The Shuliavka Republic (; ) was a self-declared entity in

Shuliavka The Shevchenkivskyi District is an Urban districts of Ukraine, urban district of the city of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It was Subdivisions of Kyiv, originally established on 4 April 1937, although in 2001 its area was increased following ...

neighborhood,

Kyiv Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...

by workers of the factory of Greter, Krivanek, & Co (today Bilshovyk Factory) and students of the

Kyiv Polytechnic Institute The Kyiv Polytechnic Institute ( KPI, ; official full title National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute") is a national public technological university in Kyiv, Ukraine. Name In the long period of existenc ...

. The uprising lasted a total of four days, from 12–16 December ( O.S.; 26–29 in the

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It went into effect in October 1582 following the papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian cale ...

), 1905. The Shuliavska Republic ended after the

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and ...

put down the uprising.

Uprising

On 11 December 1905 (O.S.), in a sign of support for the December Uprising in

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

, the Council of Workers' Deputies of Kyiv decided to stage a mass uprising. On the next day, all major city organisations stopped their operation. The majority of the protesting workers were concentrated in the Shuliavska district. By a couple of hours after the start of the uprising, a "strict revolutionary order" was established. Groups of about 150 armed workers were sent to patrol the territory, which was headquartered in the first building of the

. Shuliavka was declared a workers' republic, where the citywide protest headquarters and the Council of Workers' Deputies were housed. Workers in the district proclaimed the republic as the sole authority in Kyiv. Among the supporters of the protesting workers were the students and faculty of the Polytechnic Institute.

Manifesto

On the first day of the uprising, the Council of Workers' Deputies published their

manifesto A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government. A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent ...

, which proclaimed: In addition, the workers demanded a

pension A pension (; ) is a fund into which amounts are paid regularly during an individual's working career, and from which periodic payments are made to support the person's retirement from work. A pension may be either a " defined benefit plan", wh ...

, normal working conditions, the removal of unnecessary fines, better medical services, and a system of government protection.

End

The ongoing conflict between the

Bolshevik The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, ...

s and the

Menshevik The Mensheviks ('the Minority') were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903. Mensheviks held more moderate and reformist ...

s in the Council and Committee of the

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP) or the Russian Social Democratic Party (RSDP), was a socialist political party founded in 1898 in Minsk, Russian Empire. The ...

slowed the growth of the uprising. On 15 December (O.S.), the territory of Shuliavska was surrounded by the Imperial Russian Army and local authorities. The police, who, before then, usually avoided the area,Hamm, pg. 217. began mass arrests and confiscated any weapons they found. In all, police arrested more than 78 people.Hamm, pg. 219. On the next day, the uprising was put down by a 2,000-strong armed force consisting mainly of the

Special Corps of Gendarmes The Separate Corps of Gendarmes () was the uniformed security police of the Imperial Russian Army in the Russian Empire during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its main responsibilities were law enforcement and state security. The responsi ...

and Cossack cavalry.

References

{{reflist

External links

1899–1917: Shuliavka Republic and students movements in the beginning of the 20th century (1899–1917: Шулявська республіка та студентські рухи початку 20 сторіччя)

. 1905 labor disputes and strikes Russian Revolution of 1905 Former republics History of Kyiv Riots and civil disorder in Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute