? 1521: Siege of Mézières. An Imperial army besieged the city (now part of

Charleville-Mézières Charleville-Mézières () is a commune of northern France and the prefecture of the Ardennes department, in the Grand Est region. Charleville-Mézières is located on the banks of the river Meuse. History Charleville and Mézières were ori ...

), which was defended by French troops under the command of the Chevalier de Bayard and

Anne de Montmorency Anne de Montmorency, duc de Montmorency ( – 12 November 1567) was a French noble, governor, royal favourite and Constable of France during the mid to late Italian Wars and early French Wars of Religion. He served under five French kings (Loui ...

; the siege was unsuccessful, and the determined French resistance gave Francis I time to concentrate his forces against

Charles V Charles V may refer to: Kings and Emperors * Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1558) * Charles V of Naples (1661–1700), better known as Charles II of Spain * Charles V of France (1338–1380), called the Wise Others * Charles V, Duke ...

. * November 1521: Siege of Tournai. An Imperial army besieged the city of

Tournai Tournai ( , ; ; ; , sometimes Anglicisation (linguistics), anglicised in older sources as "Tournay") is a city and Municipalities in Belgium, municipality of Wallonia located in the Hainaut Province, Province of Hainaut, Belgium. It lies by ...

, capturing it from the French in late November; it would remain a

Habsburg The House of Habsburg (; ), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most powerful dynasties in the history of Europe and Western civilization. They were best known for their inbreeding and for ruling vast realms throughout Europe d ...

possession until the French conquest of the

Austrian Netherlands The Austrian Netherlands was the territory of the Burgundian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire between 1714 and 1797. The period began with the acquisition by the Austrian Habsburg monarchy of the former Spanish Netherlands under the Treaty of Ras ...

in 1795. * Operation in Val Vestino (1521) * Battle of Vaprio d'Adda (1521) * 29 April 1522:

Battle of Bicocca The Battle of Bicocca or La Bicocca () was fought on 27 April 1522, during the Italian War of 1521–26. A combined French and Venetian force under Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, was decisively defeated by an Imperial– Spanish and ...

. Imperial–Spanish and Papal victory over France, Venice and Swiss mercenaries. * 20–30 May 1522:

Siege of Genoa (1522) Italian War of 1494–98 * 5–8 September 1494: Battle of Rapallo * 17 October 1494: skirmishes near Sant'Agata sul Santerno * 19–21 October 1494: * 26–29 October 1494: Siege of Fivizzano * 8–9 November 1494: Florentine revolt ag ...

. An army of the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium ...

under the command of the Italian/Spanish General

Fernando d'Avalos Fernando is a Spanish and Portuguese given name and a surname common in Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Switzerland, and former Spanish or Portuguese colonies in Latin America, Africa and Asia (like the Philippines, India, and Sri Lanka). It is e ...

and Italian condottiero

Prospero Colonna Prospero Colonna (1452–1523), sometimes referred to as Prosper Colonna, was an Italian condottiero. He was active during the Italian wars and served France, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and various Italian states. His military career spanned ...

besieged the French forces defending the Italian city. Since Genoa had refused to surrender, the Imperial troops were permitted to loot the city once it had fallen. * 30 June 1522: Battle of San Marcial. Spanish partisans defeat the French backed Navarrese at Monte Aldabe near Behobia Castle. * 1523–29 April 1524:

Siege of Fuenterrabía (1523–1524) The siege of Fuenterrabía took place in 1523-24 by a Spanish army, after a Franco- Navarrese army had taken it in 1521 in a new incursion to reconquer the Kingdom of Navarre, which had been occupied since 1512 by troops from the unified Cro ...

. Spanish victory over France and Navarre. * 30 April 1524: Battle of the Sesia (1524). It was fought near the

Sesia River The Sesia (Latin ''Sesites'' or ''Sessites'') is a river in Piedmont, north-western Italy, tributary to the Po. Geography Its sources are the glaciers of Monte Rosa at the border with Switzerland. It flows through the Alpine valley Valsesia an ...

, where the Spanish- Imperial forces under

Charles de Lannoy Charles de Lannoy ( – 23 September 1527) was a soldier and statesman from the Low Countries in service of the Habsburg Emperors Maximilian I and Charles V. Early life He was a member of the noble House of Lannoy. Charles de Lannoy was bo ...

inflicted a decisive defeat on the French under Admiral Bonnivet and the Francis de Bourbon, Comte de St. Pol, forcing the latter to withdraw from

Lombardy The Lombardy Region (; ) is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Lombardy is ...

