, the

folk religion Folk religion, traditional religion, or vernacular religion comprises, according to religious studies and folkloristics, various forms and expressions of religion that are distinct from the official doctrines and practices of organized religion. ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

, developed a diversity of

schools A school is the educational institution (and, in the case of in-person learning, the building) designed to provide learning environments for the teaching of students, usually under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of ...

and

sect A sect is a subgroup of a religion, religious, politics, political, or philosophy, philosophical belief system, typically emerging as an offshoot of a larger organization. Originally, the term referred specifically to religious groups that had s ...

s, outbranching from the original Ko-Shintō (ancient Shintō) since

Buddhism Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...

was introduced into Japan in the sixth century.

Early period schools and groups

The main Shinto schools with traditions traceable to early periods, according to authoritative published records are: Bukka Shintō :These were the various forms of Shintō developed by Buddhist thinkers, also known as Bukke Shintō. These doctrines combine Buddhist elements with Shintō elements ( Shinbutsu shūgō). ;Goryū Shintō :''Goryū'' refers to the Buddhist

Dharma Dharma (; , ) is a key concept in various Indian religions. The term ''dharma'' does not have a single, clear Untranslatability, translation and conveys a multifaceted idea. Etymologically, it comes from the Sanskrit ''dhr-'', meaning ''to hold ...

lineage. This Shinto schools was part of

Ryōbu Shintō The , also known as the , is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. The period marks the governance of the Muromachi or Ashikaga shogunate ( or ), which was officially established in 1338 by the first Muromachi ...

. ;Hakke Shintō :The Shirakawa Hakuō House, in charge of the post of superintendent of the

Department of Divinities The , also known as the Department of Shinto Affairs, Department of Rites, Department of Worship, as well as Council of Divinities, was a Japanese Imperial bureaucracy established in the 8th century, as part of the reforms. It was first establish ...

(

Jingi-kan The , also known as the Department of Shinto Affairs, Department of Rites, Department of Worship, as well as Council of Divinities, was a Japanese Imperial bureaucracy established in the 8th century, as part of the reforms. It was first establish ...

) transmitted this school. Also called Shirakawa Shintō. ;Hokke Shintō :These doctrines were influenced by the

Nichiren was a Japanese Buddhist priest and philosopher of the Kamakura period. His teachings form the basis of Nichiren Buddhism, a unique branch of Japanese Mahayana Buddhism based on the '' Lotus Sutra''. Nichiren declared that the '' Lotus Sutra ...

sect of Buddhism which incorporated

kami are the Deity, deities, Divinity, divinities, Spirit (supernatural entity), spirits, mythological, spiritual, or natural phenomena that are venerated in the traditional Shinto religion of Japan. ''Kami'' can be elements of the landscape, forc ...

cults within its own system. ;Inbe Shintō (忌部神道) :This is the Inbe clan (忌部氏) lineage and commonly held to have been created by Inbe Masamichi that was in charge of court rituals together with the Nakatomi clan. ;Ise Shintō (伊勢神道) :Transmitted by priests of the Watarai clan at the Outer Shrine (Gekū) of the

Grand Shrine of Ise The , located in Ise, Mie Prefecture of Japan, is a Shinto shrine dedicated to the solar goddess Amaterasu Ōmikami and the grain goddess Toyouke-hime (Toyouke Omikami). Also known simply as , Ise Shrine is a shrine complex composed of many Shin ...

(Ise Jingū). It is also called Watarai Shintō. ;Jingidōke :A collective term for lineages which were mainly occupied with Shinto, these included the ''jingi'' clans (''jingi shizoku'' 神祇氏族) and clans connected to the

such as the Nakatomi and Inbe. ;Jūhachi Shintō (十八神道) :Yoshida Kanetomo, taught his principles in his work ''Essentials of Prime Shinto'' (''Yuiitsu Shintō myōbō yōshū''). ;Juka Shintō (儒家神道) ; :Shinto explained by Japanese Confucianists. These teachings claim the unity of Shinto and Confucianism. ;Kaden Shintō :The Shinto transmitted by hereditary Shinto priests, known as ''shinshokuke'' or '' shake''. It is also called ''shake Shintō'', ''shaden Shintō'' or ''densha Shintō''. ;Kikke Shintō :Transmitted by the Tachibana clan. Kikke Shinto became widely known during the mid-

Edo Edo (), also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. Edo, formerly a (castle town) centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the '' de facto'' capital of Japan from 1603 as the seat of the Tokugawa shogu ...

