Shirley MacLaine

Shirley MacLaine (born Shirley MacLean Beaty; April 24, 1934) is an American actress and author. With a career spanning over 70 years, she has received numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, an Emmy Award, two BAFTA Awards, six Golden Globe Awards, two Volpi Cups, and two Silver Bears. She has been honored with the Film Society of Lincoln Center Tribute in 1995, the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1998, the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2012, and the Kennedy Center Honor in 2014. MacLaine is one of the last remaining stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood.

Born in Richmond, Virginia, MacLaine made her acting debut as a teenager with minor roles in the Broadway musicals '' Me and Juliet'' and ''The Pajama Game''. MacLaine's career began during the final years of the Golden Age of Hollywood where she made her film debut with Alfred Hitchcock's black comedy ''The Trouble with Harry'' (1955), winning the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress. She rose to prominence with starring roles in '' Around the World in 80 Days'' (1956), '' Some Came Running'' (1958), '' Ask Any Girl'' (1959), '' The Apartment'' (1960), '' The Children's Hour'' (1961), '' Irma la Douce'' (1963), and ''Sweet Charity'' (1969).

A six-time Academy Award nominee, MacLaine won the Academy Award for Best Actress for the comedy-drama ''Terms of Endearment'' (1983). Her other prominent films include '' The Turning Point'' (1977), ''Being There'' (1979), '' Madame Sousatzka'' (1988), ''Steel Magnolias'' (1989), ''Postcards from the Edge'' (1990), '' In Her Shoes'' (2005), '' Bernie'' (2011), '' The Secret Life of Walter Mitty'' (2013), '' Elsa & Fred'' (2014), and '' Noelle'' (2019).

MacLaine starred in the sitcom '' Shirley's World'' (1971–1972) and played the eponymous fashion designer in the biopic television film ''Coco Chanel'' (2008), receiving nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a Golden Globe Award for the latter. She also made appearances in several television series, including ''Downton Abbey'' (2012–2013), ''Glee'' (2014), and '' Only Murders in the Building'' (2022). MacLaine has written many books regarding the subjects of metaphysics, spirituality, and reincarnation, as well as a best-selling memoir, '' Out on a Limb'' (1983).

Early life and education

Named after child actress Shirley Temple, who was six years old at the time, Shirley MacLean Beaty was born on April 24, 1934, in Richmond, Virginia. Her father, Ira Owens Beaty, was a professor of psychology, public school administrator, and a real estate agent. Her Canadian mother, Kathlyn Corinne (née MacLean), was a drama teacher from Wolfville, Nova Scotia. MacLaine's younger brother is filmmaker Warren Beatty, who changed the spelling of his surname for his career. Both were raised by their parents as Baptists. Her mother's brother-in-law was A. A. MacLeod, a Communist member of the Ontario provincial legislature in the 1940s.

While MacLaine was still a child, Ira Beaty moved the family from Richmond to Norfolk, and then to Arlington, then to Waverly, and then back to Arlington, where he worked at Thomas Jefferson Junior High School in Arlington, in 1945. MacLaine played baseball on a boys team, holding the record for most home runs, which earned her the nickname "Powerhouse". During the 1950s, the family resided in the Dominion Hills section of Arlington.

As a toddler, she had weak ankles and fell over with the slightest misstep, so her mother decided to enroll her in ballet class at the Washington School of Ballet at the age of three. This was the beginning of her interest in performing. Strongly motivated by ballet, she never missed a class. In classical romantic pieces such as ''Romeo and Juliet'' and '' The Sleeping Beauty'', she always played the boys' roles because she was the tallest in the groups of girls. MacLaine eventually was cast in a substantial female role as the fairy godmother in ''Cinderella'' and while warming up backstage, broke her ankle. She tightened the ribbons on her toe shoes and completed the entire performance before calling for an ambulance. Ultimately MacLaine decided against making a career of professional ballet because she had grown too tall and felt unable to perfect her technique. She explained that hers was unlike the ideal body type, lacking the requisite "beautifully constructed feet" of high arches, high insteps and a flexible ankle. She moved on to other forms of dancing as well as acting and musical theater.

MacLaine attended Washington-Lee High School in Arlington, Virginia, where she was on the cheerleading squad and acted in school theatrical productions.

