Settlement movement ( he, תנועת התיישבות) is a term used in
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
to describe national umbrella
organisation
An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is an entity—such as a company, an institution, or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose.
The word is derived fr ...
s for
kibbutz
A kibbutz ( he, קִבּוּץ / , lit. "gathering, clustering"; plural: kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania. Today, farming h ...
im,
moshav
A moshav ( he, מוֹשָׁב, plural ', lit. ''settlement, village'') is a type of Israeli town or settlement, in particular a type of cooperative agricultural community of individual farms pioneered by the Labour Zionists between 1904 ...
im,
moshavim shitufiim, and
community settlements
A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such as place, norms, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town ...
. It is not related to the term
Israeli settlement, which denotes settlements outside the
Green Line
Green Line may refer to:
Places Military and political
* Green Line (France), the German occupation line in France during World War II
* Green Line (Israel), the 1949 armistice line established between Israel and its neighbours
** City Line ( ...
.
Most kibbutzim are members of either the
Kibbutz Movement
The Kibbutz Movement ( he, התנועה הקיבוצית, ''HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit'') is the largest settlement movement for kibbutzim in Israel. It was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi and is made ...
or the
Religious Kibbutz Movement, whilst most moshavim and community settlements are divided between the
Moshavim Movement,
Mishkei Herut Beitar
Mishkei Herut Beitar ( he, משקי חרות בית"ר) is a revisionist Zionist settlement movement in Israel, affiliated with Beitar and Likud. It is based in the Metzudat Ze'ev offices on King George Street in Tel Aviv.
History
Early Mishke ...
, the
Agricultural Union
The Agricultural Union ( he, האיחוד החקלאי, ''HaIhud HaHakla'i'') is a settlement movement in Israel for agricultural villages, which includes several moshavim and community settlement. It also has a youth movement founded in 1978.
Me ...
and
HaOved HaTzioni. Many religious moshavim are affiliated with
Hapoel HaMizrachi
Hapoel HaMizrachi ( he, הַפּוֹעֵל הַמִּזְרָחִי, lit. '' Mizrachi Workers'') was a political party and settlement movement in Israel. It was one of the predecessors of the National Religious Party and the Jewish Home.
Histo ...
or
Poalei Agudat Yisrael
Poalei Agudat Yisrael ( he, פועלי אגודת ישראל, , Agudat Yisrael Workers) was a trade union and Jewish political party in Poland and a minor political party in Israel. It was also known as PAI or PAGI, its Hebrew acronym (Hebrew: o ...
movements. Moshavim established after 1967 in the
West Bank
The West Bank ( ar, الضفة الغربية, translit=aḍ-Ḍiffah al-Ġarbiyyah; he, הגדה המערבית, translit=HaGadah HaMaʽaravit, also referred to by some Israelis as ) is a landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediter ...
, outside the Green Line, are typically affiliated with
Amana Amana may refer to:
Places
* Amaná, a village in La Rioja Province, Argentina
* Amana River, in northeastern Venezuela
* Amanã River, in northwestern Brazil
* Mount Amana, mountain described in the Bible, or an adjacent river
* Amana Colonies, ...
.
In the past there were several other organisations; the Kibbutz Movement was formed by a merger of the
United Kibbutz Movement and
Kibbutz Artzi in 1999, the former also formed by a merger of
HaKibbutz HaMeuhad
The Kibbutz Movement ( he, התנועה הקיבוצית, ''HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit'') is the largest settlement movement for kibbutzim in Israel. It was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi and is made u ...
and
Ihud HaKvutzot veHaKibbutzim in 1981. Most of the former organisations had political affiliations; HaKibbutz HaMeuhad was aligned with
Ahdut HaAvoda
Ahdut HaAvoda ( he, אַחְדוּת הַעֲבוֹדָה, lit. ''Labour Unity'') was the name used by a series of political parties. Ahdut HaAvoda in its first incarnation was led by David Ben-Gurion. It was first established during the perio ...
and Ihud HaKvutzot veHaKibbutzim with
Mapai
Mapai ( he, מַפָּא"י, an acronym for , ''Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael'', lit. "Workers' Party of the Land of Israel") was a democratic socialist political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger i ...
and
Labour.
To the extent that kibbutzim, moshavim, and moshavim shitufiim are
agricultural cooperatives
An agricultural cooperative, also known as a farmers' co-op, is a cooperative in which farmers pool their resources in certain areas of activity.
A broad typology of agricultural cooperatives distinguishes between agricultural service cooperativ ...
based on individual membership, the national settlement movements in Israel are viewed as
secondary cooperatives or
cooperative federation A co-operative federation or secondary co-operative is a cooperative, co-operative in which all members are, in turn, co-operatives.
Historically, co-operative federations have predominantly come in the form of Co-operative wholesale society, co-ope ...
s, whose members are lower-level primary cooperatives.
{{Israeli settlement movements
*