The is a

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

ese book of laws and customs. The major part of the writing was completed in 927. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)
"''Engi-shiki''"
in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 178.

History

Emperor Daigo was the 60th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 醍醐天皇 (60)/ref> according to the traditional order of succession. Daigo's reign spanned the years from 897 through 930. He is named after his place of burial. Gen ...

ordered the compilation of the ''Engishiki'' in 905. Although previous attempts at codification are known to have taken place, neither the ''Konin'' nor the ''Jogan Gishiki'' survive, making the Engishiki important for early Japanese historical and religious studies.

Fujiwara no Tokihira was a Japanese statesman, courtier, regent and politician of the powerful Fujiwara clan during the Heian period.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Tokihira" in ; Brinkley, Frank ''et al.'' (1915). Career Tokihira was a minister ...

began the task, but work stalled when he died four years later in 909. His brother Fujiwara no Tadahira continued the work in 912 eventually completing it in 927. While the ''Engishiki'' was presented to the throne in 927, it was not used as a basis for enacting policy until 967. Possible reasons for this delay in application include a need for it to be revised, the fact that it was simply a record of already existing systems, and also that some of those systems functioned in name only.

The text is 50 volumes in lengths and is organized by department: *volumes 1–10: Department of Worship: In addition to regulating ceremonials including Daijōsai (the first

Niiname-sai The ''Niiname-sai'' (新嘗祭, also read Shinjō-sai and Niiname-no-Matsuri) is a Japanese harvest ritual. The ritual is celebrated by the Emperor of Japan, who thanks the Shinto deities for a prosperous year and prays for a fruitful new year. ...

following the accession of a new emperor) and worship at

Ise Grand Shrine The , located in Ise, Mie Prefecture of Japan, is a Shinto shrine dedicated to the solar goddess Amaterasu Ōmikami and the grain goddess Toyouke-hime (Toyouke Omikami). Also known simply as , Ise Shrine is a shrine complex composed of many Shi ...

and Saikū, this section of the ''Engishiki'' recorded liturgical texts and 2,861 officially recognized

Shinto shrine A Stuart D. B. Picken, 1994. p. xxiii is a structure whose main purpose is to house ("enshrine") one or more kami, , the deities of the Shinto religion. The Also called the . is where a shrine's patron is or are enshrined.Iwanami Japanese dic ...

s as well as 3,131 officially-recognized ''

kami are the Deity, deities, Divinity, divinities, Spirit (supernatural entity), spirits, mythological, spiritual, or natural phenomena that are venerated in the traditional Shinto religion of Japan. ''Kami'' can be elements of the landscape, forc ...

''. *volumes 11–40:

Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs ...

and Eight Ministries *volumes 41–49: Other departments *volume 50: Miscellaneous laws

''Engishiki Jinmyōchō''

The ''Engishiki Jinmyōchō'' is the part of the ''Engishiki'' where the main

shrines A shrine ( "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: ''escrin'' "box or case") is a sacred space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor worship, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, Daemon (mythology), daemon, or similar figure of respect, wh ...

and ''

'' of Japan are listed. Shrines listed in the ''Engishiki'' are referred to collectively as while shrines that existed at the time but were not included are called . There are 2,861 shrines and 3,132 ''kami'' listed in the ''Engishiki,'' divided into four categories based on whether they were imperially or nationally run, and major or minor: * - 198 shrines and 304 ''kami'' * - 375 in total and 433 ''kami'' * - 155 in total and 188 ''kami'' * - 2,133 in total and 2,207 ''kami'' In addition to listing officially recognized shrines and ''kami'', the ''Jinmyōchō'' notes 285 ''kami'' of those officially recognized as having the title of due to their particularly noteworthy power.

