The Shvetsov M-11 is a five-cylinder air-cooled

radial Radial is a geometric term of location which may refer to: Mathematics and Direction * Vector (geometric), a line * Radius, adjective form of * Radial distance (geometry), a directional coordinate in a polar coordinate system * Radial set * A ...

aircraft engine An aircraft engine, often referred to as an aero engine, is the power component of an aircraft propulsion system. Aircraft using power components are referred to as powered flight. Most aircraft engines are either piston engines or gas turbin ...

produced in the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

between 1923 and 1952.Gunston 1989, p.158.

Design and development

The

Shvetsov UEC-Aviadvigatel JSC (Russian: АО "ОДК-Авиадвигатель", lit. Aeroengine) is a Russian developer and builder of aircraft engines, most notably jet engines for commercial aircraft. Based at the Perm Engine Plant, its products powe ...

M-11 was designed under a 1923 competition in the

for a new engine to power

trainer aircraft A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristic ...

. It is a single-row five-cylinder air-cooled

piston engine A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more Reciprocating motion, reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a Circular motion, rotating motion. This article ...

with aluminum cylinder heads. Like the American

Kinner B-5 The Kinner B-5 was a popular five cylinder American radial engine for light general and sport aircraft of the 1930s. Design and development The B-5 was a development of the earlier K-5 with slightly greater power and dimensions. The main change ...

5-cylinder radial of similar size, the M-11 had individual

camshaft A camshaft is a shaft that contains a row of pointed cams in order to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion. Camshafts are used in piston engines (to operate the intake and exhaust valves), mechanically controlled ignition syst ...

s for each cylinder, operating the

pushrod A valvetrain is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) into the combu ...

s, rather than a single central cam ring. The initial versions of the M-11 suffered from a short

service life A product's service life is its period of use in service. Several related terms describe more precisely a product's life, from the point of manufacture, storage, and distribution, and eventual use. Service life has been defined as "a product' ...

of only 50 hours. The basic M-11 engine had a power output of 100 hp (73 kW), the newer M-11D variant was higher at 125 hp (92 kW). The ultimate version, M-11FR, introduced in 1946, increased power output to 160 hp at 1,900 rpm on takeoff and 140 hp at cruise and had provisions for a variable-pitch

propeller A propeller (often called a screw if on a ship or an airscrew if on an aircraft) is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are set at a pitch to form a helical spiral which, when rotated, exerts linear thrust upon a working flu ...

, accessory drive (for

vacuum pump A vacuum pump is a type of pump device that draws gas particles from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum. The first vacuum pump was invented in 1650 by Otto von Guericke, and was preceded by the suction pump, which dates to ...

s, compressors, generators, etc.) and featured a floatless

carburetor A carburetor (also spelled carburettor or carburetter) is a device used by a gasoline internal combustion engine to control and mix air and fuel entering the engine. The primary method of adding fuel to the intake air is through the Ventu ...

Variants

Data from: ;M-100: Designation of prototype and initial designs. ;M-11:Initial production version at , compression ratio 5:1 ;M-11a: / ;M-11/A: / ;M-11B: / ;M-11D: / ;M-11E:Compression ratio 6:1 - / ;M-11F: / ;M-11FM: ;M-11FR:Compression ratio 5.5:1 - / ;M-11FR-1:Compression ratio 5.5:1 - / ;M-11FN: ;M-11G: / ;M-11I:Compression ratio 5.5:1 - / ;M-11K: / ;M-11L: / ;M-11M: ;M-11V: / :M-11Ya:A projected development of the M-11 at GAZ-41. The prototype was run but results were unsatisfactory, re-designated M-12 ;M-11Ye:Developed by Okromechko

Further developments

;3M-11: An alternative designation for the M-50 three cylinder derivative of the M-11 ;M-12: A development of the M-11 by M.A. Kossov, un-related to the NAMI-100, which had been earlier designated M-12. ;M-12 (M-11Ya):A projected development of the M-11 at GAZ-41. The prototype was run but results were unsatisfactory, re-designated from M-11Ya ;M-13 (M-13K): A 1944 development by M.A. Kossov to be assembled from various M-11 variants ;M-13: In parallel with the M-13K, E.V. Urmin at GAZ-41 mated cylinders from the M-11D with new crankshaft and crankcase ;M-13: A later M-13 was created by I.A. Muzhilov at OKB-41 in 1946. Despite passing state acceptance test in June 1948, this engine was not put into production. ; M-48:A 7-cylinder further development at GAZ-29 ; M-49:A 9-cylinder further development at GAZ-29 / ; M-50:A 3-cylinder further development at GAZ-29 ; M-51:A 5-cylinder further development at GAZ-29 / ; MG-11:Development of the M-51 at the NIIGVF (''Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut Grazdahnskovo Vozdooshnovo Flota'' - civil air fleet scientific test institute) by M.A. Kossov. / ; MG-21:Development of the M-48 at the NIIGVF by M.A. Kossov. / ; MG-31:Development of the M-49 at the NIIGVF by M.A. Kossov. / ; MG-50: A projected 18 cylinder, two-row radial derived from M-11 components by M.A. Kossov. /

Applications

The M-11 powered a number of Soviet, Bulgarian and Polish aircraft. The M-11 remained in production until 1952 with an estimated total of over 100,000 engines made. Several hundreds of M-11D and M-11FR-1 variants were manufactured under license in the Polish WSK-Kalisz works in

Kalisz Kalisz () is a city in central Poland, and the second-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, with 97,905 residents (December 2021). It is the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of Gr ...

. It was also used for the up-engined GAZ-98K aerosani winter-used sled in a

pusher configuration In aeronautical and naval engineering, pusher configuration is the term used to describe a drivetrain of air- or watercraft with propulsion device(s) after the engine(s). This is in contrast to the more conventional tractor configuration, wh ...

, and as the standard powerplant for the similar NKL-26 propeller-driven sledges during the World War II years.

Specifications (M-11A)

References

Notes

Bibliography

* Gunston, Bill. ''World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines''. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. * Kotelnikov, Vladimir. ''Russian Piston Aero Engines''. Marlborough, Wiltshire. The Crowood Press Ltd. 2005. . {{Shvetsov aeroengines 1920s aircraft piston engines Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines Shvetsov aircraft engines