Shashkevychivka,
[Петро Самоверський]
Письмо, правопис і його історія: 4. Шашкевичівка
// Ілюстрований календар "Просвіти" на звичайний рік. Аргентина: Накл. Українського т-ва "Просвіта" в Аргентині, 1953. С. 57[Юрій Тис. Біла Гора // Калєндар Канадійського фармера / Canadian Farmer Almanac. 1961. 80-83 стор.: С. 82] Spelling of the Mermaid of the Dniester, and also Spelling of the Ruthenian Triad is the first phonetic spelling system for the
Ukrainian language
Ukrainian ( uk, украї́нська мо́ва, translit=ukrainska mova, label=native name, ) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family. It is the native language of about 40 million people and the official state lang ...
based on the adapted
Cyrillic script
The Cyrillic script ( ), Slavonic script or the Slavic script, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking cou ...
, used by the
Ruthenian Triad
Ruthenian or Ruthene may refer to:
Places
* Ruthenia, a name applied to various East Slavic inhabited lands
** White Ruthenia, an East Slavic historical region
** Black Ruthenia, an East Slavic historical region
** Red Ruthenia, an East Slavic ...
in the almanac "
Mermaid of the Dniester" (1837).
Markiian Shashkevych
Markiyan Shashkevych (November 6, 1811 in Pidlyssia, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria – June 7, 1843 in Novosilky, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria) was a priest of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, a poet, a translator, and the leader of t ...
used to be considered the author of the spelling system used in "Mermaid of the Dniester", which is why it is called ''Orthography of Shashkevych''
[Юрій Тис. Біла Гора // Калєндар Канадійського фармера / Canadian Farmer Almanac. 1961. 80-83 стор.: С. 82] or ''Shashkevychivka''.
[Петро Самоверський]
Письмо, правопис і його історія: 4. Шашкевичівка
// Ілюстрований календар "Просвіти" на звичайний рік. Аргентина: Накл. Українського т-ва "Просвіта" в Аргентині, 1953. С. 57 The use of the phonetic principle of spelling was motivated in the foreword by Markiian Shashkevych by the fact that ''«we need to know what the true face is in the present language; because of this we follow the rule: „write as you hear, and read as you see“»''.
Orthography features
* The letter
ъ is not used at the end of words and as a punctuation mark (if necessary, it is replaced by a
hyphen
The hyphen is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. ''Son-in-law'' is an example of a hyphenated word. The hyphen is sometimes confused with dashes ( figur ...
);
* the sound /
ɪ/ (from the etymological и,
ы) is transmitted by the letter
и, and was used at the beginning of words according to the Ukrainian pronunciation of the words инший, и, Ирід, etc.
* /
ɔ/ after soft consonants is transmitted as ьо, /
jɔ/ as йо;
* the use of the letter
ѣ is preserved, which was read according to the Ukrainian
Church Slavonic tradition
as /і/ (after vowels — /jі/ modern
ї);
* the letter
ѳ is preserved in some
words of Greek origin;
* in many cases the sound /
i/ from the ancient
е is also transmitted as ѣ: ''нѣс-несу''.
* /jі/ after vowels, etymologically unrelated to the historical ѣ, can be transmitted in two ways: as и or as ѣ (''з Украини'', ''з Украѣни'');
* the sound /i/ from the ancient
о (rarely from the ancient
е) is transmitted by the letter
і: ''ніс-носу''.
* restored the letter
є with its traditional spelling, which denoted traditionally /
ɛ/; here it is used for the sounds /jɛ/ as in modern Ukrainian;
* introduced the letter
ў for the labial–velar approximant /
w/ place of the etymological /
l/, as in the words ''ходил-ходиў'', in modern spelling we write ''ходив''.
* the letter
џ was introduced for the sound /
ʤ/ according to the Serbian model.
Use and prevalence
Shashkevych's orthography was not instilled in Galicia, but became one of the foundations for the later systems of Ukrainian (Ruthenian) phonetic writing for the most part and, ultimately, of the modern Ukrainian alphabet and orthography.
[Іван Огієнко]
Історія українського правопису
Examples of text
Sources and notes
{{Ukrainian orthography
History of Ukraine (1795–1918)
Cyrillic script
Ukrainian orthography
Ukrainian language
Historical linguistics