The Second Authority for Television and Radio ( he, הרשות השניה לטלויזיה ורדיו, ''HaRashut HaShniya Le'Televizya VeRadio'') is an Israeli commercial television and radio authority, established in the wake of a law passed by the
Knesset
The Knesset ( he, הַכְּנֶסֶת ; "gathering" or "assembly") is the unicameral legislature of Israel. As the supreme state body, the Knesset is sovereign and thus has complete control of the entirety of the Israeli government (with ...
in 1990.
Besides conducting tenders and selecting operators, the authority regulates and supervises commercial broadcasts, ensuring that a certain percentage of the broadcast content is produced locally.
History
The Second Authority for Television and Radio is led by a fifteen-member council entrusted with maintaining the public interest in commercial radio and television broadcasts delivered by licensed stations owned and operated by entities in the private sector. Until the establishment of the Second Authority most radio and television media in Israel were
public broadcasting
Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing ...
services delivered under the auspices of the
Israel Broadcasting Authority
The Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA; ) was Israel's public broadcaster from 1948 to 2017.
History
The Israel Broadcasting Authority was an outgrowth of the radio station '' Kol Yisrael'', which made its first broadcast as an independent s ...
(the ''IBA''). This included the country's then-single television channel and several radio stations. Since their inception, the Second Authority's television and radio broadcasts have been operating alongside, and essentially in competition with, the broadcasts of the IBA.
The authority handles citizen complaints, ensures that commercial advertisements are run within the allotted time and ensures that the operators maintain a certain mix of program genres as stipulated in their licenses. About 2% of the broadcast time on the commercial channels is reserved for various public-interest programs, which are produced by the authority itself.
The authority is also in charge of establishing and maintaining the nationwide
DTT (
DVB-T
DVB-T, short for Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial, is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first published in 1997 and first broadcast in Singapore in Feb ...
) infrastructure in Israel (also known as the "IDAN" project) which is utilized by both the Second Authority as well as the Israel Broadcasting Authority. In March 2011
analog television
Analog television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio. In an analog television broadcast, the brightness, colors and sound are represented by amplitude, phase and frequency of an analog s ...
broadcasts in Israel ceased and since then terrestrial television is only broadcast digitally over the IDAN network.
The Second Authority issues licenses for commercial television and regional radio stations by putting those services up for tender and selecting operators from the tender responders. The Authority established the first commercial television station in Israel, ''
Channel 2'', in November 1993 after several years of test broadcasts. Three franchisees were selected to operate the channel in the initial tender, ''
Keshet,
Reshet'', and ''
Telad'', each of which were reserved certain broadcast days during the week and collected ad revenues for those days. Also, a fourth company was established, the ''
Israeli News Company
Hevrat HaHadashot ( he, חברת החדשות, lit=The News Company) is one of the three major brands of Israeli television news programmes. Produced for Keshet 12 by Keshet Media Group subsidiary Israel Television News Company ( he, חבר� ...
'' which is responsible for producing the daily news broadcasts shown on Channel 2. The channel has become successful and has provided a good return on investment to the three operators.
In 1995, the authority divided the country into regions and put up for tender licenses for 14 commercial regional radio stations. These are generally geographical in nature, although in practice there is considerable overlap between the various regions (and with certain radio programs being broadcast simultaneously across multiple regional stations through
syndication agreements).
In 2002 the authority established an additional commercial television station, ''
Channel 10''. In 2004 the network's operators and license provisions were reorganized to revitalize the station. In 2005, the original tender for Channel 2 expired and the network was re-bid, and is now run by two operators instead of three.
On November 1, 2017, Channel 2 had shut down, and each operator started its own broadcast channel with Keshet was assigned to
channel 12 and Reshet was assigned to
channel 13. Channel 10 also moved to channel 14. The Israeli News Company would keep produce newscasts for channel 12 and 13.
See also
*
Television in Israel
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Second Authority for Television and Radio
Mass media companies of Israel
Television channels and stations established in 1990
1990 establishments in Israel