Sekele is the northern language of the ǃKung dialect continuum. It was widespread in southern Angola before the Angolan Civil War, but those varieties are now spoken principally among a

diaspora A diaspora ( ) is a population that is scattered across regions which are separate from its geographic place of origin. Historically, the word was used first in reference to the dispersion of Greeks in the Hellenic world, and later Jews after ...

in northern Namibia. There are also a number of dialects spoken in far northern Namibia. Sekele is known by a number of names. "Sekele" itself derives from ''Vasekele'', the Angolan

Bantu Bantu may refer to: *Bantu languages, constitute the largest sub-branch of the Niger–Congo languages *Bantu peoples, over 400 peoples of Africa speaking a Bantu language *Bantu knots, a type of African hairstyle *Black Association for Nationali ...

name. It is also known as Northern ǃKung, Northern ǃXuun, and Northern Ju. Two of the Angolan varieties have gone by the outdated term ǃʼOǃKung (or ''ǃʼO ǃuŋ'' , "Forest ǃKung") and Maligo (short for "Sekele Maligo"). There are several Namibian dialects, of which the best-known is Ekoka.

Dialects

There is a division between the northernmost dialects, formerly known as Angolan ǃKung or Northern ǃKung, and the more southern dialects of northernmost Namibia, which are known as Western ǃKung or North-Central ǃKung, as well as between them and the eastern dialect of Kavango ǃKung. These northern dialects include: *Angolan (Northern) ǃKung, originally of Southern Angola, which is situated around the Cunene, Cubango, Cuito, and Cuando Rivers; ::(N1) Maligo (''ǃxuun, kúándò ǃxuun'' "Kwando ǃXuun", southeast Angola); ::(N2) ǃʼOǃKung (''ǃʼo ǃuŋ'' "Forest ǃXuun"; east central Angola); * Western (North-Central) ǃKung (ǃKung-Ekoka), of northern Namibia, between the Ovambo River and the Angolan border, around the tributaries of the Okavango River east of Rundu to the Etosha Pan; ::(W1) — (''ǃxūún, ǃʼālè ǃxòān'' "Valley ǃXuun"; Eenhana district, northern Namibia); ::(W2) ǀʼAkhwe (''ǃxūún, ǀʼākhòè ǃxòān'' "Kwanyama ǃXuun"; Eenhana, northern Namibia); ::(W3) Tsintsabis (''ǃxūún''; Tsintsabis, Tsumeb district, northern Namibia); *(K) Kavango ǃKung (''ǃxūún'', known as ''dom ǃxūún'' "River ǃXuun" in Ekoka; Western Rundu district, northern Namibia, & Angola adjacent) The Okongo, Ovambo, and Mpunguvlei dialects may duplicate (W1) and (K) or be additional forms. A dialect of Angolan Sekele currently being investigated by linguists has been labeled Mangetti Dune ǃKung, and is spoken by a resettled diaspora community of 500–1000 in Namibia and South Africa in the settlements of Mangetti Dune and Omtaku, east of Grootfontein, Namibia; and in Schmidtsdrif, west of Kimberley, South Africa.

Phonology

;Angolan ǃKung Mangetti Dune ǃKung has clicks with four places of articulation, . A reported distinction between dental lateral and postalveolar lateral clicks has not been confirmed by further research. These clicks come in the same eight series as in Grootfontein ǃKung, represented with the palatal articulation: :Lingual : glottalized : linguo-pulmonic :

linguo-glottalic Ejective-contour clicks, also called sequential linguo-glottalic consonants, are consonants that transition from a click to an ejective sound, or more precisely, have an audible delay between the front and rear release of the click. All click t ...

;Western (North-Central) ǃKung

Footnotes

References

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External links

Comparative ǃKung basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

ELAR archive of A Video and Text Documentation of Mangetti Dune ǃXung
{{Languages of Namibia Kx'a languages Languages of Angola Languages of Namibia