Career

The summer before her senior year of high school in Arlington, Virginia, MacLaine went to New York City to try acting and had minor success in the chorus of a production of ''Oklahoma!'' that toured the subway circuit. After graduation, she returned and made her Broadway debut dancing in the ensemble of the Broadway production of '' Me and Juliet'' (1953–1954). Afterwards she became an understudy to actress Carol Haney in ''The Pajama Game''; in May 1954 Haney injured her ankle during a Wednesday matinee, and MacLaine performed in her place. A few months later, with Haney still injured, Jerry Lewis saw a matinee and urged film producer Hal B. Wallis to attend the evening performance with him, hoping to cast her in ''Artists and Models''. Wallis signed her to work for Paramount Pictures.

1955–1959: Career beginnings and success

MacLaine began her career and quickly rose to fame during the final years of the Golden Age of Hollywood when she made her film debut in Alfred Hitchcock's ''The Trouble with Harry'' (1955), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress.

''The Trouble with Harry'' was quickly followed by her role in the Martin and Lewis film ''Artists and Models'' (also 1955). Soon afterwards, she had the female lead in '' Around the World in 80 Days'' (1956), which won the Academy Award for Best Picture. This was followed by '' Hot Spell'', '' The Sheepman'', and ''The Matchmaker'' (1958), all released in 1958.

MacLaine played Ginny Moorehead, who falls in love with Frank Sinatra's character, Dave, in Vincente Minelli's adaptation of James Jones’ novel '' Some Came Running'', in the 1958 film of the same name. The film saw her co-starring with Dean Martin for the second time. For her role as Ginny Moorehead, she earned positive reviews and received her first nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama. She appeared with Dean Martin in ''Career'' (1959), the third of their several films.

1960–1969: Acclaim and stardom

MacLaine appeared with Frank Sinatra in 1960's ''Can-Can'', then made a cameo appearance in the Rat Pack movie '' Ocean's 11'' (1960). MacLaine would become an honorary member of the Rat Pack.

In 1960, MacLaine starred in Billy Wilder's romantic drama '' The Apartment'' (1960). The film is set on the Upper West Side of Manhattan and follows an insurance clerk, C.C. Baxter (Jack Lemmon), who allows his co-workers to use his apartment for their extramarital affairs. He is attracted to the insurance company's elevator operator (MacLaine), who is already having an affair with Baxter's boss (Fred MacMurray). The film received widespread critical acclaim and emerged as a major commercial success at the box-office. It received ten Academy Award nominations, winning Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, Best Art Direction (Black and White) and Best Film Editing. MacLaine's performance in the film earned her a second nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. However, despite being highly favored to win, she lost the award to Elizabeth Taylor for ''BUtterfield 8''. She, however, won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress, the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical. ''The Apartment'' was included by Roger Ebert in his 2001 Great Movies list. Charlize Theron, speaking at the 89th Academy Awards, praised MacLaine's performance as "raw, real, and funny", and as making "this black and white movie feel like it's in color".

MacLaine starred in '' The Children's Hour'' (1961), based on the play by Lillian Hellman, and directed by William Wyler. Reunited with Wilder and Lemmon for '' Irma la Douce'' (1963); she received her third nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress, in addition to winning her second Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical.

In 1970, MacLaine published a memoir titled ''Don’t Fall off the Mountain'', the first of her numerous books. She devoted some pages to a 1963 incident in which she had marched into the Los Angeles office of ''The Hollywood Reporter'' and punched columnist Mike Connolly in the mouth. She was angered by what he had said in his column about her ongoing contractual dispute with producer Hal Wallis, who had introduced her to the movie industry in 1954 and whom she eventually sued successfully for violating the terms of their contract.''Hanrihan v. Parker'', 19 Misc. 2d 467, 469 (N.Y. Misc. 1959). The incident with Connolly garnered a headline on the cover of the ''New York Post'' on June 11, 1963.Lefkowitz, Bernard (June 11, 1963). “Shirley Delivers A Punchy Line!” ''New York Post'' The full story appeared on page 5 under the headline “Shirley Delivers A Punchy Line!” with a byline by Bernard Lefkowitz.

MacLaine starred in the Cold War comedy '' John Goldfarb, Please Come Home!'' (1965), with a screenplay by William Peter Blatty, and then co-starred with Michael Caine in the crime thriller '' Gambit'' (1966).

In the mid-1960s, Twentieth Century-Fox offered her a salary of $750,000 on a "pay or play" basis to appear in a movie adaptation of the musical ''Bloomer Girl'', a fee equivalent to the paydays enjoyed by top box office stars of the time. However, the project was canceled, triggering a lawsuit.

MacLaine next starred in seven roles as seven different women in Vittorio DeSica's episodic film '' Woman Times Seven'' (1967), a collection of seven stories of love and adultery set against a Paris backdrop. She followed that film with another comedy, '' The Bliss of Mrs. Blossom'' in 1968. Both films were box office flops.

