Sheihantaur
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Sheihantaur () is a historic
mausoleum A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type o ...
complex in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. It is the burial site of
Sheikh Sheikh ( , , , , ''shuyūkh'' ) is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "elder (administrative title), elder". It commonly designates a tribal chief or a Muslim ulama, scholar. Though this title generally refers to me ...
Hovendi at-Tahur, a local Sufi figure of historical significance.


Hovendi at-Tahur

Sheikh Hovendi at-Tahur (Sheihantaur) was born in the late 13th century. He was a
sayyid ''Sayyid'' is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn. The title may also refer ...
, meaning he claimed descent from the Quraish, a tribe associated with the Prophet
Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...
. Sheikhantaur (or, to use his real name, Sheikh Hovendi Tahur) was a local Sufi saint born in the late 13th century believed to be a descendant of the Rashidun Caliph Umar. As a child, he was initiated into the Yasaviyya order of Si Khodja Ahmed Yassaui, and he was known in Tashkent as a spiritual guide. He died in Tashkent around 1360; his tomb is contemporary, though heavily restored. His father, Sheikh Umar, was believed to be a direct descendant of the seventeenth generation of
Umar ibn al-Khattab Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muh ...
, therefore male members of this family also bore the title of ''Khoja & Arif'' (''Khwaja''). Sheikh Khoja Umar was a
sufi Sufism ( or ) is a mysticism, mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic Tazkiyah, purification, spirituality, ritualism, and Asceticism#Islam, asceticism. Practitioners of Sufism are r ...
and one of the followers of
Dervish Dervish, Darvesh, or Darwīsh (from ) in Islam can refer broadly to members of a Sufi fraternity (''tariqah''), or more narrowly to a religious mendicant, who chose or accepted material poverty. The latter usage is found particularly in Persi ...
Hasan Bulgari. He arrived in Tashkent with a mission to disseminate
Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...
. He later moved to the mountain settlement of Bog-i Ston, where he spent the rest of his life. Thus, the birthplace of Sheikh Khoja Hovendi at-Tahur was Bog-i Ston near Charvak Lake in the Tashkent Province of Uzbekistan. As a young man, Sheihantaur joined the Yasaviyya order of Dervishes in the town of Yasi (now
Turkestan Turkestan,; ; ; ; also spelled Turkistan, is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and East Turkestan (Xinjiang). The region is located in the northwest of modern day China and to the northwest of its ...
in modern-day
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
).


The mausoleum of Sheihantaur

The ''
mazar Mazar of Al-Mazar may refer to: *Mazar (mausoleum), Muslim mausoleum or shrine Places * Mazar (toponymy), a component of Arabic toponyms literally meaning shrine, grave, tomb, etc. ; Afghanistan * Mazar, Afghanistan, village in Balkh Province * ...
'' (mausoleum) of Sheihantaur was erected in the
14th century The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCCI) to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Euro ...
, but its outward appearance has undergone repeated changes over the years. The mausoleum is the small, brick-built structure with dark blue majolica tiles and a tall dome. Metal sheeting protects the Sheikhantaur's brick dome, restored in the 19th century, from weather and pollution, while an ancient tree trunk seems to sprout from the interior.


Sheihantaur burial complex

The
mausoleum A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type o ...
is surrounded by a burial complex to which the saint has given his name. Several prominent figures from Tashkent's history are buried here. Such individuals include Yunus Khoja, was the ruler of Tashkent when it was a semi-independent city-state in the 18th century. Alimqul Parvarchi was the Kokandian
General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colone ...
who defended Tashkent against the Russians in 1864-5 but was eventually killed in a skirmish before
Chimkent Shymkent (, ; ) is a city in southern Kazakhstan, located near the border with Uzbekistan. It holds the status of a city of republican significance, one of only three cities in Kazakhstan with this distinction, alongside Almaty and Astana. As of ...
, shortly before the two-day siege of Tashkent by General Mikhail Grigorevich Cherniaev in 1865, which led to the capture of the city. Of the sixteen monuments of the Shaihantaur burial complex, only three remain intact. In addition to the mausoleum of Shaihantaur, the mausoleum of Qaldirghochbiy and that of
Yunus Khan Yunus Khan (b. 1416 – d. 1487) ( Chagatai and Persian: یونس خان), was Khan of Moghulistan from 1462 until his death in 1487. He is identified by many historians with Ḥājjī `Ali (, Pinyin: ''Hazhi Ali''; Chagatai and Persian ...
of
Moghulistan Moghulistan, also called the Moghul Khanate or the Eastern Chagatai Khanate, was a Muslims, Muslim, Mongol, and later Turkic peoples, Turkic breakaway khanate of the Chagatai Khanate and a historical geographic area north of the Tian Shan, Teng ...
can also be found there.


See also

* Gates of Tashkent * Tourism in Uzbekistan * Sheikh Hovendi at-Tahur Complex


References


External links


Tashkent history and photos.


http://www.pagetour.narod.ru/tashkent/bmap_2.html , location.] {{coord, 41.3228, N, 69.2589, E, source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:UZ, display=title Mausoleums in Uzbekistan Buildings and structures in Tashkent Tourist attractions in Tashkent