Shepetivka
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Shepetivka (, ; ) is a
city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...
located on the Huska River in
Khmelnytskyi Oblast Khmelnytskyi Oblast (), also known as Khmelnychchyna (), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) in western Ukraine covering portions of the historical regions of western Podolia and southern Volhynia. The Capital (political) ...
(
province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
) in western
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
. Shepetivka is the
administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...
of
Shepetivka Raion Shepetivka Raion () is a raion in Khmelnytskyi Oblast in Ukraine. Its administrative center is Shepetivka. Its population is On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast was reduce ...
(
district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...
). It hosts the administration of
Shepetivka urban hromada Shepetivka urban territorial hromada () is one of the hromadas of Ukraine, located in Shepetivka Raion in northern Khmelnytskyi Oblast. Its administrative centre is the city of Shepetivka Shepetivka (, ; ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, c ...
, one of the
hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...
s of Ukraine. Population: Shepetivka is an important
railway Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in railway track, tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel railway track, rails. Rail transport is one of the two primary means of ...
junction with five intersecting transit routes. It is located 100 km away from
Khmelnytskyi Khmelnytskyi (, ) is a city in western Ukraine. Located on the Southern Bug, it serves as the administrative centre of Khmelnytskyi Oblast as well as Khmelnytskyi Raion within the oblast. With a population of Khmelnytskyi is the second-larges ...
, the oblast's capital. The city is located near historic city of Iziaslav, the center of Ruthenian
Zasławski The House of Zasławski (plural ''Zasławscy'') was the name of a Polish–Ruthenian noble family and a cadet branch of the Ostrogski family. The Zasławski family had its power base in Volhynia, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (today in Ukra ...
princely estate.