In 1969, MacLaine starred in the film version of the musical ''Sweet Charity'', directed by Bob Fosse, and based on the script for Federico Fellini's '' Nights of Cabiria'' which was released a decade earlier. Gwen Verdon, who originated the role onstage, had hoped to play Charity in the film version; however, MacLaine won the role because her name was better known to audiences at the time. Verdon signed on as assistant to choreographer Bob Fosse, helping teach MacLaine dance moves and some of the more intricate routines. MacLaine received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical nomination. The film was not a financial success.

1970–1976: Continued success

MacLaine was top-billed in ''Two Mules for Sister Sara'' (1970), in a role written for Elizabeth Taylor, who chose not to appear in the movie. The Western film was a hit, primarily due to her co-star Clint Eastwood, one of the top box office stars in the world at that time. The film's director, Don Siegel, said of her: "It's hard to feel any great warmth to her. She's too unfeminine, and has too much balls. She's very, very hard."

She then moved on to television, cast as a Photojournalism, photojournalist in a short-lived sitcom, '' Shirley's World'' (1971–1972). Co-produced by Sheldon Leonard and ITC Entertainment, the series was shot in the United Kingdom. As part of the deal, Lew Grade produced the low-budget drama ''Desperate Characters (film), Desperate Characters'' (1970).

MacLaine put her career on hold as she campaigned for George McGovern during the 1972 United States presidential election, 1972 presidential election, including the Democratic primaries.

In 1973, her friend, writer and director William Peter Blatty wanted to cast her for the role as the mother in ''The Exorcist''. The role was eventually played by Ellen Burstyn. MacLaine declined the part since she had recently appeared in another film about the supernatural, ''The Possession of Joel Delaney (film), The Possession of Joel Delaney'' (1972).

MacLaine’s documentary film ''The Other Half of the Sky: A China Memoir'' (1975), co-directed with film and television director Claudia Weill, about the first women's delegation to China in 1973, was released theatrically and on PBS, and was nominated for the year's Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film.

MacLaine returned to onstage live performances during the 1970s. In 1976, she appeared in a series of concerts at the London Palladium and New York's Palace Theatre (New York City), Palace Theatre. The latter of these was released as the live album ''Shirley MacLaine Live at the Palace''.

1977–1984: Career comeback and Academy Award win

MacLaine started a career comeback with the drama '' The Turning Point'' (1977), portraying a retired ballerina. Her performance in the film received critical acclaim, earning her a fourth nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress.

She was awarded the Women in Film Los Angeles, Women in Film Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Awards#THE CRYSTAL AWARD, Crystal Award in 1978 for outstanding women who, through their endurance and the excellence of their work, have helped to expand the role of women within the entertainment industry.

In 1979, she starred alongside Peter Sellers in Hal Ashby's satirical film ''Being There''. The film received widespread acclaim with Roger Ebert writing that he admired the film "for having the guts to take this totally weird concept and push it to its ultimate comic conclusion". MacLaine received a British Academy Film Award, and Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance.

In 1980, MacLaine starred in two other films about adultery, ''A Change of Seasons (film), A Change of Seasons'' alongside Anthony Hopkins and Bo Derek, and ''Loving Couples (1980 film), Loving Couples'' with James Coburn and Susan Sarandon. Neither film was a success, with Roger Ebert of the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' calling ''Loving Couples'' "a dumb remake of a very old idea that has been done so much better so many times before, that this version is wretchedly unnecessary ... the whole project smells like high-gloss sitcom."

MacLaine and Hopkins did not get along on ''A Change of Seasons'' and the film was not a success; critics faulted the screenplay. MacLaine, however, did receive positive notices from critics. Vincent Canby wrote in his ''The New York Times'' review that the film "exhibits no sense of humor and no appreciation for the ridiculous ... the screenplay [is] often dreadful ... the only appealing performance is Miss MacLaine's, and she's too good to be true. ''A Change of Seasons'' does prove one thing, though. A farce about characters who've been freed of their conventional obligations quickly becomes aimless."

In 1983, she starred in James L. Brooks's Comedy drama, comedy-drama ''Terms of Endearment'' (1983) playing Debra Winger's mother. The film focuses on the strained relationship between mother and daughter over 30 years. The film emerged as a critical and commercial success at the box-office, grossing $108.4 million, emerging as the 1983 in film#Highest-grossing films (U.S.), second-highest-grossing film of the year. The film received a leading 11 nominations at the 56th Academy Awards, and won five, including Best Picture. Both MacLaine and Winger earned nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress, with the former winning the award, her first and only win in the category. Her performance also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama.

