Sherborne

Sherborne is a market town and civil parish in north west Dorset, in South West England. It is sited on the River Yeo, on the edge of the Blackmore Vale, east of Yeovil. The parish includes the hamlets of Nether Coombe and Lower Clatcombe. The A30 road, which connects London to Penzance, runs through the town. In the 2021 census the population of Sherborne was 10,361.

Sherborne's historic buildings include Sherborne Abbey, its manor house, independent schools, and two castles: the ruins of a 12th-century fortified palace and the 16th-century mansion known as Sherborne Castle built by Sir Walter Raleigh. Much of the old town, including the abbey and many medieval and Georgian buildings, is built from distinctive ochre-coloured ham stone.

The town is served by Sherborne railway station.

Toponymy

The town was named ''scir burne'' by the Saxon inhabitants, a name meaning "clear stream", after a brook that runs through the centre of the town, and is referred to as such in the Domesday Book.

History

In 705 the diocese of Wessex was split between Sherborne and Winchester, and King Ine founded an abbey for St Aldhelm, the first Bishop of Sherborne, which covered Dorset, Somerset, and Devon. King Alfred the Great's elder brothers, King Æthelbald and King Æthelberht, are buried in the abbey. The large Sherborne diocese lasted until about 909 when it was further sub-divided into three sees, with Sherborne covering Dorset. In 933, King Æthelstan granted land at Sherborne to the nuns of Shaftesbury Abbey under the condition that they would recite the Psalter once a year on All Saints' day and say prayers for the king. The bishop's seat was moved to Old Sarum in 1075 and the church at Sherborne became a Benedictine monastery. In 1437 the Abbey was damaged by fire after tensions between the town and the monastery came to a head, but much of the Norman structure stands today. Following the Dissolution of the Monasteries, in 1539, the vacated monastery buildings were bought by Sir John Horsey and became the parish church. Sherborne was the centre of Sherborne Hundred for many centuries.

In the 12th century Roger de Caen, Bishop of Salisbury and Chancellor of England, built a fortified palace in Sherborne. During the English Civil War, the palace was destroyed in 1645 by General Fairfax. Its ruins are now owned by English Heritage.

In 1594 Sir Walter Raleigh built an Elizabethan mansion in the grounds of the old palace, today known as Sherborne Castle.

Sherborne became home to Yorkshireman Captain Christopher Levett, who came to the West Country as His Majesty's Woodward of Somersetshire, and who remained in Sherborne when he turned to a career as a naval captain and early explorer of New England.

Governance

In the UK national parliament, Sherborne is within the West Dorset parliamentary constituency. , the Member of Parliament (MP) is Edward Morello of the Liberal Democrats.

In local government, Sherborne is in the Dorset unitary authority at the highest tier. Sherborne elects 2 members to Dorset Council from two electoral wards, Sherborne East and Sherborne West. A third electoral ward, Sherborne Rural, contains the rural hinterland and surrounding villages, but none of Sherborne parish itself.

At the lower tier of local government, Sherborne is a civil parish with a 12-member parish council, which styles itself as Sherborne Town Council.

Historically, Sherborne was in Sherborne Hundred, and became a borough in 1227. It was an urban district from 1894 to 1974. A separate rural district council, Sherborne Rural District, administered the surrounding parishes during this period, but did not include the town itself. From 1974 to 2019, Sherborne was in West Dorset district.

Education

There has been a school in Sherborne since the time of King Alfred, who was educated there. The school was re-founded in 1550 as King Edward's grammar school, using some of the old abbey buildings, though it is now known simply as Sherborne School. The school is one of the independent schools in Britain, with alumni such as Cecil Day-Lewis, Alan Turing, Jeremy Irons, Chris Martin, John le Carré, Hugh Bonneville and John Cowper Powys. Sherborne School operates Sherborne International, a school which seeks to integrate international students into the British public school tradition.

Leweston School was founded as St. Anthony's in 1891 by the Sisters of Christian Instruction, Sacred Heart nuns from Belgium with Jesuit principles, who originally operated a full boarding school for girls in Sherborne town. The senior school moved to the Leweston Manor estate in 1948 and became known as St Antony's-Leweston; in 1993 the Preparatory school, which has since grown to include a nursery, followed. Leweston transitioned from a girls only school to fully co-educational in all years during a four-year transitional period from 2018 to 2021. The 2022 ISI inspection report described the quality of pupils' personal development in the senior school as excellent. The early years provision was described as outstanding in every category of inspection. Notable alumnae include businesswoman and conservative life peer Dido Harding, Baroness Harding of Winscombe and actresses Kristen Scott Thomas and Serena Scott Thomas

Sherborne School for Girls, often simply known as Sherborne Girls was founded in 1895. Its notable alumnae include the opera singer Emma Kirkby and the scientist Rosa Beddington.