Hōei was a after Genroku and before Shōtoku''.'' This period spanned the years from March 1704 through April 1711. The reigning emperors were and . Etymology ''Hōei'' comes from the Old Book of Tang (). Change of era * 1704 : In reaction to t ...

era (1704–1710). ;

Kōshin or is a folk belief in Japan with Taoist origins, influenced by Shinto, Buddhism and other local beliefs. An event related to the belief is called , held on the Kōshin days that occur every 60 days in accordance with the Chinese sexagenary ...

(庚申) :Is a folk faith in Japan with Taoist origins, influenced by Shinto, Buddhism and other local beliefs. ; Koshintō (古神道) :"Ancient Shintō". These were the various doctrines and myths of Shintō before the integration of Buddhism elements. ;Miwa-ryū Shintō :A form of Ryōbu Shintō that developed primarily at Byōdōji and Ōgorinji (Ōmiwadera), temples serving as the "parish temples" ('' jingū-ji'') of

Ōmiwa Shrine , also known as , is a Shinto shrine located in Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The shrine is notable because it contains no sacred images or objects, since it is believed to serve Mount Miwa, the mountain on which it stands. For the same ...

Nara Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,321,805 and has a geographic area of . Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Osaka Prefecture to the ...

. ;Mononobe Shintō (物部神道) :Based on the text ''Sendai kuji hongi taiseikyō''. ;Ōgimachi Shintō (正親町神道) :Founded by Suika Shinto by Ōgimachi Kinmichi's (1653–1733) transmission to the sovereign and court retainers. In 1680 Kinmichi presented a Shinto oath to

Yamazaki Ansai was a Japanese philosopher and scholar. He began his career as a Buddhist monk, but eventually came to follow the teachings of Neo-Confucian Zhu Xi. He combined Neo-Confucian ideas with Shinto to create Suika Shinto. Life Early years/Buddhi ...

, taking up a full-scale study of Suika Shinto. ;Reisō Shintō :Buddhist Shintō (Bukka Shintō) created in the Edo period by Chōon Dō kai (1628–1695) and further developed by Jōin (1683–1739). ;Ritō Shinchi Shintō (理当心地神道) :Created by Confucian scholar

Hayashi Razan , also known as Hayashi Dōshun, was a Japanese historian, philosopher, political consultant, and writer, serving as a tutor and an advisor to the first four ''shōguns'' of the Tokugawa ''bakufu''. He is also attributed with first listing the ...

(1583–1657). Razan was the only Confucian scholar officially employed by the Tokugawa government. ;Ryōbu Shintō :These are the Shintō doctrines derived from

Shingon Buddhism is one of the major schools of Buddhism in Japan and one of the few surviving Vajrayana lineages in East Asian Buddhism. It is a form of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism and is sometimes called "Tōmitsu" (東密 lit. "Esoteric uddhismof Tō-j ...

. These doctrines relate the Inner Shrine of Ise with Dainichi of the

Womb Realm The Mandala of the Two Realms (Traditional Chinese: 両界曼荼羅; Pinyin: ''Liǎngjiè màntúluó''; Rōmaji: ''Ryōkai mandara''), also known as the Mandala of the Two Divisions (Traditional Chinese: 両部曼荼羅; Pinyin: ''Liǎngbù mà ...

(''taizōkai'') and the Outer Shrine with Dainichi of the

Vajra The Vajra (, , ), is a legendary and ritualistic tool, symbolizing the properties of a diamond (indestructibility) and a thunderbolt (irresistible force). It is also described as a "ritual weapon". The use of the bell and vajra together as s ...

realm (''kongōkai''). ;Sannō Shintō (山王神道) :

Tendai , also known as the Tendai Dharma Flower School (天台法華宗, ''Tendai hokke shū,'' sometimes just ''Hokkeshū''), is a Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition with significant esoteric elements that was officially established in Japan in 806 by t ...

sect Shintō, based on the cult of the at the

Hiyoshi Taisha is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture Japan. This shrine is one of the Twenty-Two Shrines. Known before World War II as or Hie jinja, "Hiyoshi" is now the preferred spelling. It was also known as the . The head shr ...