1984–present: Post-Oscar career

MacLaine followed up her Oscar win with a role in ''Cannonball Run II'' (1984). After a four-year hiatus from acting, she starred in the drama '' Madame Sousatzka'' (1988), in the eponymous lead role as a Russian-American immigrant. She received positive reviews for her performance, earning her a second Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama. In 1989, she released her VHS, ''Shirley MacLaine's Inner Workout: A Program for Relaxation and Stress Reduction through Meditation'', a companion to her 1989 book, ''Going Within: A Guide for Inner Transformation''.

MacLaine continued to star in films, such as the family southern drama ''Steel Magnolias'' (1989) directed by Herbert Ross. The film focuses on the bond that a group of women share in a small-town Southern community, and how they cope with the death of a loved one. The film was a box office success, earning $96.8 million off a budget of $15 million. MacLaine received a British Academy Film Award for her performance. She starred in Mike Nichols' film ''Postcards from the Edge'' (1990), with Meryl Streep, playing a fictionalized version of Debbie Reynolds from a screenplay by Reynolds's daughter, Carrie Fisher. Fisher wrote the screenplay based on her book. MacLaine received another Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance.

MacLaine continued to act in films such as ''Used People'' (1992), with Jessica Tandy and Kathy Bates; ''Guarding Tess'' (1994), with Nicolas Cage; ''Mrs. Winterbourne'' (1996), with Ricki Lake and Brendan Fraser; ''The Evening Star'' (1996); ''Rumor Has It...''(2005) with Kevin Costner and Jennifer Aniston;'' In Her Shoes'' (also 2005), with Cameron Diaz and Toni Collette; and'' Closing the Ring'' (2007), directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Christopher Plummer. She would later reunite with Plummer in the 2014 comedy film '' Elsa & Fred'' directed by Michael Radford. In 2000, she made her first (and only) feature-film directorial debut, and starred in ''Bruno (2000 film), Bruno'' (with Alex D. Linz), which was released to video as ''The Dress Code''. In 2011, MacLaine starred in Richard Linklater's black comedy, dark comedy film '' Bernie'' alongside Jack Black and Matthew McConaughey.

MacLaine has also appeared in numerous television projects, including a 1987 miniseries based upon her bestselling autobiography, '' Out on a Limb''. In 2001, she appeared in ''These Old Broads'' written by Carrie Fisher and co-starring Elizabeth Taylor, Debbie Reynolds, and Joan Collins. In 2009, she starred in ''Coco Before Chanel'', a Lifetime (TV network), Lifetime production based on the life of French fashion designer, Coco Chanel, which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award, and Golden Globe Award nominations. She appeared in the third and fourth seasons of the British drama ''Downton Abbey'' as List of Downton Abbey characters#Martha Levinson, Martha Levinson, mother to Cora, Countess of Grantham (played by Elizabeth McGovern), and Harold Levinson (played by Paul Giamatti) in 2012–2013.

In 2016, MacLaine starred in ''Wild Oats (film), Wild Oats'' with Jessica Lange. She starred in the live-action family film ''The Little Mermaid (2018 film), The Little Mermaid'', based on the Hans Christian Andersen fairytale, in 2018. In 2019, she played Elf Polly in the film “Noelle”. In 2022, she returned to television starring with Steve Martin, Martin Short, and Selena Gomez in the hit Hulu series '' Only Murders in the Building''.

In 2024, MacLaine's film ''American Dreamer (2022 film), American Dreamer'' opened in theaters two years after its initial premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival.

Lawsuits

In 1959, MacLaine sued Hal Wallis over a contractual dispute. The lawsuit has been credited with ending the old-style studio Star system (filmmaking), star system of actor management. In 1966, MacLaine sued Twentieth Century-Fox for breach of contract when the studio reneged on its agreement to star MacLaine in a film version of the Broadway musical ''Bloomer Girl'' based on the life of Amelia Bloomer, a mid-nineteenth century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist, that was to be filmed in Hollywood. Instead, Fox gave MacLaine one week to accept their offer of the female dramatic lead in the Western (genre)#Film, Western ''Big Country, Big Man'' to be filmed in Australia. The case was decided in MacLaine's favor, and affirmed on appeal by the California Supreme Court in 1970. The case is discussed in many law-school textbooks as an example of employment-contract law.

Personal life

MacLaine was married to businessman Steve Parker from 1954 until their divorce in 1982. Their daughter, Sachi Parker, was born in 1956. In April 2011, while promoting her new book, ''I'm Over All That'', she revealed to Oprah Winfrey that she had had an open relationship with her husband. MacLaine also told Winfrey that she often fell for the leading men she worked with, the exceptions being Jack Lemmon ('' The Apartment'', '' Irma la Douce'') and Jack Nicholson (''Terms of Endearment''). MacLaine also had long-running affairs with Lord Mountbatten, whom she met in the 1960s, and Australian politician and two-time Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal leader Andrew Peacock.

