Shemirān ( fa, شمیران, , also

Romanize Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and ...

d as Shemīrān or Šemirân), also known as Shemirānāt ( fa, شمیرانات ) is the capital of

Shemiranat County Shemiranat County ( fa, شهرستان شمیرانات) is located in Tehran province, Iran. The capital of the county is Shemiran, which is part of the city of Tehran. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 37,778, in 11,178 househol ...

, Tehran Province,

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkm ...

, but is actually located just north of the borders of Tehran County along Chamran Expressway and Sadr Expressway and it is the northernmost district of the city of Tehran. Shemiran lies in the slopes of

Alborz The Alborz ( fa, البرز) range, also spelled as Alburz, Elburz or Elborz, is a mountain range in northern Iran that stretches from the border of Azerbaijan along the western and entire southern coast of the Caspian Sea and finally runs ...

Mountain and enjoys a suitable mild climate. It has fine and well-kept parks and is home to the richest class of

ian society. Most of the foreign embassies and the Tehran International Fair are situated in Shemiran. It is also where Imam Zadeh Saleh is, and where the former home of Ruhollah Khomeini was located. Among the neighborhoods of Shemiran are: Darakeh, Darband, Jamaran, and Niavaran on the far north, as well as Zafaraniyeh, Elahiyeh, Velenjak, Gheytarieh, Farmanieh and Kamranieh.

Name

The word ''Shemiran'' or ''Shemran'' derives from the

Assyrian language Assyrian language may refer to: * Ancient Assyrian language, a dialect of the ancient East Semitic Akkadian language * In modern Assyrian terminology, related to Neo-Aramaic languages: ** Suret language, a modern West Semitic language, that belongs ...

word ''Chamran'', which derives in turn from the name of the mythological Queen '' Shamiram'' who conquered the region . phoneme, i.e. was replaced by ) consisted of two parts: "cham" (meaning "cold" in

Avestan Avestan (), or historically Zend, is an umbrella term for two Old Iranian languages: Old Avestan (spoken in the 2nd millennium BCE) and Younger Avestan (spoken in the 1st millennium BCE). They are known only from their conjoined use as the scri ...

; "zama" or "zem") + "ran" (meaning "slope"). In fact "shemran" means "the cold place" or "the cold slope". It is common in the

Iranian languages The Iranian languages or Iranic languages are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, predominantly in the Iranian Plateau. The Iranian languages are grou ...

that the letter "z" ( fa, "ز" ) changes to letter "ch" ( fa, "چ" ), For example in Persian the word "ruz" or "rooz" (day), from

Middle Persian Middle Persian or Pahlavi, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg () in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle Per ...

"roch", is still "roch" in

Balochi language Balochi or Baluchi () is an Iranian language spoken primarily in the Balochistan region of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. In addition, there are speakers in Oman, the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Turkmenistan, East Africa and in diaspor ...

and "roj" in Kurdish. Another example is the word "zemestan" (winter) consisted of two parts: "zem" (cold) + "estan" or "istan" (being, or existence), which sometimes can be seen in

Persian Literature Persian literature ( fa, ادبیات فارسی, Adabiyâte fârsi, ) comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and is one of the world's oldest literatures. It spans over two-and-a-half millennia. Its sources h ...

and common usage as "chamestan" or "chemestan".

Shemiran's native language

The language spoken from the center of Oshan to Jeiroud and

Tajrish Tajrish ( fa, تجريش, , also romanized as Tajrīš) is a neighbourhood of Tehran, capital of Iran. Administratively it is in Shemiranat County, Tehran Province. It used to be a village and later was absorbed into the city of Tehran. The Tajri ...

in the south is a kind of Perso-Tabari and has the features of Caspian languages. In far years the natives of Tehran who lived in area of Vanak and Shemiran had knowledge of Mazandarani language because of being bordered by the Mazandaran Province. Russian orientalist and linguist

Valentin Zhukovski Photography Valentin Alekseevich Zhukovski (May 6, 1858 – January 17, 1918) (Russian: Жуковский, Валентин Алексеевич) was a famous Russian orientalist, who wrote many books and articles on the subject. His research of ...

on a trip to Iran in the late 19th century got to know the Tajrishi dialect , a dialect that is similar to Mazandarani language and mentions it in his works. Until today there are people in areas of

Doulab Arabic music or Arab music ( ar, الموسيقى العربية, al-mūsīqā al-ʿArabīyyah) is the music of the Arab world with all its diverse music styles and genres. Arabic countries have many rich and varied styles of music and also man ...

, Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine and others who speak with the Shemirani accent which is a modified version of Mazandarani language.

Climate

The annual temperature of Shemiran in Saadabad meteorological station according to the statistics of 20 years (1975-1995) is 12.9 degrees Celsius. The average rainfall of Shemiran from 1988 to 2007 was 435.8 mm. The highest recorded temperature from 1988 to 2007 was +39.8 degrees Celsius. The number of days with snowfall in Shemiran is 24 days per year.

Neighborhoods

* Darabad * Ajoudanieh *

Aghdasieh Aghdasieh ( fa, اقدسیه, also spelled Aghdassieh) is a neighborhood in the north of Tehran, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by ...

* Farmanieh * Kamranieh * Niavaran * Jamaran *

* Darband * Zafaraniyeh *

Mahmoodieh Mahmoudyeh, Mahmoodieh or Mahmoodiyeh is an affluent residential area in Tehran, located south of Zaferaniyeh, bordering Valiasr Avenue on the east side, Velenjak on the west, and Chamran expressway to the south. The area is in close proximity to ...

* MiniCity * Elahieh * Gheytarieh * Velenjak * Darakeh * Evin *

Gholhak Gholhak is a neighborhood located in District 3 of Tehran Municipality. It is bounded on the east by the Darrous neighborhood (Fakourian Street), on the west by the Gholhak River, on the north by the British Embassy Garden, and on the south by th ...

Ekhtiarieh Ekhtiyariyeh ( fa, اختیاریه; also Romanized as ''Ekhtiyāriyeh'' or ''Extiyāriye(h)'') is a neighborhood in the district of Shemiran in northern Tehran, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called ...

* Ozgol * Saadat Abad

Education

The Pietro Della Valle Italian School, an Italian international school, is in the Farmanieh district.Contacts

. Pietro Della Valle Italian School. Retrieved on October 18, 2015. "“Pietro della Valle” Italian School of Tehran Farmanieh, Lavassani Ave. n. 47 – 19546 Tehran (Iran) "

References