. ;

Shugendō is a syncretic Esoteric Buddhist religion, a body of ascetic practices that originated in the Nara Period of Japan having evolved during the 7th century from an amalgamation of beliefs, philosophies, doctrines and ritual systems drawn prim ...

(修験道) :

and its practitioners, ''shugen'', teaches the attainment of supranormal, magico-religious power through

ascetic Asceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures through self-discipline, self-imposed poverty, and simple living, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals. Ascetics may withdraw from the world for their pra ...

activities in the mountains. It was submissive to Buddhism for some time, later dividing into sects with more or less Buddhist or Koshintō influence. ;Suika Shintō :Created by

, a Confucian-Shintoist of the early Edo period. ;Taishi-ryū Shintō :Founded by Prince Shōtoku (

Shōtoku Taishi Shōtoku may refer to: * Prince Shōtoku , also known as or , was a semi-legendary regent and a politician of the Asuka period in Japan who served under Empress Suiko. He was the son of Emperor Yōmei and his consort, Princess Anahobe no Has ...

, 574–622) and unifying Shintō, Confucianism, and Buddhism (sankyō itchi). ; Tsuchimikado Shinto (土御門神道) ; :Created by the head court diviner Tsuchimikado Yasutomi. Yasutomi integrated the

astrological Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that propose that information about human affairs and terrestrial events may be discerned by studying the apparent positions of celesti ...

and calendrical theories transmitted by the

Onmyōdō is a technique that uses knowledge of astronomy and calendars to divine good fortune in terms of date, time, direction and general personal affairs, originating from the philosophy of the yin-yang and the five elements. The philosophy of yin an ...

specialists of the

Abe clan The was one of the oldest of the major Japanese clans (''uji''); and the clan retained its prominence during the Sengoku period and the Edo period.Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit." Universität Tübingen (in German). Th ...

. ;Tsushima Shintō (対馬神道) :Founded on Tsushima Island in the

Sea of Japan The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it ...

. ;Uden Shintō :Created by Kamo no Norikiyo (a.k.a. Umetsuji no Norikiyo, 1798–1862). Norikiyo developed his teachings on the basis of the Shinto transmissions at the shrine of Kamo wake Ikazuchi Jinja. ;Unden Shintō :Founded by

Shingon is one of the major schools of Buddhism in Japan and one of the few surviving Vajrayana lineages in East Asian Buddhism. It is a form of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism and is sometimes called "Tōmitsu" (東密 lit. "Esoteric uddhismof Tō- ...

monk Jiun Onkō (1718–1804). It is also known as Katsuragi Shintō because Jiun lived on Mount Katsuragi. It integrates esoteric Buddhism, siddham (

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural ...

philology), and

Zen Zen (; from Chinese: ''Chán''; in Korean: ''Sŏn'', and Vietnamese: ''Thiền'') is a Mahayana Buddhist tradition that developed in China during the Tang dynasty by blending Indian Mahayana Buddhism, particularly Yogacara and Madhyamaka phil ...

, as well as

Confucianism Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy, Religious Confucianism, religion, theory of government, or way of li ...

and Shinto. ;

Yoshida Shintō (), also frequently referred to as (, "One-and-only Shintō"), was a prominent sect of Shintō that arose during the Sengoku period through the teachings and work of Yoshida Kanetomo. The sect was originally an effort to organize Shintō teachi ...

(吉田神道) :Founded by

Yoshida Kanetomo was a Japanese Shinto priest of the Sengoku period. He was a seminal figure in the evolution of a coherent descriptive and interpretive schema of Shinto ritual and mythology.Itō Satoshi "Yoshida Kanetomo,"''Encyclopedia of Shinto.'' April 15, 20 ...

(1435–1511), who called his tradition ''yuiitsu shintō'' ("only-one Shintō"). His adherents and Yoshida Shrine, until the end of the

period, retained the right to award ranks to all shrines and priests except for a few associated with the Imperial family. ;Yoshikawa Shintō (吉川神道) :This is a lineage transmitted by Shinto scholar Yoshikawa Koretari (1616–1694).

