Serawaia
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''Serawaia'' is a
monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ...
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s in the family
Fabaceae Fabaceae () or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomen ...
, first established in 2019. Its only species is ''Serawaia strobilifera'',
endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...
to
Borneo Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an area of , and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda ...
. The species was first described in 1994 as ''Callerya strobilifera''.


Description

''Serawaia strobilifera'' is a twining
vine A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners. The word ''vine'' can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.Jackson; Benjamin; Da ...
scrambling up trees and river banks to a height of . Its stems are white or very pale grey. Its leaves are evergreen and generally have 2–3 pairs of leaflets plus a terminal leaflet. The erect
inflorescence In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a mai ...
consists of a slightly branched
panicle In botany, a panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a p ...
long. Individual flowers are long and have the general shape of members of the subfamily
Faboideae The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family. This subfamily is widely ...
. Uniquely in the tribe Wisterieae, they are golden yellow in colour. The standard
petal Petals are modified leaves that form an inner whorl surrounding the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly coloured or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corol ...
is long by wide, lemon or golden yellow, with a yellow nectar guide. The wing petals are about the same length as the keel at long by 4–5 mm (0.2 in) wide. They are completely free from the keel and have short basal claws. The keel petals are long by 4–5 mm (0.2 in) wide. Nine of the
stamen The stamen (: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament ...
s are fused together, the other is free; all curve upwards at the apex. The flattened seed pods are long by wide, splitting to release their 2-3 seeds.


Taxonomy

''Serawaia strobilifera'' was first described by Anne M. Schot in 1994 as ''Callerya strobilifera''. A 2019
molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
study showed that it fell outside the
clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...
containing the
type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
of ''Callerya'', and the new genus ''Serawaia'' was established for this species. The generic name refers to the Serawai river in west
Kalimantan Kalimantan (; ) is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area, and consists of the provinces of Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan. The non-Ind ...
where the species was first discovered. In the 2019 study, the genus formed a clade with ''
Afgekia ''Afgekia'' is a small genus of large Perennial plant, perennial climbing shrubs native to Thailand in Asia, belonging to the family Fabaceae. They are reminiscent of the related genus ''Wisteria''. Description The two species of ''Afgekia'' are ...
'', ''
Callerya ''Callerya'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, tribe Wisterieae. It includes 12 species native to the eastern Himalayas, Indochina, southern China and Taiwan, and Peninsular Mala ...
'', '' Kanburia'' and '' Whitfordiodendron''. Its yellow flowers are one distinguishing feature.


References

{{taxonbar, from1=Q94002058, from2=Q94303382, from3=Q15499803 Wisterieae Monotypic Fabaceae genera Endemic flora of Borneo Plants described in 1994