MacLaine has also gotten into feuds with such co-stars as Anthony Hopkins (''A Change of Seasons (film), A Change of Seasons''), who said that "she was the most obnoxious actress I have ever worked with", and Debra Winger (''Terms of Endearment'').

MacLaine claimed that in a previous life in Atlantis she was the brother of a 35,000-year-old spirit named Ramtha, channeled by mystic teacher and author J. Z. Knight.

She has a strong interest in spirituality and metaphysics, which are the central themes of some of her best-selling books, including '' Out on a Limb'' and ''Dancing in the Light''. Her spiritual explorations include walking the Camino de Santiago, Way of St. James, working with Chris Griscom, and practicing Transcendental Meditation.

The topic of New Age spirituality has also found its way into several of her films. In Albert Brooks's romantic comedy ''Defending Your Life'' (1991), the recently deceased lead characters, played by Brooks and Meryl Streep, are astonished to find MacLaine introducing their past lives in the "Past Lives Pavilion"; in ''Postcards from the Edge'' (1990), MacLaine sings a version of "I'm Still Here", with lyrics customized for her by composer Stephen Sondheim (for example, one line in the lyrics was changed to "I'm feeling transcendental – am I here?"); and in the 2001 television movie ''These Old Broads'', MacLaine's character is a devotee of New Age spirituality.

She has an interest in UFOs, and gave numerous interviews on CNN, NBC and Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox news channels on the subject during 2007–08. In her book ''Sage-ing While Age-ing'' (2007), she described having alien encounters and witnessing the 1952 Washington, D.C. UFO incident. On an episode of ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'' in April 2011, MacLaine stated that she and her neighbor had observed numerous UFOs at her New Mexico ranch for extended periods of time.

Along with her brother Warren Beatty, MacLaine used her celebrity status in instrumental roles as a Celebrity activists in George McGovern's 1972 presidential campaign, fundraiser and organizer for George McGovern's George McGovern presidential campaign, 1972, campaign for president in 1972.MacLaine, Shirley, ''McGovern: The Man and His Beliefs'', New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1972. That year, she wrote the book ''McGovern: The Man and His Beliefs''. She appeared at her brother's concerts Four for McGovern and Together for McGovern, and she joined with Sid Bernstein (impresario), Sid Bernstein to produce the woman-focused Star-Spangled Women for McGovern–Shriver variety show at Madison Square Garden. So much of her time was spent away from acting in 1972 that her talent agent threatened to quit; she turned down film projects and spent $250,000 of her own money on political activism, equivalent to $ in .

MacLaine is godmother to journalist Jackie Kucinich, daughter of former Democratic Party (United States), Democratic U.S. Representative Dennis Kucinich.

On February 7, 2013, Penguin Group, Penguin Group USA published Sachi Parker's autobiography ''Lucky Me: My Life With – and Without – My Mom, Shirley MacLaine''. One of its claims was that, when Sachi was in her 20s, her mother told her she believed that Steve Parker was a clone of her real father, an astronaut named Paul then traveling in the Pleiades. MacLaine denied this and called the book "virtually all fiction".
In her 2024 book, ''The Wall of Life,'' MacLaine states that she and her daughter "have never been closer."

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Honors and legacy

* In 1960 she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1617 Vine Street.
* In 1999 was awarded the Honorary Golden Bear at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.
* In 2011, the government of France made her a Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur.
* In 2013, MacLaine was awarded the Kennedy Center Honors for lifetime contributions to American culture through the performing arts.
* In 2017 MacLaine was featured in a segment in which Charlize Theron praised her for her work in '' The Apartment'' during the 89th Academy Awards, 2017 Academy Awards telecast. She later presented the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, Academy Award for Best International Film of the year alongside Theron.
* In 2019 she won the Movies for Grown Ups with AARP the Magazine's Life Time Achievement Award.

Bibliography

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References

Further reading

* Erens, Patricia (1978). ''The Films of Shirley MacLaine''. South Brunswick: A. S. Barnes. .

External links

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Shirley MacLaine interviewed by Ginny Dougary
(2005)

Shirley MacLaine
interview on BBC Radio 4 ''Desert Island Discs'', November 11, 1983
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Maclaine, Shirley
1934 births
20th-century American actresses
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Actresses from Virginia
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Best Actress Academy Award winners
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