Present Shinto Sects

;

Fuso-kyo refers to several independently organized Shinto groups that were excluded by Japanese law in 1882 from government-run State Shinto. Compared to mainstream Shrine Shinto, which focuses primarily on rituals, these independent groups have a more de ...

(扶桑教) :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shintō. It was organized by Shishino Nakaba (1844–84) based on the mountain faith to

Mount Fuji is an active stratovolcano located on the Japanese island of Honshu, with a summit elevation of . It is the highest mountain in Japan, the second-highest volcano on any Asian island (after Mount Kerinci on the Indonesian island of Sumatra), a ...

(''Fuji shinkō'') founded by Hasegawa Kakugyō (1541?–1646?). ; Izumo Ōyashirokyō (出雲大社教) :One of the original thirteen pre-war sects of Shinto. It was founded by Senge Takatomi (1845–1918). ; Jikkō kyō (実行教) :One of the thirteen sects of pre-war Shinto. Based on Fujidō, founded by Hasegawa Kakugyō (born in Nagasaki, 1541–1646). A mountain faith focused on Mount Fuji (''Fuji shinkō''). ; Konkōkyō (金光教) :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto. Founded by Konkō Daijin (1814–83) (born Akazawa Bunji). ; Kurozumikyō (黒住教) :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, founded by Kurozumi Munetada (1780–1850). ; Misogikyo (禊教) :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto. Founded by Inoue Masakane (1790–1849). ; Ontakekyō (御嶽教) :One of the thirteen sects of Shinto in the prewar period centered on faith in Mount Ontake (''ontake shinkō''). ; Shinrikyo (神理教) :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, founded by Sano Tsunehiko (1834–1906). ;

Shinshūkyō Japanese new religions are new religious movements established in Japan. In Japanese, they are called or . Japanese scholars classify all religious organizations founded since the middle of the 19th century as "new religions"; thus, the term refe ...

(神習教) :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, founded by Yoshimura Masamochi (1839–1915). ; Shinto Shusei (神道修成派) :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, founded by Nitta Kuniteru (1829–1902). ;

Shintō Taikyō (), formerly called (), is a Japanese Shintoist organization, and was established by Meiji officials in 1873. It is recognized officially, and its headquarters are in Tokyo. It has many shrines, and Tenrikyo used to be under its jurisdiction. ...

(神道大教) :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, known previously as Shintō Honkyoku (its formal name was simply "Shintō"). ; Shintō Taiseikyō (神道大成教) :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shintō, founded by Hirayama Seisai (1815–1890).

Shintō-derived religious movements

; Ananaikyō (三五教) :An Ōmoto-lineage religion founded by Nakano Yonosuke (1887–1974). ;Byakkō Shinkōkai (白光真宏会) :Founded by Goi Masahisa (1916–1980) emphasizes two characteristic Ōmoto doctrines, the notion that all religions emanate from the same root (''bankyō dōkon''), and the principle of world peace. ;Chikakusan Minshukyō Kyōdan :Based on the mountain-worship cult of Mount Ontake in the Kiso region founded by Nehashi Umetarō (1868–1922) as the Chikaku Kōsha (Chikaku Religious Association). ;Chūshinkai :A movement focused on

divination Divination () is the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of an occultic ritual or practice. Using various methods throughout history, diviners ascertain their interpretations of how a should proceed by reading signs, ...

and

onomancy Onomancy (or nomancy) is divination based on a subject's name. Onomancy gained popularity in Europe during the Late Middle Ages, but is said to have originated with the Pythagoreans in antiquity. Several methods of analyzing a name are possible, s ...

, founded by Kumazaki Ken'ō (1881–1961). ;Daihizenkyō :Founded by Orimo Nami (1893–1966). ; Ennōkyō (円応教) :Founded by Fukada Chiyoko (1887–1925). ;Hachidai Ryūō Daishizen Aishinkyōdan :Founded by Ishikawa Sen (1886–1961), who declared to be

possessed Possessed may refer to: Possession * Possession (disambiguation), having some degree of control over something else ** Spirit possession, whereby gods, demons, animas, or other disincarnate entities may temporarily take control of a human body *** ...