History

A settlement called Shepetovka, belonging to the prince Ivan Zaslavsky, was first mentioned in a written document in 1594. In the 16th century Shepetivka didn't differ from other settlements of
Volhynia Volhynia or Volynia ( ; see #Names and etymology, below) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between southeastern Poland, southwestern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine. The borders of the region are not clearly defined, but in ...
. The settlement had a community and a windmill. It was given
Magdeburg Rights Magdeburg rights (, , ; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages gr ...
at the end of the 16th century. This contributed the settlement's expansion and growing population. At the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, the peasantry was intensively enslaved. Population of Shepetivka also suffered from frequent attacks of the
Crimean Tatars Crimean Tatars (), or simply Crimeans (), are an Eastern European Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group and nation indigenous to Crimea. Their ethnogenesis lasted thousands of years in Crimea and the northern regions along the coast of the Blac ...
. Peasants and craftsmen responded to the feudal oppression with the revolt in 1591-1593, led by
Krzysztof Kosiński Krzysztof Kosiński, also known as Kryshtof Kosynsky
''Encyclopedia of Ukraine'', vol ...
, and the revolt in 1594-1596, led by
Severyn Nalyvaiko Severyn (Semerii) Nalyvaiko (, , in older historiography also ''Semen Nalewajko'', died 21 April 1597) was a leader of the Ukrainian Cossacks who became a hero of Ukrainian folklore. He led the failed Nalyvaiko Uprising against the Polish– ...
. When during the Ukrainian war of liberation from Poland in July 1648, peasant-Cossack regiments of
Maxym Kryvonis Maksym Kryvonis ( Ukrainian: ''Максим Кривоніс'', Polish: ''Maksym Krzywonos''; literally means "crooked-nose") was one of the Cossack leaders and a commander of the Ukrainian peasants against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. ...
had conquered
Polonne Polonne (, ) is a city on the Khomora River in Shepetivka Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. Polonne hosts the administration of Polonne urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The current estimated population is ...
, the inhabitants of Shepetivka joined the troops. At the end of the 17th century, Shepetivka became property of
Lubomirski family The House of Lubomirski is a Polish princely family. The Lubomirski family's coat of arms is the Drużyna coat of arms, which is similar to the Szreniawa coat of arms but without a cross. Origin and the coat of arms The Lubomirski f ...
, and in 1703, of the
Sanguszko family The House of Sanguszko is a Polish and Lithuanian noble and aristocratic family of Lithuanian and Ruthenian origin, connected to the Gediminid dynasty. Like other princely houses of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, its origins are considered m ...
. And at the end of the 18th century, it became part of Iziaslav county,
Volhynian Governorate Volhynia Governorate, also known as Volyn Governorate, was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Southwestern Krai of the Russian Empire. It consisted of an area of and a population of 2,989,482 inhabitants. The governorate ...
. In 1866, Shepetivka became the capital of the county. The first written mention of Shepetivka was in 1594. In 1795, it became part of Iziaslav County,
Volhynian Governorate Volhynia Governorate, also known as Volyn Governorate, was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Southwestern Krai of the Russian Empire. It consisted of an area of and a population of 2,989,482 inhabitants. The governorate ...
. The first railway station was built in 1873. In 1923, it got the status of a town, becoming the capital of Shepetovka district. In 1932 it became the capital of Shepetivka Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast. In 1937 Shepetivka Raion became part of Kamianets-Podilskyi (since 1954
Khmelnytskyi Khmelnytskyi (, ) is a city in western Ukraine. Located on the Southern Bug, it serves as the administrative centre of Khmelnytskyi Oblast as well as Khmelnytskyi Raion within the oblast. With a population of Khmelnytskyi is the second-larges ...
) Oblast. In 1991, Ukraine became an independent state, and Shepetovka became part of the state (and the town name took on the Ukrainian variant of "Shepetivka"). Shepetovka was a town with extensive settlement by Jews, similar to the surrounding region. There were 20,000 Jews counted in a census in the late 1670s, and 52,000 in the 1760s. Several important rabbis were active in the region in the 1700s, including Rabbi Pinchas Shapira, who is buried in Shepetovka. Significant emigration from Shepetovka occurred between 1880 and 1925. During World War II, the Jewish population of Shepetovka was decimated. Hundreds of people were executed over the summer of 1941, and thousands more in the summer of 1942. Some Jews were evacuated to
Uzbekistan , image_flag = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg , image_coat = Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg , symbol_type = Emblem of Uzbekistan, Emblem , national_anthem = "State Anthem of Uzbekistan, State Anthem of the Republ ...
and survived the war. Until 18 July 2020, Shepetivka was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Shepetivka Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three, the city of Shepetivka was merged into Shepetivka Raion.


Geography


Climate


Local media

There are several media types represented in Shepetivka: * newspapers ** ''Shepetivskyi Visnyk'' is a city district publication (founders - Shepetivka city and district councils, RSA, the editorial staff of the newspaper); circulation is up to 7800 copies per week; comes out twice a week ** ''Den za dnem'' is a regional information-analytical weekly; weekly circulation — 7600 copies * TV ** TV and Radio Company LLC ''Like TV'' (former ''Chance'') * radio ** editorial office of the city district radio broadcasting