Sherborne Preparatory School is located opposite Sherborne School, and many of its pupils choose to go on to Sherborne School or Sherborne Girls.

Until 1992 there were also two grammar schools, Foster's School for Boys and Lord Digby's School for Girls. Both schools merged with another local school to form The Gryphon School.

The town also has two primary schools, Sherborne Abbey Primary School and Sherborne Primary School.

Local Media

The local radio station is  Abbey104, a community based radio station that broadcasts to the town and surrounding areas in Dorset and Somerset.

The town’s local newspapers are the Sherborne Mercury and Dorset Echo.

Historic buildings

There are 378 listed buildings within the town, and a further 23 in Castleton parish (the rural parish which almost surrounds the town). These include 14 Grade I listed buildings and 21 Grade II* listed buildings.

The almshouses of John the Baptist and John the Evangelist were founded in 1437, and building completed in 1448. It was expanded in 1866 in indistinguishable medieval architecture, and continues to be a residential institution to the present day.

The Abbey Gatehouse, once the east gatehouse to the former Benedictine monastery. Following the dissolution of the monasteries, the building was sold off and used for secular purposes. Since 1966, it has been occupied by Sherborne Museum.

Lord Digby school, now known as Sherborne House, was designed by Benjamin Bastard. Famed for its mural by Sir James Thornhill, it was a subject for the BBC's ''Restoration'' programme in 2004.

Other notable historic buildings in the town include the 1405 Hospice of St Julian; and No. 101 Newland, built in 1297; and St Emerenciana's Chapel (now Nethercoombe Farm), built in the late 14th century and the only building in the country to have been dedicated to this saint. Also listed is the Conduit, originally built in the Abbey Cloister in 1520 as the monks' wash place before it was moved to the market place in 1560.

Churches

The Church of England parish church – Sherborne Abbey – is the most prominent building in the town. St Paul's Church is another Church of England church, in the northeast of the town. The Bishop of Sherborne is a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury.

There is a Catholic church – the Church of The Sacred Heart and St Aldhelm – located on Westbury.

Cheap Street Church is a joint Methodist and United Reformed congregation. Originally a Methodist church, it was built in stages through the mid-late 19th Century and is Grade II listed.

Demographics

At the 2011 census, 28.7% of the population is aged 65 or older.

Notable residents

* Mike Davis, a rugby player and coach with England.
* John Hyatt (1767-1826), Influential nonconformist pastor and missionary.
* The social reformer and moralist Rev Sir James Marchant died here in 1956.
* Olympic sailor Andrew Simpson (1976–2013) lived here.
* Olympic field hockey player Michael Walford lived and worked here for many years before his death in 2002.

Environment and community

Sherborne has an active green community, with various environmental and sustainability organisations in the area. The Quarr Local Nature Reserve at the northern end of the town makes use of an old quarry and landfill site, Sherborne Area Partnership oversees a successful environment forum and, in 2009, Sherborne became an official Transition Town, running a number of projects and events as a community response to climate change and peak oil.

Pack Monday Fair

The town has for centuries hosted an annual street fair, Pack Monday Fair, starting on the Monday following 10 October ( Old Michaelmas Day). Originally an agricultural fair, it is now devoted to stalls, sideshows and a funfair.

Sport and leisure

Sherborne has a non-League football club Sherborne Town FC, a cricket club (Sherborne CC), and a rugby club, Sherborne RFC.

International relations

Sherborne is a founding member of the Douzelage, a town twinning association of 24 towns across the European Union. This active town twinning began in 1991 and there are regular events, such as a produce market from each of the other countries and festivals.
Discussions regarding membership are also in hand with three further towns ( Agros in Cyprus, Å kofja Loka in Slovenia, and Tryavna in Bulgaria).

Sherbourne Street, Toronto and Sherbourne (TTC) subway station was named after the town, as it was the birthplace of Upper Canada official and Toronto resident Thomas Ridout (politician), Thomas Ridout.

Sources and references

General sources

* Pitt-Rivers, Michael, 1968. ''Dorset''. London: Faber & Faber.
* ''The 1985 AA illustrated guide to the towns and villages of Britain''.

Citations

External links

Town web site

{{Authority control

Sherborne,
Market towns in Dorset
Towns in Dorset
Civil parishes in Dorset