Secretary (title)

Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived from the Latin word , "to distinguish" or "to set apart", the passive participle () meaning "having been set apart", with the eventual connotation of something private or confidential, as with the English word ''secret.'' A was a person, therefore, overseeing business confidentially, usually for a powerful individual (a king, pope, etc.).

The official title of the leader of most communist and socialist political parties is the "General Secretary of the Central Committee" or "First Secretary of the Central Committee". When a communist party is in power, the general secretary is usually the country's '' de facto'' leader (though sometimes this leader also holds state-level positions to monopolize power, such as a presidency or premiership in order to constitute '' de jure'' leadership of the state), such as China, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos and Cuba.

In England, the term ''secretarius'' was used "from the beginning of the thirteenth century in the varying meanings of a confidential clerk, an ambassador, or a member of the king's council".J. Otway-Ruthven, ''The King's Secretary and the Signet Office in the XV Century'' (1939), p. 60. In the fourteenth century, the title became strongly associated with the keeper of the king's signet. From the Renaissance to the late 19th century, men involved in the daily correspondence and the activities of the powerful assumed the title of secretary. With time, like many titles, the term was applied to more and varied functions, leading to compound titles to specify the authority associated with its use, like general secretary or financial secretary.

In some countries, such as the United States, the term ''secretary'' is used to indicate the holder of a cabinet-level post. There are a number of popular variations of the title used to indicate that the secretary in question has a high degree of authority, such as general secretary (or, following usage in the Norman language, secretary-general), first secretary, and executive secretary. A female holding such an office is often addressed informally as "madam secretary".

In a club or society, the secretary is also considered to be, in most cases, the third person in charge of the organization, after the president/chairman and vice president/vice chairman.''Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised'', 4th edition, Scott, Foresman and Company, Chicago, 1915, pp. 244–247. In smaller organizations, the secretary typically takes meeting minutes, notifies members of meetings, contacts various persons in relation to the society, administers the day-to-day activities of the organization, and creates the order of business. The secretary of a non-governmental organization or international non-governmental organization can combine the function with that of vice president/vice chairman.

General secretary

General secretary occurs as the title of a ministerial position of authority found in various organizations, such as trade unions, communist and socialist parties, and international non-governmental organizations. Examples include:

* General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress
* General Secretary of the New South Wales Labor Party (Australia)
* Some church organizations, such as the National Council of Churches and the World Council of Churches
* General Secretary of the Labour Party

Communist Party

General secretary or first secretary is the official title of leaders of most Communist political parties. When a Communist party is the ruling party in a Communist-led one-party state, the general secretary is typically the country's de facto leader. Examples include:
* General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
* General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
* General Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
*General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
*General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
* General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea
* General Secretary of the Mongolian People's Party
*General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea
* General Secretary of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
* General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of East Germany
* General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
* General Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania
* General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party
* General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
* General Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party
* General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party

Dravidian Party

General secretary is the official title of leaders of most Dravidian political parties, that are politically influential in Tamil Nadu of Southern India. Examples include:

* General Secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
*General Secretary of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
*General Secretary of the Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
*General Secretary of the Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam

Secretary-general

Examples include:

International intergovernmental organizations

First secretary

First secretary is the title of the chief officer or leader in many organizations, and is also a modern diplomatic rank. Examples include:
* Some consumer organizations, such as the National Consumers League
* Some political parties, especially Communist or Socialist Parties

* In Workers' Party and Communist Party organizations:
** First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia
** First Secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan
** First Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party—see Party Committee Secretary
*** First Secretary of the Communist Youth League of China
** First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
** First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
** First Secretary of the French Socialist Party
** First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party
** First Secretary of the Communist Party of Lithuania
** First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party
** First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation
** First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
*** First Secretary of the Moscow Communist Party
** First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan
** First Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party
** First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam
* First Secretary of State, a cabinet position in the United Kingdom
* First Secretary for Wales, now First Minister of Wales
* First Secretary of the Admiralty—see Secretary to the Admiralty
* Some trade unions, especially in the United Kingdom
* The General Secretariat for Macedonia and Thrace, a government agency for the Greek regions of Macedonia and Thrace

Executive secretary

Examples include:
* Executive Secretary (Commonwealth of Independent States)
* Executive Secretary (Philippines)
* Executive Secretary for Integral Development, Organization of American States
* Executive Secretary of the United States Department of State

Secretary-treasurer

Within some organizations, the role of secretary is combined with that of treasurer, under the title of secretary-treasurer.

See also

* Undersecretary
* Secretary of state
*Secretary
* Legal secretary
* Cabinet secretary or Department secretary

References

{{Set index article

Chief executive officers
Clubs and societies
Government occupations
Management occupations
Positions of authority
Titles