The second pledge at al-ʿAqabah () was an important event in

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

where 75 residents of the city of

Medina Medina, officially al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (, ), also known as Taybah () and known in pre-Islamic times as Yathrib (), is the capital of Medina Province (Saudi Arabia), Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ...

pledged their loyalty to

Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...

as their leader in an oath of allegiance known as a '' bay'ah''. It preceded the

Hijrah The Hijrah, () also Hegira (from Medieval Latin), was the journey the prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers took from Mecca to Medina. The year in which the Hijrah took place is also identified as the e ...

, or migration of Muhammad and his supporters from

Mecca Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above ...

, where they were persecuted, to

, where Muhammad became ruler. The pledge occurred in 622 CE at a mountain pass (''al-ʿaqabah'') five kilometers from Mecca.

Event

Converts to Islam came from both non-Jewish

tribes of Arabia The tribes of Arabia () have inhabited the Arabian Peninsula for thousands of years and traditionally trace their ancestry to one of two forefathers: Adnan, whose descendants originate from Hejaz, West Arabia, Syrian Desert, North Arabia, East Ara ...

present in Medina, such that by June of the subsequent year seventy-five Muslims came to Mecca for pilgrimage and to meet Muhammad. Meeting him secretly by night, the group made what was known as the Second Pledge of al-ʿAqaba, where the pledge was made. The guarantee of protection led (orientalist)people who studied the language,culture,history or custom of countries in eastern asia and ulema to describe it as the "Pledge of War".Watt (1974) p. 83 Conditions of the pledge, many of which similar to the first, included obedience to Muhammad, enjoining good and forbidding wrong, as well as responding to the call to arms when required. Ibn Hisham, Sirah Rasul Allah, Vol. I p. 454

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{{Authority control Treaties of Muhammad

Event

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