(''kamigakari'') by a spirit. ;Hachidai Ryūōjin Hakkō Seidan :Founded by Demura Ryūsei (1926– ). ;Hachirakukai Kyōdan :Founded by Ogawa Kōichirō (1919–80). ;Hi no Oshie :Teaching of the Sun. Founded by Sakuma Nikkō (1884–1954) (Nikkō means "sun-light"). ;Hikari Kyōkai :Derived from Ōmoto. Founded by painter Okamoto Tenmei (1897–1963). ;Hizuki no Miya :Founded by Fujimoto Toshinari (1930–1989). The founding of the religion is dated from January 11, 1956, when Fujimoto received a revelation from the

Amaterasu ōmikami , often called Amaterasu () for short, also known as and , is the Solar deity, goddess of the sun in Japanese mythology. Often considered the chief Kami, deity (''kami'') of the Shinto Pantheon (religion), pantheon, she is also portrayed in Jap ...

. ; Honbushin (ほんぶしん) :A group from Tenrikyō lineage. Founded by

Ōnishi Tama Ōnishi Tama (大西玉, November 19, 1916 – September 1, 1969) was a Japanese religious leader known as the founder of Honbushin, a Tenrikyo-based (Japanese new religion). She was the daughter of Ōnishi Aijirō, who had founded the Ho ...

(1916–1969), the group was founded in 1961 within Honmichi as the Tenri Mirokukai (Tenri Miroku Association) and later seceded. ; Honmichi ((ほんみち) :Founded by Ōnishi Aijirō (1881–1958), a former Tenrikyō missionary. ; Ijun (いじゅん) :Founded by Takayasu Ryūsen (1934–) as an

Okinawa most commonly refers to: * Okinawa Prefecture, Japan's southernmost prefecture * Okinawa Island, the largest island of Okinawa Prefecture * Okinawa Islands, an island group including Okinawa itself * Okinawa (city), the second largest city in th ...

n religion. ;Ishinkyō :Founded by Hashiguchi Reizui (1879–1963). ;Izumo Shin’yū Kyōkai :Founded in 1968 by Hosoya Seiko (1927–) after she had practiced austerities in Izumo, Nara and Eiheiji. ;Izumokyō (出雲教) :This is a religion reminiscent of sectarian Shinto (Kyōha Shintō). It was started by Kitajima Naganori (1834–93). ;Jieidō :Lineage of Sekai Kyūseikyō, founded by Katsunuma Hisako (1927–). ; Jingūkyō (神宮教) :With characteristics of Sect Shinto (Kyōha Shintō) and founded by Urata Nagatami and others. ;Kakushin Shūkyō Nipponkyō :Founded in 1940, when the "Father-deity Kotoshironushi no ōkami" descended upon Chitose Makami (1879–1986). ; Kami Ichijōkyō (神一条教) :A Tenrikyō-lineage group founded by (1889–1974). ;Kannagarakyō :Founded by Mizuno Fusa (1883–1970). ;Kikueikai Kyōdan :Founded in 1928 by the sculptor of Buddhist images Hayashi Shikō (1901–88). Shikō claimed that a golden sphere with the form of a "nine-star divination pattern" came floating towards him, after which he began to engage in spiritual healing. ;Kogi Shintō :Founded by the Shinto priest Kuwabara Yachio (1910–) after World War II. ;Koshintō Senpōkyō :Founded by Masai Yoshimitsu (1907–1970), and known for its claim to be related to the tradition of "ancient Shinto" ( Koshintō). ; (皇祖皇太神宮天津教) :Founded by Takeuchi Kiyomaro (also Ōmaro) (1874–1965) based on the (''Takeuchi monjo''), claimed to be rediscovered ancient texts. ;Kuzuryū Taisha :Founded by Ōnishi Masajirō (1913–88) after receiving a dream oracle from the deity Benzaiten (Sanskrit

Sarasvati Saraswati (, ), also spelled as Sarasvati, is one of the principal Devi, goddesses in Hinduism, revered as the goddess of knowledge, education, learning, arts, speech, poetry, music, purification, language and culture. Together with the godde ...