Notable people

*
Oleksii Mes Oleksii Mes (20 October 1993 – 26 August 2024) was a Ukrainian fighter pilot with the call sign "Moonfish" of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. He died when his F-16 crashed while repelling a Russian missile attack, according to ...
,
Ukrainian Air Force The Ukrainian Air Force (, PS ZSU) is the air force of Ukraine and one of the eight Military branch, branches of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (ZSU). Its current form was created in 2004 by merging the Ukrainian Air Defence Forces into the Air Fo ...
pilot, who died while intercepting Russian cruise missiles, was born in Shepetivka *
Valentina Matviyenko Valentina Ivanovna Matviyenko, . (;, . born 7 April 1949) is a Russian politician and former diplomat serving as a Senator from Saint Petersburg and the Chairwoman of the Federation Council since 2011. Previously she was Governor of Saint Peter ...
,
Chairwoman The chair, also chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the gro ...
of the
Federation Council of Russia The Federation Council, unofficially Senate, is the upper house of the Federal Assembly (Russia), Federal Assembly of Russia, with the lower house being the State Duma. It was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993 ...
, former governor of
Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...
, was born in Shepetivka *
Ignacy Jan Paderewski Ignacy Jan Paderewski (;  
r 1859 R, or r, is the eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''ar'' (pronounced ), plural ''ars''. The lette ...
– 29 June 1941) was a Polish pianist, composer and statesman who was a spokesman for Polish independence. In 1919, he was the nation's Prime Minister of Poland, prime minister and foreign minister durin ...
, pianist, composer, and Polish prime minister, lived near Shepetivka as a child *
Nikolai Ostrovsky Nikolai Alekseyevich Ostrovsky (; ; 29 September 1904 – 22 December 1936) was a Soviet socialist realist writer. He is best known for his novel '' How the Steel Was Tempered''. Life Ostrovsky was born in the village of ''Viliya'' (today a v ...
, Soviet writer, the author ''
How the Steel Was Tempered ''How the Steel Was Tempered'' () or ''The Making of a Hero'', is a socialist realist novel written by Nikolai Ostrovsky (1904–1936). With 36.4 million copies sold, it is one of the best-selling books of all time and the best-selling book ...
'', lived here during his childhood and adolescent years * Rabbis Pinchas of Korets lived about 30 miles from Shepetivka, but died and is buried in Shepetivka. * Rabbi
Simcha Sheps Simcha Avraham Sheps (April 18, 1908 – November 5, 1998) was an American Orthodox rabbi. He served as rosh yeshiva (dean) of Yeshiva Torah Vodaas. Early life Simcha Sheps was born to Simon Sheps in Wysokie Mazowieckie, Russian Empire (cu ...
, Rosh Yeshiva of
Yeshiva Torah Vodaas Yeshiva Torah Vodaas (or Yeshiva and Mesivta Torah Vodaath or Yeshiva Torah Vodaath or Torah Vodaath Rabbinical Seminary) is a ''yeshiva'' in the Flatbush neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. History The yeshiva was conceived in 1917 and formal ...
grew up in Shepetivka (according to the Torah Vodaas Haggadah) * Serhiy Klimovych,
Hero of Soviet Union The title Hero of the Soviet Union () was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society. The title was awarded both t ...
, was born and died in Shepetivka * Valentin Kotyk, the youngest-ever
Hero of Soviet Union The title Hero of the Soviet Union () was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society. The title was awarded both t ...
. * Aizik Vaiman, notable orientalist.Історія та культура євреїв Шепетівщини
shepetivka.com.ua


Gallery

File:Фасад --.JPG, Church of Nativity File:Шепетівський краєзнавчий музей 2010.jpg, Museum File:P1590166 Банк.jpg, Palace of Justice File:P1590144 Синагога.jpg, Great Synagogue File:Залізничний вокзал в Шепетівці P1590225.jpg, Railway Station File:Вулиця Карла Маркса в Шепетівці.jpg, Heroiv Nebesnoi Sotni Street File:Будівля Церкви московського православ'я.JPG, Saint Michael's Church File:Будинок міськой адміністрації.jpg, City Hall File:Вхід у музей М. О. Островського.jpg, Museum of Propaganda


References


External links


The murder of the Jews of Shepetivka
during
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, at
Yad Vashem Yad Vashem (; ) is Israel's official memorial institution to the victims of Holocaust, the Holocaust known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (). It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; echoing the stories of the ...
website.
Shepetivsky Visnyk websiteDenʹ za dnem official websiteLike TV website
{{Authority control Cities in Khmelnytskyi Oblast Zaslavsky Uyezd Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine Cities of regional significance in Ukraine Populated places established in 1594 Holocaust locations in Ukraine