Shahpuri is a Punjabi dialect spoken in the Sargodha Division of

Punjab Province Punjab Province may refer to: * Punjab Province (British India), a former province of British India from 1849 to 1947 In Pakistan * Punjab, Pakistan, a province in Pakistan from 1970 onward * West Punjab, a province of Pakistan from 1947 to 195 ...

in Pakistan. Grierson considered it to be representative of

Lahnda Lahnda () () also known as Lahndi or Western Punjabi, is a group of north-western Indo-Aryan language varieties spoken in parts of Pakistan and India. Its validity as a genetic grouping is not certain. Terms like ''Lahnda'' or ''Western Punja ...

(Western Punjabi), but later opinions have tended to see it as a dialect of

Punjabi Punjabi, or Panjabi, most often refers to: * Something of, from, or related to Punjab, a region in India and Pakistan * Punjabi language * Punjabi people * Punjabi dialects and languages Punjabi may also refer to: * Punjabi (horse), a British Th ...

that is transitional to Saraiki. Its name is derived from former Shahpur District (now Shahpur Tehsil, part of Sargodha District).

Geographic distribution and classification

It is mostly spoken in Sargodha District and Khushab District. It is also spoken in the neighbouring districts of Mianwali, Jhang, Chiniot, Mandi Bahauddin, and Bhakkar. It is mainly spoken on western end of Sindh River to Chenab River, traversing the Jhelum River. This entire area has almost the same traditions, customs and culture. The Shahpuri dialect of Punjabi has several aspects that set it apart from other Punjabi and Lahnda variants as it is an intermediary variety between

and

Jatki language is a common name for the Jhangvi dialect, Shahpuri dialect and Dhani dialect. The glotlog codes for these are: * shah1266 * jatk1238 * jang1253 Languages_and_Dialects_of_Lahnda

Grammar

In its phonology Shahpuri has the same tonal pattern as

Standard Punjabi Punjabi (; ; , ), sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language of the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It has approximately 113 million native speakers. Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 80.5 m ...

. In common with Thali and

Hindko Hindko (, romanized: , ) is a cover term for a diverse group of Lahnda dialects spoken by several million people of various ethnic backgrounds in several areas in northwestern Pakistan, primarily in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Pun ...

, there is a class of two-syllable nouns that mark

case Case or CASE may refer to: Containers * Case (goods), a package of related merchandise * Cartridge case or casing, a firearm cartridge component * Bookcase, a piece of furniture used to store books * Briefcase or attaché case, a narrow box to c ...

distinctions by

vowel alternation In linguistics, apophony (also known as ablaut, (vowel) gradation, (vowel) mutation, alternation, internal modification, stem modification, stem alternation, replacive morphology, stem mutation, internal inflection etc.) is any alternation wit ...

. The case suffixes of the older language have dropped, leaving the assimilated root vowels as the only indicator of the case: /jʌŋɡʊl/ ~ /jʌŋɡəl/ /jʌŋɡɪl/. Grierson explains this by substratal Dardic influence, whereas

Shackle A shackle (or shacklebolt), also known as a gyve, is a U-shaped piece of metal secured with a clevis pin or bolt across the opening, or a hinged metal loop secured with a quick-release locking pin mechanism. The term also applies to handcuffs ...

finds it more plausible that it is the result of Shahpuri's central position between areas favouring one or another vowel in these contexts.

References

Bibliography

* *

Geographic distribution and classification

Grammar

References

Bibliography

Further reading