) during a dream in 1954. ;Kyūseishukyō :Resulting from the merging of four branches of Sekai Kyūseikyō, it began its activities in 1955 after the death of the founder of Sekai Kyūseikyō, Okada Mokichi (1882–1955). ; Makoto no Michi (真の道) :Founded by Hagiwara Makoto (1910–81) who experienced paranormal powers since before World War II. ;Makoto no Michikyō :Founded by Matsumoto Jōtarō (September 1881–1944). ;Maruyamakyō (丸山教) :Founded by Itō Rokurobei (1829–94). ;Misogikyō Shinpa :Founded by Sakata Yasuhiro (1962–). ;Mitamakyō :Founded by Nagata Fuku (1891–1975). ;Miyaji Shinsendō :Founded by Miyaji Suii (known as Kakiwa, 1852–1904) and with strong

Taoist Taoism or Daoism (, ) is a diverse philosophical and religious tradition indigenous to China, emphasizing harmony with the Tao ( zh, p=dào, w=tao4). With a range of meaning in Chinese philosophy, translations of Tao include 'way', 'road', ...

influence. ;Nihon Jingū Honchō :Founded by Nakajima Shūkō (1902–88) who was deeply interested in the study of the traditional calendar (''rekigaku'') and the theory of five phases of matter (''gogyō''). ;Nihon Seidō Kyōdan :Founded by Iwasaki Shōō (1934–) who had a mystical experience while in a coma. ;Nikkōkyō (日光教) :Founded by Teraguchi Kōjirō (1881–1960). ;Ōkanmichi (おうかんみち) :Founded by Yamada Baijirō (1875–1941), a Tenrikyō teacher. ;Ōmiwakyō (Sako) :Founded by Sako Kan (1878–1937). ;Ōmiwakyō (Kojima) :Founded by Kojima Moriyoshi in 1872. ; Ōmoto (大本) :Founded by Deguchi Nao (1836–1918) and Deguchi Onisaburō (1871–1948) after a "spirit dream" at the lunar New Year in 1892. ;Ōmoto Hikari no Michi (大本光之道) :Founded by Hōkan Meikyō (1923–) based on Ōmoto and Sekai Kyūseikyō. ; Ōyamanezu no Mikoto Shinji Kyōkai (大山ねずの命神示教会) :Founded by Inai Sadao (1906–88). ;Perfect Liberty Kyōdan ( PL Kyōdan) (パーフェクトリバティー教団) :Known as Church of Perfect Liberty frequently abbreviated as merely "PL", founded by Miki Tokuharu (1871–1938), a Zen monk. ;Reiha no Hikari Kyōkai (霊波之光教会) :Founded by Hase Yoshio (1915–84). ;Renmonkyō :Founded by Shimamura Mitsu (1831–1904) who was saved from serious illness by Yanagita Ichibei, who had studied the "marvelous law of things" (''myōhō no ji''). ;Renshindō Kyōdan :Founded by Tanaka Jigohei (1886–1973). ;Samuhara Jinja :Started in 1935 when Tanaka Tomisaburō (1868–1967) rebuilt a dilapidated shrine in Okayama. ; Seichō no Ie (生長の家) :Connected to Ōmoto and founded by Taniguchi Masaharu (1893–1985). ;Seikōkyō :Founded by Fujita Nobuhiko (1889–1977). ;Seimeikyō :Derived from Sekai Kyūseikyō and created in 1955 by Kihara Yoshihiko. ;Seishin Myōjōkai :Founded by Fujita Motonari (1903–85). ; Sekai Kyūseikyō (世界救世教) :Church of World Messianity from the Ōmoto lineage. It was founded by Okada Mokichi. ; Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyōdan (世界真光文明教団) :Also known as World Divine Light outside Japan, it is one of the

Mahikari movement The Mahikari movement (Japanese: ) is a Japanese Japanese new religions, new religious movement (''shinshūkyō'') that was founded in 1959 by Yoshikazu Okada (岡田良一) (1901–1974). The word "Mahikari" means "True (真, ma) Light (光, h ...

