Sils im Engadin/Segl (german: Sils im Engadin; Romansh ), often also as ''Sils i.E./Segl'', is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality ...

and village in the

Maloja Region Maloja Region is one of the eleven administrative districts in the canton Canton may refer to: Administrative division terminology * Canton (administrative division), territorial/administrative division in some countries, notably Switzerl ...

, Upper Engadine in the

Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri *Swiss, North Carolina * Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses * Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports *Swiss Internati ...

canton Canton may refer to: Administrative division terminology * Canton (administrative division), territorial/administrative division in some countries, notably Switzerland * Township (Canada), known as ''canton'' in Canadian French Arts and ent ...

of the Grisons. It consists of two villages, Segl Maria (Romansh, german: Sils Maria; ''Seglias'' is part of Segl Maria) and Segl Baselgia (German: ''Sils Baselgia''; ''Baselgia'' is Romansh for church); the Val Fex (German: ''Fextal''); and three ''Maiensäss''e (Alpine pastures traditionally used for spring grazing): Grevasalvas, Blaunca and Buaira, above ''Plaun da Lej'' on the left side of the valley.

Name and coat of arms

The municipality's official label uses both the

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

and the Romansh versions of its name: ''Segl'' is the Romansh version while ''Sils im Engadin'' is the German.

Engadin The Engadin or Engadine ( rm, ;This is the name in the two Romansh idioms that are spoken in the Engadin, Vallader and Puter, as well as in Sursilvan and Rumantsch Grischun. In Surmiran, the name is ''Nagiadegna'', and in Sutsilvan, it i ...

is Romansh for "Valley of the Inn ( rm, En)", the river, which flows northeast from Maloja through Sils Baselgia and eventually into the Danube at

Passau, Germany Passau (; bar, label=Central Bavarian, Båssa) is a city in Lower Bavaria, Germany, also known as the Dreiflüssestadt ("City of Three Rivers") as the river Danube is joined by the Inn from the south and the Ilz from the north. Passau's popu ...

at the German-Austrian border. Sils i.E is distinguished from Sils im Domleschg in another Swiss watershed. Sils was originally divided into the three hamlets of Segl Baselgia, Segl Maria, and Seglias. The coat of arms is ''Per fess Azure a Sun radiated Or'' and ''Or a Trout Azure spotted Gules''. It shows a blue upper half with a golden sun and a yellow lower section with a blue trout. It is a combination of the historical village coats of arms, and represents the municipality's sunny, elevated location and the fish-filled Lake Sils.

History

Sils im Engadin/Segl is first mentioned around 800–850 as ''Silles''. In 1131 it was mentioned as ''Sillis''. Until 1943, Sils im Engadin/Segl was known as Sils im Engadin. Johann Heinrich Müller, 1825-1894 J03 Sils Maria.JPG, Segl Maria c. 1870. Etching by

Heinrich Müller Heinrich Müller may refer to: * Heinrich Müller (cyclist) (born 1926), Swiss cyclist * Heinrich Müller (footballer, born 1888) (1888–1957), Swiss football player and manager * Heinrich Müller (footballer, born 1909) (1909–2000), Austrian fo ...

ETH-BIB-Sils-Segl Maria v. N. aus 1900 m-Inlandflüge-LBS MH01-005350.tif, Aerial view of Segl Maria from 1900 m by Walter Mittelholzer (1927)

Geography

Located in the valley of Upper Engadine, Sils i.E./Segl nestles between Lake Sils and Lake Silvaplana at the foot of Piz Corvatsch and Piz da la Margna and below the Val Fex, a valley in the south. The municipality belongs to the Maloja District. Sils im Engadin/Segl has an area (as of the 2004/09 survey) of . About 25.9% is agricultural, while 11.1% is forested. Of the rest, 1.2% is developed (buildings or roads) and 61.7% is unproductive. In the 2004/09 survey, , or about 0.6% of the total area, was covered with buildings, an increase of from 1985. Over the same time period, the amount of recreational space increased by and is now about 0.16% of the total area. Of the agricultural land, are fields and grasslands, and are alpine grazing areas. Since 1985, the agricultural land has decreased by and the forested land increased by . Rivers and lakes cover .Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Regional portraits
accessed 27 October 2016 The plain is grass-covered, and the steep slopes are heavily forested.

Demographics

Sils im Engadin/Segl has a population () of . , 38.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. In 2015, 144 people or 18.9% of the population were born in Portugal, 42 or 5.5% of the population were born in Germany and 63 or 8.3% of the population were born in Italy. Over the last 4 years (2010–2014) the population has changed at a rate of 2.13%. The

birth rate The birth rate for a given period is the total number of live human births per 1,000 population divided by the length of the period in years. The number of live births is normally taken from a universal registration system for births; populati ...

in the municipality, in 2014, was 15.7, while the death rate was 1.3 per thousand residents. , children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 17.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 65.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.8%. In 2015 there were 299 single residents, 381 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 37 widows or widowers and 44 divorced residents. In 2014 there were 401 private households in Sils im Engadin/Segl with an average household size of 1.91 persons. Of the 253 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 34.8% were single family homes and 36.0% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 32.0% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 7.5% were built between 1991 and 2000.Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Thema 09 – Bau- und Wohnungswesen
accessed 5 May 2016 In 2013 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 26.46. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.2%. The historical population is given in the following chart: Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width: auto height:200 barincrement:45 PlotArea = top:20 left:40 bottom:20 right:35 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:200 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0 PlotData= color:yellowgreen width: 35 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1850 from:start till:219 text:"219" bar:1860 from:start till:215 text:"215" bar:1870 from:start till:235 text:"235" bar:1880 from:start till:210 text:"210" bar:1888 from:start till:194 text:"194" bar:1900 from:start till:178 text:"178" bar:1910 from:start till:249 text:"249" bar:1920 from:start till:295 text:"295" bar:1930 from:start till:359 text:"359" bar:1941 from:start till:270 text:"270" bar:1950 from:start till:262 text:"262" bar:1960 from:start till:298 text:"298" bar:1970 from:start till:403 text:"403" bar:1980 from:start till:434 text:"434" bar:1990 from:start till:498 text:"498" bar:2000 from:start till:751 text:"751" bar:2010 from:start till:754 text:"754" bar:2014 from:start till:768 text:"768"