Shrine lists

These are non-exhaustive lists of shrines of the given categories defined by the Engishiki

List of Myojin Taisha

* Aso Shrine * Atsuta Shrine * Awa Shrine * Awaga Shrine *

Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine (), also known as Chokaisan Ōmonoimi-jinja, is a Shinto shrine on Mount Chokai in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. The shrine has three parts on different parts of the mountain: Fukura-kuchinomiya and Warabioka-kuchinomiya ...

* Dewa Shrine * Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha *

Fushimi Inari-taisha is the head shrine of the ''kami'' Inari, located in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. The shrine sits at the base of a mountain, also named Inari, which is above sea level, and includes trails up the mountain to many smaller shrin ...

* Futarasan shrine * Gassan Shrine *

Hakozaki Shrine is a Shintō Shinto shrines, shrine in Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Fukuoka .Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines,'' p. 339. History Hakozaki Shrine was founded in , with the transfer of the spirit of the ''kami Hachiman'' ...

Hikawa Shrine (Saitama) is a Shinto shrine located in Ōmiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the two shrines claiming the title of '' ichinomiya'' of former Musashi Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on August 1. The dis ...

* Hinokuma Shrine *

Hirano Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Kyoto. It is an ancient shrine listed in the Engishiki Jinmyocho as a Myojin Taisha and one of the Twenty-Two Shrines (specifically the Upper Seven Shrines). Formerly ranked as a Kanpei Taisha under the Modern sys ...

* Hiraoka Shrine * Hirose Taisha * Hirota Shrine *

Hiyoshi Taisha is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture Japan. This shrine is one of the Twenty-Two Shrines. Known before World War II as or Hie jinja, "Hiyoshi" is now the preferred spelling. It was also known as the . The head shr ...

* Hotaka Shrine * Ichinomiya Asama Shrine (Fuefuki) * Ichinomiya Sengen Shrine * Ichinomiya Shrine (Tokushima) * * Ikukunitama Shrine * Ikushimatarushima Shrine *

Ikuta Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Chūō Ward of Kobe, Japan, and is possibly among the oldest shrines in the country. It was founded by Empress Jingu when she returned from the Three Han (三韓, Korea) campaign. She was nearly shipwrecked but manag ...

* Imizu Shrine * Inbe Shrine * Isasumi Shrine *

Isono Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Saijō, Shikoku, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. It is a Beppyo shrine. It is notable for two different festivals: Saijo Matsuri, and Isono Jinja Sairei. Festivals The Saijo Matsuri Japanese festivals, or , are trad ...

* Isonokami Shrine * Itakiso shrine *

Itsukushima Shrine is a Shinto shrine on the island of Itsukushima (popularly known as Miyajima), best known for its "floating" ''torii''.Louis-Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2005)"''Itsukushima-jinja''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 407. It is in the cit ...

* Iwa Shrine *

Izanagi Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Taga neighborhood of the city of Awaji in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Awaji Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on April 22. Enshrined ''kami'' The ''kami'' en ...

* Izumo-daijingū *

Izumo-taisha , officially Izumo Ōyashiro, is one of the most ancient and important Shinto shrines in Japan. No record gives the date of establishment. Located in Izumo, Shimane Prefecture, it is home to two major festivals. It is dedicated to the god , fa ...

* Izushi Shrine * *

Kaijin Shrine Kaijin Shrine (海神神社), also read as Watatsumi Shrine, is a significant Shinto shrine located on Tsushima Island in the Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, that holds a Beppyo status. This status denotes that the shrine is remarkable and holds a ...

* Kamado Shrine * Kamigamo Shrine * Kanasana Shrine *

Kashima Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Kashima, Ibaraki in the northern Kantō region of Japan. It is dedicated to , one of the patron deities of martial arts. Various dōjō of ''kenjutsu'' and ''kendō'' often display a hanging scroll emblazoned with t ...

Kasuga-taisha is a Shinto shrine in Nara, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It is the shrine of the Fujiwara family, established in 768 CE and rebuilt several times over the centuries. The interior is famous for its many bronze lanterns, as well as the many stone la ...