. * August–September 1524: Siege of Marseille (1524). Conducted by an Imperial army under Charles de Bourbon (who had recently betrayed Francis I) and Fernando de Avalos against the French defenders of

Marseille Marseille (; ; see #Name, below) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region. Situated in the ...

. Although Avalos heavily looted the surrounding countryside, he was unsuccessful in seizing the city; and, faced with the arrival of French reinforcements, called off the siege in September. * October 1524 – February 1525:

Italian campaign of 1524–1525 The Italian campaign of 1524–1525 was the final significant action of the Italian War of 1521–1526 launched by the French into Northern Italy. Led by Francis I of France, the French attempted to dislodge the House of Habsburg, Habsburgs f ...

. Habsburg Imperial-Spanish victory over France. * 24 February 1525:

Battle of Pavia The Battle of Pavia, fought on the morning of 24 February 1525, was the decisive engagement of the Italian War of 1521–1526 between the Kingdom of France and the Habsburg Empire of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, Holy Roman Empero ...

. Decisive Habsburg Imperial-Spanish victory over France; French king Francis I captured.

War of the League of Cognac

* * * 25 November 1526: * Italian campaign of 1527 (North Italy) * 6 May 1527:

Sack of Rome (1527) The Sack of Rome, then part of the Papal States, followed the capture of Rome on 6 May 1527 by the mutiny, mutinous troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, during the War of the League of Cognac. Charles V only intended to threaten military ...

* 1–12 October 1527: Sack of Pavia * 22–23 March 1528: * April – August 1528:

Siege of Naples (1528) The siege of Naples was a siege of the Italian city of Naples in 1528 during the War of the League of Cognac. Course In April 1528, the French commander Odet de Foix laid siege to the city while Andrea Doria's nephew Filippino organised a nav ...

* 28–29 April 1528: Battle of Capo d'Orso * May – 8 August 1528: * Neapolitan campaign of 1528 (South Italy). * Battle of Aversa * 15 March – 28 May 1529: * 21 June 1529: Battle of Landriano * 24 October 1529 – 10 August 1530:

Siege of Florence (1529–1530) The siege of Florence took place from 24 October 1529 to 10 August 1530, at the end of the War of the League of Cognac. At the Congress of Bologna, the Medici Pope Clement VII and Emperor Charles V agreed to restore the Medici family in Flor ...

. Habsburg-Papal victory over Florence. End of the

Florentine Republic The Republic of Florence (; Old Italian: ), known officially as the Florentine Republic, was a Italy in the Middle Ages, medieval and Italian Renaissance, early modern state that was centered on the Italian city-states, Italian city of Florence ...

. * 3 August 1530: Battle of Gavinana

Italian War of 1536–1538

* March 1536: French invasion of Piedmont. * 3 April 1536: French army captured Turin. * July 1536: Habsburg invasion of Provence. * 13 August 1536: Habsburg army captured Aix-en-Provence. * August 1536: Franco-Ottoman army and fleet failed to capture Genoa. * Late 1536: Franco-Ottoman army captured Piedmontese towns. * Spring 1537: Battles of Lens, Arras, Crécy and Hesdin. * 1537: Ottoman siege of Corfu.

Italian War of 1542–1546

* July–August 1542: . Guelders-Cleves (allied with France) victory over Imperial-Brabantine army. * July–September 1542:

Siege of Perpignan (1542) The siege of Perpignan took place in 1542, at Perpignan, between a larger French army commanded by Henry, Dauphin of France and the Spanish garrison at Perpignan. The Spaniards resisted until the arrival of the Spanish army under Don Fernando ...

. Imperial-Spanish victory over France. * 24 November 1542:

Battle of Solway Moss The Battle of Solway Moss took place on Solway Moss near the River Esk on the English side of the Anglo-Scottish border in November 1542 between English and Scottish forces. The Scottish King James V had refused to break from the Catholic Chu ...