Okada Kōtama (1901–1974, born Yoshikazu) founded the Mahikari religion, which then split into Sukyo Mahikari and Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyōdan (World Divine Light) upon his death. ; Sekai Shindōkyō (世界心道教) :Founded by Aida Hide (1898–1973). ;Shidaidō :Founded by Nagahashi Yasuhiko (1895–1981) in 1931. ;Shikō Gakuen :Founded by Kawakami Seizan (1908–51). ;Shin Nihon Shūkyō Dantai Rengōkai :Federation of New Religious Organizations of Japan, founded by and for new Japanese religious movements. Established in 1951 with a membership of twenty-four groups. ; Shindō Tenkōkyo (神道天行居) :Founded by Tomokiyo Yoshizane (1888–1952). ; Shinji Shūmeikai (神慈秀明会) :Founded by Koyama Mihoko (1910–). ; Shinmei Aishinkai (神命愛心会) :Founded by Komatsu Shin'yō (1928– ). ;Shinreikai Kyōdan (神霊会教団) :Founded by Ishii Reizan (born Iwayoshi, 1884–58) who had a revelation in 1932. ; Shinreikyō (神霊教) :Founded by Ōtsuka Kan'ichi (1891–72). ;Shinri Jikkō no Oshie :Founded by Honjō Chiyoko (1902–1957). ;Shinsei Tengan Manaita no Kai :Founded by Kurata Chikyū (1906–91). ;Shintō Shinkyō :Founded by Unigame Ito (1876–1976). ;Shintō Shinshinkyō :Founded by Adachi Taijūrō (1841–1895) who received a divine revelation after nine years of his own unique form of practice. ;Shizensha :Founded by Hashimoto Satomi (1899–1984). ; Shōroku Shintō Yamatoyama (松緑神道大和山) :Founded by Tazawa Seishirō (1884–1966) after dedicating a shrine to a "mountain kami" (''yama no kami'') in 1919, witnessing extraordinary astronomical phenomena, and hearing divine voices. ;Shūyōdan Hōseikai (修養団捧誠会) :Founded by Idei Seitarō (1899–1983). ;Soshindō :Started focused on Matsushita Matsuzō (1873–1947), a spirit medium (''reinōsha'') active from the Taisho era (1912–26) to the World War II period. ;Soshindō Kyōdan :Founded by Yoshioka Tajūrō (1905–87). ;Subikari Kōha Sekai Shindan :Founded by the spiritualist

manga are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long history in earlier Japanese art. The term is used in Japan to refer to both comics ...

artist Kuroda Minoru (1928– ). ;Sukui no Hikari Kyōdan (救いの光教団) :A new religion deriving from Sekai Kyūseikyō, one of several groups in opposition to that religion's policy of centralization (''ichigenka'') implemented in the mid-1960s. ; Sūkyō Mahikari (崇教真光) :Derived from the lineages of Ōmoto and Sekai Kyūseikyō, founded by Kōtama Okada (Sukuinushisama) (1901–74) on August 28, 1959 and established as a registered religious organisation on 1978 by Mr Okada's daughter Sachiko Keishu Okada (Oshienushisama), (1929– ). ;Sumerakyō :Founded by Onikura Taruhiko after having experienced possession (''kamigakari'') by a deity around 1919. ;Taireidō :Founded by Tanaka Morihei (1884–1928) who was said to have acquired a kind of supranormal power (''reishiryoku'') after a four-month ascetic seclusion in the mountains. ;Taiwa Kyōdan :Emerged from Yamatokyō, founded by Hozumi Kenkō (1913–76) and his wife Hisako (1908–2003). ;Tamamitsu Jinja (玉光神社) :Founded by the spirit medium Motoyama Kinue (1909–74). ;Ten'onkyo (天恩教) :Founded by Hachiro Fukuji (1899–1962) who experienced the ability to converse with a spirit, and thereafter received visitations from various deities. ;Tenchikyō (天地教) :Founded by Uozumi Masanobu (1852–1928). ;Tengenkyō :Founded by Naniwa Hisakazu (1902–84). ;Tenjōkyō :Founded by Ishiguro Jō (1908– ). ;Tenjōkyō Hon'in :Founded by Kuramoto Ito (1895–1985). ;Tenkōkyō ((天光教) :Derived from Konkōkyō. Founded by Fujita Shinshō (?–1966) who received at age nineteen a revelation from a deity he called ''Tenchikane no kami'' ("heaven-earth gold deity"). ; Tenrikyō (天理教) :It was one of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto. Founded by Nakayama Miki (1798–1887) after having a sudden experience of spirit possession (''kamigakari'') from a deity she called Tenri-O-no-Mikoto. in the tenth lunar month of 1863. Tenrikyo removed itself from its Sect Shinto classification when it was free to do so after World War II. ;Tensei Shinbikai :Founded by Iwanaga Kayoko (1934–). ;Tensenku Monkyō (Tendan) :Known locally as Tinsinkun Munchu (Tinkha), emerged from ancient Shintō (Koshintō) in the southern Ryukyu islands. ;Tensha Tsuchimikado Shintō Honchō :Inspired in Tsuchimikado Shintō (Tensha Shintō). ;Tenshin Seikyō :Founded by Shimada Seiichi (1896–1985). ;Tenshindō Kyōdan :Founded by Tamura Reishō (1890–1968) who received the revelation of