Languages

Most of the population () speaks German (59.4%), with Italian being second most common (15.4%) and Romansh being third (12.0%). Into the 19th century, the entire population spoke the Upper-

Romansh dialect of Putèr. Due to increasing trade with the outside world, Romansh usage began to decline. In 1880 about 68% spoke Romansh as a first language, while in 1910 it was only 56% and in 1941 it increased to 61.5%. In the 1960s German became the majority language. However, in 2000 there were 33% of the population who at least understood Romansh.

Politics

In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the FDP with 28.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the BDP (24.0%), the SVP (18.5%) and the SP (16.9%). In the federal election, a total of 169 votes were cast, and the

voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...

was 40.6%. In the 2007,

federal election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated ...

the most popular party was the SVP which received 34.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (29.3%), the FDP (26.6%) and the CVP (7.2%).

Education

In Sils im Engadin/Segl, about 70.6% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory

upper secondary education Secondary education or post-primary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale. Level 2 or lower secondary education (less commonly junior secondary education) is considered the second and final ph ...

or additional higher education (either university or a ''

Fachhochschule A ''Fachhochschule'' (; plural ''Fachhochschulen''), abbreviated FH, is a university of applied sciences (UAS), in other words a German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied ar ...

'').

Economy

Sils im Engadin/Segl is classed as a tourist community. , there were a total of 955 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 24 people worked in 8 businesses in the primary economic sector. The

secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in constructio ...

employed 132 workers in 18 separate businesses, of which 5 were small businesses with a total of 94 employees. Finally, the

tertiary sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector ( raw materials) and the secon ...

provided 799 jobs in 85 businesses. There were 14 small businesses with a total of 338 employees and two mid sized businesses with a total of 201 employees. In 2014 a total of 26.5% of the population received social assistance. In the second quarter of 2016 an average of 251 workers commuted from outside Switzerland to work in the municipality, representing a large minority of the employees. In 2015 local hotels had a total of 196,257 overnight stays, of which 37.6% were international visitors.

Transportation

The Fex Valley is officially car-free except for residents of the valley. The Furtschellas

cable car Cable car most commonly refers to the following cable transportation systems: * Aerial lift, such as aerial tramways and gondola lifts, in which the vehicle is suspended in the air from a cable ** Aerial tramway ** Chairlift ** Gondola lift ** ...

begins near the village and leads to many ski runs and, in summer, to trails above the

tree line The tree line is the edge of the habitat at which trees are capable of growing. It is found at high elevations and high latitudes. Beyond the tree line, trees cannot tolerate the environmental conditions (usually cold temperatures, extreme snowp ...

Climate

Sils-Segl Maria features a cold subarctic climate (''Dfc'') on Köppen classification.

Notable residents and visitors

Philosopher

Friedrich Nietzsche Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (; or ; 15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, prose poet, cultural critic, philologist, and composer whose work has exerted a profound influence on contemporary philosophy. He began his c ...

summered in Sils in 1881 and between 1883 and 1888, and the house he lived in – the Nietzsche-Haus – is now a small museum.

Anne Frank Annelies Marie "Anne" Frank (, ; 12 June 1929 – )Research by The Anne Frank House in 2015 revealed that Frank may have died in February 1945 rather than in March, as Dutch authorities had long assumed"New research sheds new light on Anne Fra ...

was in Sils for several vacations, and

Hermann Hesse Hermann Karl Hesse (; 2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. His best-known works include ''Demian'', '' Steppenwolf'', '' Siddhartha'', and '' The Glass Bead Game'', each of which explores an individual' ...

also visited Sils.

Annemarie Schwarzenbach Annemarie Minna Renée Schwarzenbach (23 May 1908 – 15 November 1942) was a Switzerland, Swiss writer, journalist and photographer. Her bisexual mother brought her up in a masculine style, and her androgynous image suited the Bohemianism, bohe ...

lived in Sils since 1935 and died there in 1942 after a bicycle accident.

In popular culture

The area is the setting for much of the film '' Clouds of Sils Maria'' (2014), written and directed by

Olivier Assayas Olivier Assayas (born 25 January 1955) is a French film director, screenwriter and film critic. Assayas is known for his slow-burning period pieces, psychological thrillers, neo-noirs and French comedies. His work has become synonymous with t ...

, and starring Juliette Binoche,

Kristen Stewart Kristen Jaymes Stewart (born April 9, 1990) is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2012, she has received various accolades, including a British Academy Film Award and a César Award, in addition to nominations for an Ac ...

and Chloë Grace Moretz. Part of '' Coda'' (2019), starring Patrick Stewart, was also filmed there, in the countryside and at the Waldhaus Sils Hotel.

References

External links

Official website of the tourist officeOfficial website of the municipalityWebsite for the Corvatsch-Furtschellas lift system (in German)
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Sils Im Engadin Segl Populated places on the Inn (river) Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland