The Second Gerbrandy cabinet, also called the Third London cabinet was the

Dutch government-in-exile The Dutch government-in-exile ( nl, Nederlandse regering in ballingschap), also known as the London Cabinet ( nl, Londens kabinet), was the government in exile of the Netherlands, supervised by Queen Wilhelmina, that fled to London after the Germ ...

from 27 July 1941 until 23 February 1945. The cabinet was formed by the

political parties A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or pol ...

Roman Catholic State Party The Roman Catholic State Party ( nl, Roomsch-Katholieke Staatspartij, RKSP) was a Catholic Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1926 as a continuation of the General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses. ...

(RKSP), Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP),

Anti-Revolutionary Party The Anti-Revolutionary Party ( nl, Anti-Revolutionaire Partij, ARP) was a Protestant conservative and Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1879 by Abraham Kuyper, a neo-Calvinist theologian and m ...

(ARP),

Christian Historical Union The Christian Historical Union ( nl, Christelijk-Historische Unie, CHU) was a Protestant Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The CHU is one of the predecessors of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), into which it merged in ...

(CHU),

Free-thinking Democratic League The Free-thinking Democratic League ( nl, Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond, VDB) was a progressive liberal political party in the Netherlands. Established in 1901, it played a relatively large role in Dutch politics, supplying one Prime Minister, Wi ...

(VDB) and the

Liberal State Party The Liberal State Party, "the Freedom League" ( nl, Liberale Staatspartij "de Vrijheidsbond", LSP), was a conservative liberal political party in the Netherlands from 1921 to 1948. It is historically linked to the People's Party for Freedom and D ...

(LSP) following the resignation of First Gerbrandy cabinet on 12 June 1941. The

national unity government A national unity government, government of national unity (GNU), or national union government is a broad coalition government consisting of all parties (or all major parties) in the legislature, usually formed during a time of war or other nati ...

''(

War cabinet A war cabinet is a committee formed by a government in a time of war to efficiently and effectively conduct that war. It is usually a subset of the full executive cabinet of ministers, although it is quite common for a war cabinet to have senior ...

)'' was the third of four war cabinets of the

government-in-exile A government in exile (abbreviated as GiE) is a political group that claims to be a country or semi-sovereign state's legitimate government, but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in a foreign country. Governments in exile u ...

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

Formation

On 12 June 1941 the First Gerbrandy cabinet fell after a conflict between

Queen Wilhelmina Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands The monarchy of the Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy. As such, the role and position of the monarch are governed by the ...

and

Minister of Defence A defence minister or minister of defence is a Cabinet (government), cabinet official position in charge of a ministry of defense, which regulates the armed forces in sovereign states. The role of a defence minister varies considerably from coun ...

Adriaan Dijxhoorn Adriaan Quirinus Hendrik Dijxhoorn (10 September 1889 – 22 January 1953) was a Dutch soldier who served as Minister of Defence during the Battle of the Netherlands. Following the outbreak of the Second World War he was appointed Minister of Def ...

, leading to the dismissal of the minister. Immediately also the other ministers resigned and the cabinet continued for five weeks as a

demissionary cabinet A demissionary cabinet ( nl, demissionair kabinet) is a type of caretaker cabinet in the Netherlands. A demissionary cabinet continues the current government after a cabinet has ended. This can either be after completion of the full term, betwe ...

until the ministries were redistributed and the Second Gerbrandy cabinet was installed on 27 July 1941.

Term

The cabinet became the main inspiration for many of the resistance fighters in the Netherlands through radio addresses by

. Important actions of the cabinet include the recognition of the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

in July 1942, the

declaration of war A declaration of war is a formal act by which one state (polity), state announces existing or impending war activity against another. The declaration is a performative speech act (or the signing of a document) by an authorized party of a nationa ...

against

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

on 7 December 1942, the announcement that after the war the relations between the Netherlands and the Dutch Indies will change and the re-establishment in July 1943 of the representation at the

Vatican Vatican may refer to: Vatican City, the city-state ruled by the pope in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica, Sistine Chapel, Vatican Museum The Holy See * The Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic Church and sovereign entity recognized ...