. English victory over Scotland (allied with France). * 25 July 1543: Battle of Muros Bay. Imperial-Spanish victory over France. * 6–22 August 1543:

Siege of Nice The siege of Nice occurred in 1543 and was part of the Italian War of 1542–46 in which Francis I and Suleiman the Magnificent collaborated as part of the Franco-Ottoman alliance against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and Henry VIII of ...

. A combined Franco-Ottoman force attacked and captured the Imperial city of

Nice Nice ( ; ) is a city in and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly one millionSack of Düren (1543) * May 1543: Siege of Landrecies (1543). French victory over Anglo-Imperial army. * 11 April 1544:

Battle of Ceresole The Battle of Ceresole (; also Cérisoles) took place on 14 April 1544, during the Italian War of 1542–1546, outside the village of Ceresole d'Alba in the Piedmont region of Italy. A French army, commanded by François de Bourbon, Count of ...

. French victory over Hispano-Imperial army. * 2–4 June 1544: Battle of Serravalle (1544). Imperial-Spanish victory over Italian mercenaries in French service. * July – 17 August 1544: Siege of Saint-Dizier. The Imperial army of

attacked the French city of St. Dizier at the beginning of its advance into

Champagne Champagne (; ) is a sparkling wine originated and produced in the Champagne wine region of France under the rules of the appellation, which demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, spe ...

. Charles V himself joined the siege arrived with an army of 14,100 (including 1600

sapper A sapper, also called a combat engineer, is a combatant or soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties, such as breaching fortifications, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, preparing field defenses ...

s) on 13 July. Imperial commander

René of Châlon René (''born again'' or ''reborn'' in French) is a common first name in French-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and German-speaking countries. It derives from the Latin name Renatus. René is the masculine form of the name (Renée being the feminine ...

Prince of Orange Prince of Orange (or Princess of Orange if the holder is female) is a title associated with the sovereign Principality of Orange, in what is now southern France and subsequently held by the stadtholders of, and then the heirs apparent of ...

, was wounded on 14 July and died 15 July. On 23 July French outposts near the besieged town were overrun, but a French army under the command of the Dauphin

Henry Henry may refer to: People and fictional characters * Henry (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters * Henry (surname) * Henry, a stage name of François-Louis Henry (1786–1855), French baritone Arts and entertainmen ...

maintained an observing position at Jalons. On 17 August the town surrendered. Charles elected not to attack the Dauphin's army and instead pressed on to

Soissons Soissons () is a commune in the northern French department of Aisne, in the region of Hauts-de-France. Located on the river Aisne, about northeast of Paris, it is one of the most ancient towns of France, and is probably the ancient capital ...

. * Sack of Lagny-sur-Marne * 10 July – 25 September 1544: Siege of Montreuil. French victory over an English-Burgundian (Habsburg) army led by

Norfolk Norfolk ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in England, located in East Anglia and officially part of the East of England region. It borders Lincolnshire and The Wash to the north-west, the North Sea to the north and eas ...

and (count of Roeulx, governor of Flanders and Artois). * 19 July – 14 September 1544:

Sieges of Boulogne (1544–1546) The first siege of Boulogne took place from 19 July to 14 September 1544 and the second siege of Boulogne took place in October 1544. An earlier Siege of Boulogne (1492), siege of Boulogne had taken place in 1492 when the English House of Tud ...

(1st Boulogne). English victory over France. * October 1544:

(2nd Boulogne). English victory over France. * 18–19 July 1545:

Battle of the Solent The naval Battle of the Solent took place on 18 and 19 July 1545 during the Italian Wars, between the fleets of Francis I of France and Henry VIII of England, in the Solent, between Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. This was one of only two ful ...

. Indecisive Anglo-French battle. * July 1545:

French invasion of the Isle of Wight French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), ...

. English victory over France. ** July 1545:

Battle of Bonchurch The Battle of Bonchurch took place in late July 1545 at Bonchurch on the Isle of Wight. No source gives the precise date, although 21 July is possible from the sequence of events. The battle was a part of the wider Italian War of 1542–1546, ...

. English victory over France. ** July 1545: Battle of Beachy Head (1545). English victory over France.

Italian War of 1551–1559

* 15 August 1551:

Siege of Tripoli (1551) The siege of Tripoli was a successful Ottoman siege of the North African city of Tripoli, then held by the Knights Hospitaller, in August 1551. The attack, which was led by Sinan Pasha and Dragut, appears to have been launched in retaliatio ...

