History
The "Shadow Wolves" law enforcement unit was created in 1972 by an Act of Congress, after the U.S. federal government agreed to the Tohono O'odham Nation's demand that the officers have at least one fourth Native American ancestry. The Shadow Wolves became the first federal law enforcement agents allowed to operate on Tohono land. The unit is congressionally authorized to have as many as 21 members but, as of March, 2007, it consisted of only 15 members."In Arizona Desert, Indian Trackers vs. Smugglers,"Overview
The Shadow Wolves comprise an Immigration and Customs Enforcement tactical patrol unit based on the Native American Tohono O'odham Nation in southern Arizona. Shadow Wolf officers are known for their ability to track aliens and drug smugglers as they attempt to smuggle their illegal commodities across the border. The unit boasts an esteemed history of tracking passed down from generation to generation. The name "Shadow Wolves" refers to the way the unit hunts like a wolf pack. The Shadow Wolves were founded in 1972 as an initiative undertaken by the U.S. Congress to track drug smugglers on Native American lands in the American Southwest. Despite possession of high-tech equipment, the unit relies mainly on traditional methods of tracking, primarily a technique called "cutting for sign". "Cutting" is searching for and analyzing "sign", which includes any kind of physical evidence (footprints, tire tracks, thread, clothing, etc.). Officers may spend hours or days tracking in the field following a "sign" until arrests and seizures are made, or it has been determined that the contraband has been loaded into a vehicle and transported from the area.Key facts
* The Shadow Wolves' methodical approach has enabled them to track and apprehend smugglers in parts of the Southwestern U.S. across arduous desert terrain and rugged mountainous areas where tracks left by smugglers may be no more than an overturned pebble or an almost indistinguishable impression in the sand. * An experienced Shadow Wolf can spot small items snagged on branches, twigs bent or broken, or even a single fiber of cloth or burlap from a sack or bag that could be filled with drugs. They can read faint footprints in the dust and determine when they were made, where they came from and whether or not traffickers are carrying additional weight such as backpacks filled with drugs. * The Shadow Wolves are the Department of Homeland Security's only Native American tracking unit. * The Tohono O'odham Nation, patrolled by the Shadow Wolves, covers and is mainly made up of small, scattered villages. * The current unit consists of 15 Native American Patrol Officers representing nine Native American tribes (Tohono O'odham, Navajo, Kiowa, Sioux, Blackfeet, Yurok, Omaha, Yaqui, and Pima) who employ traditional tracking skills combined with modern law enforcement technology to enforce immigration and customs laws on the stretch of land the Tohono O'odham Nation shares with Mexico. * The unit was transferred back to ICE from CBP's Border Patrol in October 2006 and is being utilized to enhance ICE investigations and operations on the Tohono O'odham Nation. * Since transferring back to ICE in October 2006, the fifteen-member unit is responsible for the seizure of over 31,000 pounds of marijuana, over forty-three criminal arrests of smugglers, and the seizure of 16 vehicles. * Officers estimate in recent years they have seized an average of 60,000 pounds of illegal drugs a year. * In 2007, the Shadow Wolves intercepted less than 20% of illicit Mexican cargo passing through their territory, which spans both sides of the US Mexico Border.Global training missions
In addition to tracking smugglers on the U.S. border, the Shadow Wolves have also been asked to trainIn popular culture
* A film about the Shadow Wolves began production in southern Arizona in October 2009. ''Call of the Shadow Wolves'' centers on a story of the Shadow Wolves' work in protecting the U.S. borders from criminals and terrorists. Director Brian Kosisky said in a news release, "Most people know very little about the Shadow Wolves. This is a tremendous opportunity for a storyteller to create a present-day Western where Native Americans are the heroes." * A documentary film about the Shadow Wolves, ''Shadow Wolves: Tracking of a Documentary'', was directed by Jack Kohler and produced by Joseph Arthur. The documentary profiles an intertribal group of Native Americans. * The Shadow Wolves were featured in theReferences
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