''Sida'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the mallow family,

Malvaceae Malvaceae (), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include Theobroma cacao, cacao, Cola (plant), cola, cotton, okra, Hibiscus sabdariffa, ...

. They are distributed in

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...

and

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Ge ...

regions worldwide,Shaheen, N., et al. (2009)
Foliar epidermal anatomy and its systematic implication within the genus ''Sida'' L. (Malvaceae).
''African Journal of Biotechnology'' 8(20), 5328-36. especially in the Americas.''Sida''.
The Jepson eFlora 2013. Plants of the genus may be known generally as fanpetals''Sida''.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). or sidas.''Sida''.
FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.

Description

These are annual or perennial herbs or

shrub A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...

s growing up to 2m tall (6 feet). Most species have hairy herbage. The leaf blades are usually unlobed with serrated edges, but may be divided into lobes. They are borne on petioles and have

stipule In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth typically borne on both sides (sometimes on just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole (botany), petiole). They are primarily found among dicots and rare among monocots. Stipules are considered part ...

s. Flowers are solitary or arranged in

inflorescence In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a mai ...

s of various forms. Each has five hairy

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 Etymology The term ''sepalum'' ...

s and five petals in shades of yellow, orange, or white. There are many

stamen The stamen (: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament ...

s and a

style Style, or styles may refer to: Film and television * ''Style'' (2001 film), a Hindi film starring Sharman Joshi, Riya Sen, Sahil Khan and Shilpi Mudgal * ''Style'' (2002 film), a Tamil drama film * ''Style'' (2004 film), a Burmese film * '' ...

divided into several branches. The fruit is a disc-shaped

schizocarp A schizocarp is a dry fruit that, when mature, splits up into mericarps. There are different definitions: * Any Dry fruits, dry fruit composed of multiple carpels that separate. : Under this definition the mericarps can contain one or more ...

up to 2 cm (3/4 inch) wide which is divided into five to 12 sections, each containing one seed. The pollens are spherical in shape. Pollen sida

Ecology

Many ''Sida'' are attractive to

butterflies Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...

and

moth Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not Butterfly, butterflies. They were previously classified as suborder Heterocera, but the group is Paraphyly, paraphyletic with respect to butterflies (s ...

s. Arrowleaf sida (''

Sida rhombifolia ''Sida rhombifolia'', commonly known as arrowleaf sida, is a perennial plant, perennial or sometimes annual plant, annual plant in the Family Malvaceae, native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. Other common names include rhombus-leaved sid ...

''), for example, is a

larva A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...

l host for the tropical checkered skipper ('' Pyrgus oileus''). The Sida golden mosaic virus and Sida golden yellow vein virus have been first isolated from ''Sida'' species; the former specifically from '' Sida santaremensis''.

Etymology

The genus name ''Sida'' is from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

for "pomegranate or water lily".

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

adopted the name from the writings of

Theophrastus Theophrastus (; ; c. 371 – c. 287 BC) was an ancient Greek Philosophy, philosopher and Natural history, naturalist. A native of Eresos in Lesbos, he was Aristotle's close colleague and successor as head of the Lyceum (classical), Lyceum, the ...

Diversity

''Sida'' has historically been a

wastebasket taxon Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined by e ...

, including many plants that simply did not fit into other genera of the Malvaceae. Species have been continually reclassified. The

circumscription Circumscription may refer to: * Circumscribed circle * Circumscription (logic) *Circumscription (taxonomy) * Circumscription theory, a theory about the origins of the political state in the history of human evolution proposed by the American anthr ...

of ''Sida'' is still unclear, with no real agreement regarding how many species belong there. Over 1000 names have been placed in the genus, and many authorities accept about 150 to 250 valid names today. Some sources accept as few as 98 species.''Sida''.
The Plant List. There are many plants recognized as ''Sida'' that have not yet been described to science.Markey, A. S., et al. (2011)
''Sida picklesiana'' (Malvaceae), a new species from the Murchison-Gascoyne region of Western Australia.
''Nuytsia'' 21(3) 127-37. Species include:GRIN Species Records of ''Sida''.
Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). *'' Sida abutifolia'' Mill. – prostrate sida, spreading fanpetals *'' Sida acuta'' Burm.f. (syn. ''S. carpinifolia'') – common wireweed, broomweed *'' Sida aggregata'' C.Presl – savannah fanpetals *'' Sida antillensis'' – Antilles fanpetals *'' Sida calyxhymenia'' – rock sida, tall sida *'' Sida cardiophylla'' (

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

) F.Muell. *'' Sida ciliaris'' – bracted fanpetals, fringed fanpetals *'' Sida clementii'' Domin *'' Sida cordata'' – long-stalk sida, heartleaf fanpetals *''

Sida cordifolia ''Sida cordifolia'' ('ilima, flannel weed, bala, country mallow or heart-leaf sida) is a perennial subshrub of the mallow family Malvaceae native to India. It has naturalized throughout the world, and is considered an invasive weed in Africa, Au ...

'' L. – country-mallow, flannel sida *'' Sida echinocarpa'' F.Muell. *'' Sida elliottii'' – Elliott's fanpetals *'' Sida fallax'' Walp. – ilima, yellow ilima *'' Sida glabra'' – smooth fanpetals *'' Sida glomerata'' – clustered fanpetals *'' Sida hermaphrodita'' – Virginia fanpetals, river-mallow *'' Sida intricata'' F.Muell. – twiggy sida *'' Sida jamaicensis'' – Jamaican fanpetals *'' Sida javensis'' *'' Sida lindheimeri'' – showy fanpetals *'' Sida linifolia'' – flaxleaf fanpetals, balai grand *'' Sida longipes'' – stockflower fanpetals *'' Sida mysorensis'' Wight & Arnott *'' Sida neomexicana'' – New Mexico fanpetals *'' Sida nesogena'' *'' Sida phaeotricha'' F.Muell. – hill sida *'' Sida picklesiana'' *'' Sida pusilla'' *'' Sida repens'' – Javanese fanpetals *''

'' L. – arrowleaf sida, Cuban jute *'' Sida rubromarginata'' – red-margin fanpetals *'' Sida salviifolia'' – ''escoba parada'' *'' Sida santaremensis'' – moth fanpetals *'' Sida spenceriana'' F.Muell. *'' Sida spinosa'' – prickly sida, prickly fanpetals *'' Sida tragiifolia'' – catnip noseburn, earleaf fanpetals *'' Sida trichopoda'' F.Muell. – hairy sida *'' Sida troyana'' *'' Sida ulmifolia'' Mill. – common wireweed, common fanpetals *'' Sida urens'' – tropical fanpetals, balai-zortie

Description

Ecology

Etymology

Diversity

Formerly placed here

References

External links