. Ottomans captured Tripoli from Maltese Knights Hospitaller. * July 1551 – March 1552:

Siege of Mirandola (1551) The siege of Mirandola took part in 1551, carried on by Pope Julius III against the city, which had allied with France during the last of the Italian Wars. As during the War of the League of Cambrai, the fortified city-state of Mirandola had ...

. French victory over Imperial-Spanish-Papal army. * 5 August 1552:

Battle of Ponza (1552) The Battle of Ponza (1552) was a naval battle that occurred near the Italy, Italian island of Ponza. The battle was fought between a Franco-Ottoman fleet under Dragut and a Spanish-Genoese fleet commanded by Andrea Doria.''The Mediterranean an ...

. Franco-Ottoman victory over Genoa. * 19 October 1552 – 2 January 1553:

Siege of Metz (1552) The siege of Metz during the Italian War of 1551–59 lasted from 19 October 1552 to 2 January 1553.Robert Knecht, ''The Valois Kings of France 1328-1589'' (Bloomsbury Academic, 2007) p.149 ("By the time Charles V lifted the siege, on 2 January ...

. French victory over Imperial army. * 11 April – 20 June 1553: Siege of Thérouanne. Spanish-Imperial victory over France. The Imperials razed Thérouanne to the ground on the orders of Charles V in revenge for the defeat at Metz. * 1553–1559:

Invasion of Corsica (1553) The Invasion of Corsica of 1553 occurred when French, Ottoman, and Corsican exile forces combined to capture the island of Corsica from the Republic of Genoa. The island had considerable strategic importance in the western Mediterranean, bein ...

. Ottomans & French temporarily occupied most of Corsica. * 2 August 1554: Battle of Marciano or Scannagallo. Decisive Florentine-Spanish victory over Siena and France. * 12 August 1554: Battle of Renty. French victory over Imperial army. * September 1556: Spanish invasion and occupation of the Papal States. * 20 April - 15 May 1557: Siege of Civitella. The French unsuccessful siege the Spanish. * 10–27 August 1557:

Battle of St. Quentin (1557) The Battle of Saint-Quentin of 1557 was a decisive engagement of the Italian War of 1551–1559 between the Kingdom of France and the Spanish Empire, at Saint-Quentin in Picardy. A Habsburg Spanish force under Duke Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy ...

. Hispano-Savoyard-English victory over France. * September 1557: Spanish occupation of the Papal States. * 1–8 January 1558:

Siege of Calais (1558) The French siege of Calais in early 1558 was part of the Italian War of 1551–1559 between France and England and their respective allies. It resulted in the seizure of the town and its dependencies by France. The Pale of Calais had been r ...

. French victory over England. * 17 April – 23 June 1558: Siege of Thionville (1558). French victory over Imperial-Spanish army. * 13 July 1558:

Battle of Gravelines (1558) The Battle of Gravelines was fought on 13 July 1558 at Gravelines, near Calais, France. It occurred during the twelve-year war between France and Spain (1547–1559). The battle resulted in a victory by the Spanish forces, led by Lamoral, Co ...

. Anglo-Spanish victory over France.

Notes

References

* Arnold, Thomas F. ''The Renaissance at War''. Smithsonian History of Warfare, edited by

John Keegan Sir John Desmond Patrick Keegan (15 May 1934 – 2 August 2012) was an English military historian, lecturer, author and journalist. He wrote many published works on the nature of combat between prehistory and the 21st century, covering land, ...

. New York: Smithsonian Books / Collins, 2006. . * Baumgartner, Frederic J. ''Louis XII''. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994. . * Blockmans, Wim. ''Emperor Charles V, 1500–1558''. Translated by Isola van den Hoven-Vardon. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. . * Hackett, Francis. ''Francis the First''. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1937. * Guicciardini, Francesco. ''The History of Italy''. Translated by Sydney Alexander. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984. . * Norwich, John Julius. ''A History of Venice''. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. . * * Oman, Charles. ''A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century''. London: Methuen & Co., 1937. * Phillips, Charles and Alan Axelrod. ''Encyclopedia of Wars.'' Volume 2. New York: Facts on File, 2005. . * * Taylor, Frederick Lewis. ''The Art of War in Italy, 1494–1529''. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1973. .