Kami are the Deity, deities, Divinity, divinities, Spirit (supernatural entity), spirits, mythological, spiritual, or natural phenomena that are venerated in the traditional Shinto religion of Japan. ''Kami'' can be elements of the landscape, forc ...

on April 3, 1927

While working in the office of the Governor-General of Korea, Reishō studied the Daoistic magical arts transmitted in Korea since ancient times.Tenshindō Kyōdan
By Yumiyama Tatsuya, 2006/ 5/ 25, Establishment of a National Learning Institute for the Dissemination of Research on Shinto and Japanese Culture ;Tenshinkyō Shin'yūden Kyōkai :Founded by Kamiide Fusae (1922–1980) who had a sudden experience of spirit possession (''kamigakari'') in 1958. ;

Tenshō Kōtai Jingūkyō Tenshō Kōtai Jingūkyō (Japanese language, Japanese ) is a Japanese new religious movement which emerged from Shinto. The movement began activities in 1945, and reportedly includes 450,000 members. It was established by Sayo Kitamura () (190 ...

(天照皇大神宮教) :Founded by Kitamura Sayo (1900–1967). ;Tenshōkyō :Founded by Senba Hideo (1925–) and his wife Senba Kimiko. ;Tenshūkyō :Founded by Unagami Haruho (1896–1965). ;Tokumitsukyō :Founded by Kanada Tokumitsu (1863–1919). ; World Mate (ワールドメイト; formerly Cosmomate) :Founded by Fukami Seizan (aka Fukami Tōshū, born

Haruhisa Handa is a Japanese religious leader and a businessman. Handa is the chairman and spiritual leader of the Shinto-based religion World Mate. He is also known by the name in his artistic career, as well as the pen name . He also uses the pseudonym , w ...

) (1951–). ;Yamakage Shintō :Emerged from "ancient Shinto" ( Koshintō) tradition, founded by the Yamakage family. ;Yamatokyō (大和教) :Founded by Hozumi Kenkō (1913–76), a practitioner of Shugendō at Dewa Sanzan. ; Zenrinkyō (善隣教) :Founded by Rikihisa Tatsusai (1906–77).

Other sects and schools

There may be some Shinto schools and sects, that even having a structure and followers, are not included in authoritative publications. This may be because of their small size and influence, fairly unknown presence or practices, or because those schools are new branches from older schools and still considered within their structure.

Notes

References

* Breen, John and

Mark Teeuwen Mark J. Teeuwen (Marcus Jacobus Teeuwen, born 9 February 1966, Eindhoven) is a Dutch academic and Japanologist. He is an expert in Japanese religious practices, and he is a professor at the University of Oslo.University of Oslo faculty CV/ref> In a ...

. (2000)
''Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami.''
Honolulu:

University of Hawaii Press A university () is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Uni ...

. . * Encyclopedia of New Religions, Shinshūkyō jiten. Inoue Nobutaka et al., eds., Kōbundō, 1990. * Encyclopedia of Shinto, Schools, Groups and Personalities. Institute of Japanese Culture and Classics, Kokugakuin University (2006) Edit Norman Havens * Religions Yearbook,

Agency for Cultural Affairs The is a special body of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). It was set up in 1968 to promote Japanese arts and culture. The agency's budget for FY 2018 rose to ¥107.7 billion. Overview The age ...

, Shūkyō nenkan (1993), eds Japan Monbushō, Japan Bunkachō. ISSN 0583-1571 {{DEFAULTSORT:Shinto Sects And Schools Religious denominations