* Katori Shrine * Kehi Shrine * Keta Jinja * Keta Taisha * Kibitsu Shrine (Bitchū) * Kibitsuhiko Shrine * Kifune Shrine * Kinpu Shrine (Yoshino) *

Kono Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Ōgaki neighborhood of the city of Miyazu in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Tango Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on April 24.The shrine is also called the , and ...

* Kōra taisha * Kumano Hongū Taisha * Kumano Taisha *

Masumida Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Masumida neighborhood of the city of Ichinomiya in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Owari Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on April 3. Enshrined ''kami'' The ''kami'' ...

* Matsunoo Taisha * Mikami Shrine *

Mishima Taisha The is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Mishima in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Izu Province as well as its Sōja shrine. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on August 16, and features '' yab ...

Munakata Taisha is a collection of three Shinto Shinto shrine, shrines located in Munakata, Fukuoka, Munakata, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is the head of the approximately 6,000 Munakata shrines all over the country. Although the name Munakata Taisha refers to ...

* Nagata Shrine * Nakayama Shrine *

Nangū Taisha is a Shinto shrine located in the town of Tarui, Gifu, Tarui in Fuwa District, Gifu, Fuwa District, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Mino Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on May 25. The shrine ...

* Niukawakami Shrine * Niutsuhime Shrine * Nukisaki Shrine *

Ōasahiko Shrine file:Ōasahiko-jinja torii.jpeg, Ōasahiko Shrine's main ''torii'' is a Shinto shrine in the Ōasachō-Bandō neighborhood of the city of Naruto, Tokushima, Naruto, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the shrines claiming the title of ''ich ...

* Oarai Shrine * Oarai Isosaki Shrine *

Ōmiwa Shrine , also known as , is a Shinto shrine located in Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The shrine is notable because it contains no sacred images or objects, since it is believed to serve Mount Miwa, the mountain on which it stands. For the same ...

* Ōmiwa Shrine, Ichinomiya * *

Ōtori taisha is a Shinto shrine located in Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Izumi Province. The shrine's main festival is held annually on August 13. Shrine name and legend The shrine has been called variously as ...

Ōyamato Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Tenri, Nara in Japan. In the time of Emperor Sujin there was a crisis. Amaterasu ( via the Yata-no-Kagami and the Kusanagi sword) and Yamato Okunitama, the tutelary deity of Yamato, were originally worshipped in ...

* Ōyamazumi Shrine * Sakatsura Isosaki Shrine * Samukawa Shrine *

Shikaumi Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. It is located on Shikanoshima island. The Azumi people, who inhabited Kyushu, traditionally followed the sea deity, Watatsumi. Shikaumi Shrine is considered this deity's ancestral shrine ...

* Shimogamo Shrine * Sumiyoshi Shrine (Fukuoka) * Sumiyoshi Shrine (Shimonoseki) * Sumiyoshi-taisha *

Suwa-taisha , historically also known as Suwa Shrine (諏訪神社 ''Suwa-jinja'') or , is a group of Shinto shrines in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The shrine complex is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Shinano Province and is considered to be one of the oldest sh ...

* Sumiyoshi Shrine (Iki City) * * Tagata Shrine * * Tashima Shrine * Tado Taisha * Takebe taisha *

Tamasaki Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Ichinomiya neighborhood of the town of Ichinomiya in Chōsei District, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Kazusa Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on September 13, and ...

* Tamura Shrine * Tatsuta Taisha * Three Mountains of Dewa * Tsukiyomi Shrine (Kyoto) * Tsukubasan Shrine * Tsutsukowake Shrine * Ube Shrine * Umenomiya Taisha *

Usa Jingū , also known as , is a Shinto shrine in the city of Usa in Ōita Prefecture in Japan. Emperor Ojin, who was deified as Hachiman-jin (the tutelary god of warriors), is said to be enshrined in all the sites dedicated to him; and the first and ear ...

