''Sheva Brachot'' (; literally, "the seven blessings"), also known as ''birkot nissuin'' (; literally, "the wedding blessings") in ''

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'', are blessings that have historically been recited during the

wedding A wedding is a ceremony in which two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnicity, ethnicities, Race (human categorization), races, religions, Religious denomination, denominations, Cou ...

of a Jewish couple. There are two stages to a Jewish wedding: betrothal (''

erusin ''Erusin'' (, also Babylonian ''ʾirrusin'') is the Hebrew term for betrothal. In Modern Hebrew, ''erusin'' means engagement, but this is not the historical meaning of the term, which is the first part of marriage, the second part being the '' ...

'') and establishing the full marriage (''nissuin''). Historically, there was a year between the two events, but the two are combined during contemporary Jewish wedding ceremonies. Although the ''Sheva Brachot'' are recorded and recited as a harmonious unit, the blessings are actually a mosaic of Biblical origination. It is uncertain who composed the benedictions in the form recorded in the Talmud, but the blessings likely originated centuries before their inclusion in tractate ''Ketubot''.

Occasion

In the seventh century, it was traditional for the blessings to be said at the groom's house, and at the house where the bride had spent the night previous to the marriage; this is still the tradition among Jews in some parts of Asia, but in most regions the wedding blessings are now recited towards the end of the formal marriage ceremony, under the ''

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''. These blessing are also recited as part of the week-long festivities celebrating the wedding; in most communities these festive meals occur during the week after the wedding, but among the

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they occur during the week before it. Under the ''chuppah'' the blessing over wine comes first; at the meal table it comes last, after the '' Grace After Meals''. If both the bride and the groom were previously married the post wedding celebrations are limited to three days, not seven. In such a case, the blessings are recited only after the very first festive meal, which should take place right after the wedding. In

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, the first six of the blessings are said only if a religiously valid quorum is present. On weekdays their recitation also requires the presence of at least one person who was not present for any of the previous ''Sheva Brachot'' of the couple. At the two main meals on

Shabbat Shabbat (, , or ; , , ) or the Sabbath (), also called Shabbos (, ) by Ashkenazi Hebrew, Ashkenazim, is Judaism's day of rest on the seventh day of the seven-day week, week—i.e., Friday prayer, Friday–Saturday. On this day, religious Jews ...

(but not at Seuda Shelishit) there is no need for a new guest, since the Shabbat itself is considered a new guest. New guests are referred to as ''new faces'' ().

Old Yemenite Jewish custom

The old Yemenite Jewish custom regarding the ''Sheva Brachot'' is recorded in Rabbi Yihya Saleh's (Maharitz) ''Responsa''. Yihya Saleh, ''Questions & Responsa Pe'ulath Ṣadiq'', vol. III, ''responsum'' # 252, Jerusalem 1979, p. 153 (Hebrew) The custom that was prevalent in

Sana'a Sanaa, officially the Sanaa Municipality, is the ''de jure'' capital and largest city of Yemen. The city is the capital of the Sanaa Governorate, but is not part of the governorate, as it forms a separate administrative unit. At an elevation ...

before the Exile of Mawza was to say the ''Sheva Brachot'' for the bridegroom and bride on a Friday morning, following the couple's wedding the day before, even though she had not slept in the house of her newly wedded husband. In Yemenite custom, the bride was brought to her husband's house only on the following day of their wedding. On Friday (Sabbath eve) they would pitch a large tent within a garden called ''al-Jowzah'', replete with pillows and cushions, and there, on the next day (Sabbath afternoon), they would repeat the seven benedictions for the bridegroom and bride, followed by prayer inside the tent, before they were dismissed to eat of their third Sabbath meal, at which time some accompanied the bridegroom to his own house to eat with him there. The significance of this practice, according to Maharitz, was that they made the seven blessings even when not actually eating in that place, a practice which differs from today's custom.

Performance

It is a common custom for these blessings to be pronounced by a

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or Rabbi, if they presided over the marriage, or otherwise for pronunciation of the blessings to be divided among honoured guests. Sometimes, the blessings are sung by the wedding guests en-masse. The blessings are usually said over a cup of wine. If multiple people say the blessings, the cup is passed to the person pronouncing each blessing. In many traditions, when a person pronounces the blessing, they and/or the groom drinks from the cup, either after each blessing, or just after all seven.

The wording

The text for Sheva B'rachot varies between Sephardic and Azhkenazic Jews, but may even vary from community to community. The standardized Ashkenazic is below, with an Egyptian Sephardic textual variant being inserted in parentheses ().

References

External links

Why Get Married - A Lesson in Seven Blessings by Mois Navon

{{Marital life in Judaism Jewish marital law Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish prayers and blessings