. During the first and second cabinet of Gerbrandy plans are made for post-war prosecution of "wrongful" (''foute'') Dutch civilians (collaborators with the Germans). On 27 January 1945

Minister of the Interior An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency ...

Jaap Burger Jacobus Albertus Wilhelmus "Jaap" Burger (20 August 1904 – 19 August 1986) was a Dutch politician of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands), Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) and later co-founder of the Labour Party (Netherla ...

(SDAP) was asked to resign by

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (born Pieter Gerbrandij; 13 April 1885 – 7 September 1961) was a Dutch politician and jurist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 3 September 1940 until 25 June 1945. He oversaw the government-in-exile ...

(ARP) after holding a radio speech, differentiating between "wrongful" Dutch civilians (''foute Nederlanders'') and Dutch civilians who made a mistake (''Nederlanders die een fout hebben gemaakt''). But because

did not discuss this with rest of the cabinet all Social Democratic Workers' Party ministers resigned in response. The

continued until the installation of the

Third Gerbrandy cabinet The Third Gerbrandy cabinet, also called the Fourth London cabinet, was the Dutch government-in-exile from 23 February 1945 until 25 June 1945. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP), Anti-Revolutionary ...

on 23 February 1945.

Changes

On 17 November 1941

Minister of Finance A finance minister is an executive or cabinet position in charge of one or more of government finances, economic policy and financial regulation. A finance minister's portfolio has a large variety of names around the world, such as "treasury", " ...

, Minister of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and

Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries The Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food was a United Kingdom cabinet position, responsible for the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. The post was originally named President of the Board of Agriculture and was created in 1889. ...

Max Steenberghe Maximilien Paul Léon "Max" Steenberghe (2 May 1899 – 22 January 1972) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP), which later formed to the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and is now merged into the Christian Democra ...

(RKSP) and Minister of Colonial Affairs

Charles Welter Charles Joseph Ignace Marie Welter (6 April 1880 – 28 March 1972) was a Dutch politician and diplomat of the defunct General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses (ABRK) party later the Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP), the Catholic People's Party ...

(RKSP) both resigned after disagreements with the cabinet policy. Minister of Water Management Willem Albarda (SDAP) took over as

and Minister of Social Affairs Jan van den Tempel (SDAP) took over as Minister of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and

. On 31 May 1944 Minister of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and

Piet Kerstens (RKSP) was dismissed over a disagreement about the post-war food distribution policy. Both the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and the

Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries The Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries may refer to one of several national organisations: * Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, formerly the ''Ministry of Agriculture and Fishing'' * Ministry of Agriculture (France) * Ministry o ...

where subsequently reorganized.

Johannes van den Broek Johannes van den Broek (26 October 1882, Haarlem – 22 October 1946, The Hague) was a businessman and Dutch minister of finance from 1942 to 1945. He was chairman of the Biliton Company in the Dutch East Indies from 1931, and in 1942 he was ...

took over as Minister of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture adding the portfolio of Agriculture to the Commerce ministry. Government adviser

Jim de Booy James Marnix de Booy (born de Booij; 24 July 1885, Kralingen – 1 March 1969, Lausanne) was a Dutch politician and member of the Dutch resistance. De Booy was a liberal entrepreneur and government minister. During his naval career he was c ...

was appointed as Minister of Shipping and Fisheries combining the portfolios of Shipping and Fisheries. Ondertekening van de monetaire overeenkomst (1943)

Ondertekening van de monetaire overeenkomst (1943)

Cabinet Members

: : : : : : : : * The age difference between the oldest and youngest cabinet member Gerrit Bolkestein (born 1871) and Jaap Burger (born 1904) was 32 years, 346 days.

References

External links

;Official *
Kabinet-Gerbrandy I en II
Parlement & Politiek {{DEFAULTSORT:Gerbrandy cabinet, Second Cabinets of the Netherlands 1941 establishments in the Netherlands 1945 disestablishments in the Netherlands Cabinets established in 1941 Cabinets disestablished in 1945 Netherlands in World War II Governments in exile during World War II