* Utsunomiya Futarayama Shrine * Wakasahiko Shrine * Watatsumi Shrine * Yahiko Shrine *

List of Shikinai Taisha

Aekuni Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Iga, Mie, Iga, Mie Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''Ichinomiya'' of the former Iga Province and claims to have been founded in the seventh century. It is classified as a Beppo Shrine by the Association of ...

* Ikasuri Shrine *

Ikoma Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Ikoma, Nara, Ikoma, Nara Prefecture, Nara, Japan. Generally called . The formal name of the shrine is "". This shrine is also known as "Ikoma-Taisha", which means "great shrine of Ikoma". History According to the ''Sokoku-F ...

* *

Izawa-jinja is a Shinto shrine in the Arashima neighborhood of the city of Toba in Mie Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the two shrines claiming the title of ''ichinomiya'' of former Shima Province. The main festivals of the shrine are held annually on Janua ...

Izawa-no-miya is a Shinto shrine in the Kaminogō neighborhood of Isobe in the city of Shima in Mie Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the two shrines claiming the title of ''ichinomiya'' of former Shima Province. Together with the in Taiki, it is one of the ...

* Kagoshima Shrine * Kumano Hayatama Taisha * Sasamuta Shrine * * Susaki Shrine * Tosa Shrine * Uda Mikumari Shrine * Yoshino Mikumari Shrine

List of Shikinai Shosha

* Atago Shrine * Chichibu Shrine * * Dewa Shrine * * Hirasaki Shrine * Iminomiya Shrine * Itatehyōzu Shrine * Izusan Shrine * Kamayama Shrine * Komagata Shrine * Miho Shrine *

Minashi Shrine file:Minashi-jinja haiden.jpeg, Minashi Shrine ''haiden (Shinto), haiden'' , commonly: is a Shinto shrine located in the Ichinomiya neighborhood of the city of Takayama, Gifu, Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of the fo ...

* Mononobe Shrine * Nunakuma Shrine *

Ōgamiyama Shrine 250px, Saino Kawara is a Shinto shrine, in Daisen, Tottori, Japan. A number of its structures have been designated Important Cultural Properties. Origins Ōgamiyama Jinja is a complex of Shinto shrines, which were created to worship Daise ...

* Oguni shrine * * Owari Ōkunitama Shrine * * Oyama Shrine * Sada Shrine *

Shirayama Hime Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Sannomiyamachi neighborhood of the city of Hakusan in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Kaga Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on May 6. It is the head shrine of ap ...

* Shitori Shrine *

Shizuoka Sengen Shrine is the name for a collective group of three Shinto shrines now forming a single religious corporation, located at Mount Shizuhata in Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. These shrines are the Kanbe Jinja (神部神社), Sengen Jinja (� ...

* * Susa Shrine * Taga-taisha * Takase Shrine * Tamanooya Shrine * Toga Shrine * Tsukubasan Shrine * *

Tsuno Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the Kawakita neighborhood of the town of Tsuno, Miyazaki, Tsuno, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of the former Hyūga Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on December 5. ...

Watatsu Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Hamochiiioka neighborhood of the city of Sado, Niigata. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Sado Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on the April 23. Enshrined ''kami'' The primary ''kami'' enshr ...

* Yaegaki Shrine

References

External links

Japanese text and English translation
at the

*Manuscript scans,

Waseda University Library The collections of Waseda University Library (早稲田大学図書館; ''Waseda Daigaku Toshokan'') form one of the largest libraries in Japan. Established in 1882, they currently hold some 5.6 million volumes and 46,000 serials. History The W ...

: volume
1-50
an
8-10
{{Authority control Government of Japan 920s in Japan Law of Japan Society of Japan Late Old Japanese texts Law books Legal history of Japan Shinto texts 10th century in law 10th-century Japanese books 927 Engishiki Jinmyocho